investments with longer payback periods are more desirable, all else being equal.
true
false
Answers
Investments with longer Payback periods are more desirable, all else being equal. This statement is false.
This is because the payback system can be used when the net cash inpourings from the capital investment are unstable.
The payback system evaluates how long it'll take to “payback” or recover the original investment. The payback period, generally stated in times, is the time it takes to bring about enough cash bills from an investment to cover the cash outpouring( s) for the investment.
In substance, the shorter payback an investment has, the more entrancing it becomes. Determining the vengeance period is useful for anyone and can be done by dividing the original investment by the average cash overflows.
Account and fund directors use the payback period to determine whether to go through with an investment. One of the downsides of the payback period is that it disregards the time value of moneybags.
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Related Questions
Which is an example of a small business showing social responsibility to individuals within the company?
A. starting an office recycling program
B. developing sustainable business practice
C. donating money to local organizations
D. allowing employees to work from home
Answers
Starting an office recycling program, developing sustainable business practice and donating money to local organizations are examples of a small business showing social responsibility to individuals within the company.
Company have a social responsibility to the communities in which they operate. This includes ensuring that they are good corporate citizens, providing support for local causes and charities, and protecting the environment.
Sustainable business is a term that is often used to describe businesses that are environmentally friendly or that have a positive social impact.
Hence, the correct options are "A, B & C".
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1. Which of the following describes the relationship between successful marketing campaigns and increased sales or attendance?
A. Marketing campaigns can increase the attendance at a game due to the additional promotional strategies.
B. Marketing campaigns generally do not have an impact on game attendance.
C. Marketing campaigns usually result in decreased game attendance.
D. Unsuccessful marketing campaigns usually result in increased game attendance.
2.Which statements describes the advantages of either mass marketing or market segmentation? Only two correct answers.
A. Mass marketing is cost-effective.
B. Market segmentation is customizable.
C. Mass marketing targets a specific audience.
D. Market segmentation takes time to implement.
E. Mass marketing relies on the success of one strategy.
3.Which statements describe the advantages of either mass marketing or market segmentation? Only two correct answers.
A. Mass marketing is cost-effective.
B. Market segmentation is customizable.
C. Mass marketing targets a specific audience.
D. Market segmentation takes time to implement.
E. Mass marketing relies on the success of one strategy.
4.Which term describes how one brand compares to its competitors?
A. medium
B. positioning
C. mass marketing
D. market segmentation
Answers
A game's attendance may decline as a result of marketing campaigns' additional promotional tactics. Mass marketing focuses on a particular audience, and market segmentation can be customised.
What connection does there exist between marketing and sales?The tactics your organisation does to create interest in your business are referred to as marketing. The means by which you turn that interest into a transaction are sales. Cold, warm, and hot leads are attracted by marketing strategies, while full clients are acquired by sales techniques.
What attributes define a profitable marketing effort?Effective Marketing Campaign Elements Specified Public A Strong Offer An Advantage for Brand Awareness A successful marketing plan will draw in a sizable consumer base and pique their interest and excitement.
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Which ONE of the following actions would be good for a person who needs to grow her group of allies to take AND for a person who wants to be a better ally to take? a. Acknowledge their privilege b. Join an ERG c. Attend a professional conference
d. Join the local Chamber of Commerce
Answers
Joining an ERG (Employee Resource Group) would be a good action for both someone who needs to grow their group of allies and for someone who wants to be a better ally. ERGs provide a supportive community and opportunities for networking and learning about different perspectives and experiences. (Option b)
Joining an ERG is a beneficial action for both individuals who need to grow their group of allies and for those who want to be better allies. ERGs are voluntary, employee-led groups within an organization that bring together individuals who share common interests, identities, or backgrounds.
By joining an ERG, individuals can connect with like-minded individuals and build relationships based on shared experiences and challenges.
For someone who needs to grow their group of allies, joining an ERG provides an opportunity to meet new people, expand their network, and build relationships with individuals who can offer support, guidance, and resources.
ERGs often organize events, workshops, and networking activities that facilitate connections and foster a sense of belonging.
For someone who wants to be a better ally, joining an ERG allows them to actively engage with and learn from individuals who belong to marginalized or underrepresented groups. ERGs provide a platform for education, awareness, and understanding of different perspectives, cultures, and experiences.
By participating in the activities and discussions within an ERG, individuals can develop empathy, broaden their worldview, and enhance their allyship skills.
Overall, joining an ERG is a proactive step that benefits both individuals seeking allies and individuals striving to be better allies by fostering a sense of community, understanding, and collaboration.
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How does the words business,product,service,revenue ,expense and profit have an relationship
Answers
Answer:
A business is defined as an organization or enterprising entity engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities. ... The term "business" also refers to the organized efforts and activities of individuals to produce and sell goods and services for profit.
alex measured the length of an item to be 3.9 cm. the actual length is 3.5 cm what is alex percent error ?
Answers
Answer:
11.42 %
Explanation:
The formula for calculating percentage error
percentage error = observed value - actual value x 100
actual value
Percentage error = 3.9- 3.5 x 100
3.5
Percentage error = 0.4 x 100
3.5
Percentage error =0.1142 x 100
Percentage error = 11.42 %
Tim Horton wants to raise funds to open a branch of their coffee shop in Trinidad. To raise the funds, Tim Horton would sell bonds 100 $1,000 par value with a coupon interest rate of 6%. The bonds would mature in 15 years and interest would be paid semi-annually. The required rate of return is expected to be 8%.
Requirement:
a) Calculate the value of one bond
b) What is the total amount Tim Horton would raise if all bonds were sold?
Answers
Answer:
a) The value of one bond is $837.08.
b) The total amount Tim Horton would raise if all bonds were sold is $83,708.
Explanation:
a) Calculate the value of one bond
This can be calculated as follows:
Annual coupon = Bond face value * Coupon interest rate = $1,000 * 6% = $60
Annual coupon discount factor = ((1 - (1 / (1 + r))^n) / r) .......... (1)
Where;
r = required semi-annual rate of return = required annual rate of return / number of semi-annual in a year = 8% / 2 = 0.08 / 2 = 0.04
n = number of semi-annuals = number of years * number of semi-annual in a year = 15 * 2 = 30
Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:
Semi-annual coupon discount factor = ((1-(1/(1 + 0.04))^30) / 0.04) = 17.2920333006645
Present value of coupon = ((Annual coupon / number of semi-annual in a year) * Semi-annual coupon discount factor) = (($60 / 2) * 17.2920333006645 = $528.76
Present value of the face value of the bond = Face value of the bond / (1 + r)^n = ($1,000 / (1 + 0.04)^30 = $308.32
Therefore, we have:
Bond value = Present value of coupon + Present value of the face value of the bond = $528.76 + $308.32 = $837.08
Therefore, the value of one bond is $837.08.
b) What is the total amount Tim Horton would raise if all bonds were sold?
Number of bonds expected to be sold = 100
Value of one bond = $837.08
Total amount that would be raised = Number of bonds expected to be sold * Value of one bond = 100 * $837.08 = $83,708
Therefore, the total amount Tim Horton would raise if all bonds were sold is $83,708.
2. A lottery claims its grand prize is $16 million, payable over 4 years at $4 million per year. If the first payment is made three years from now, what is this grand prize worth today? Use an interest rate of 3.5%.
Answers
The lottery claims its grand prize is $16 million, payable over 4 years at $4 million per year. If the first payment is made three years from now, then the actual number of payments that will be paid is 1.
We need to calculate the present value of this amount. The interest rate is 3.5%.We will use the present value of an annuity formula:PV = A(1 - 1 / (1 + r) n) / rWhere,PV is the present value.
A is the annual paymentr is the interest raten is the number of paymentsThe annual payment is $4 million. We know that the grand prize is payable over four years at $4 million per year.
So, the annual payment is $4 million.The interest rate is 3.5%.We have only one payment left that will be paid three years from now.
So, the number of payments is one. Let us put these values in the formula:P = $4,000,000r = 0.035n = 1PV = $3,727,203The grand prize is worth $3,727,203 today.
Therefore, the present value of the grand prize is $3,727,203.
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what is the difference of communism and socialism?
Answers
For socialism there is limited Private owner ship, government and private entities,Limited class distinctions and production for societal needs .
. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. It is generally more expensive to form a proprietorship than a corporation because, with a proprietorship, extensive legal documents are required. b. Corporations face fewer regulations than sole proprietorships. c. One disadvantage of operating a business as a sole proprietorship is that the firm is subject to double taxation, at both the firm level and the owner level. d. One advantage of forming a corporation is that equity investors are usually exposed to less liability than in a regular partnership.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is the option D: One advantage of forming a corporation is that equity investors are usually exposed to less liability than in regular partnership.
Explanation:
On the one hand, a sole propietorship is a type of enterprise that characterizes itself because of the fact of having the condition to consider both the legal entity and the owner of it as a same person, meaning that there is no distinction between them and therefore that the owner of the business has unlimited liability.
On the other hand, a corporation is another type of enterprise in which there is a distinction between the people who own the company and the organization itself as a legal entity and therefore that one advantage of this type of business is that the owners have limited liability when it comes to terms of facing the debts of the company.
how does an increase in income lead to the development of industries
Answers
Explanation:
industrialization increases workers' income, it also enhances their capacity to save. These voluntary savings stimulate economic growth. By cumulative effect, they eventually lead to the further expansion of industry.
The income tax rate in a state is a flat 10 percent. Based on that rate, who has the higher tax burden?
Annual Income
Alex - $20,000
Beatrice - $190,000
Julio - $80,000
Roberta - $60,000
Alex
Beatrice
Julio
Roberta
Answers
Answer:
Beatrice
Explanation: she makes the most money so she has to pay more in tax
Based on the tax rate and the annual income of the people, the person with the higher tax burden is Beatrice.
Flat Rate Tax Refers to when a specific rate of tax is imposed. Leads to those who are paid higher having a higher tax burden. Leads to lower income earners having less money after tax.Beatrice is the highest earner in the group as they earn $190,000. They will therefore have the highest tax burden of $19,000 as opposed to the others who have lower salaries.
In conclusion, Beatrice is correct.
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2. What types of things does a hospitality manager do?
3. What courses or information would be helpful for a hospitality manager?
please help
Answers
Answer:
2. What is a hospitality manager?
In general, hospitality managers oversee the day to day operations of a hotel or restaurant, which includes managing personnel, ensuring guest satisfaction, and following the appropriate steps to ensure that the facilities are well-maintained. Hospitality managers are also required to oversee the upkeep of financial and administrative records.
3. First, find a good mentor
second Be selective in your hiring
third Focus on leadership, not management
fourth Communicate, communicate, communicate
fifth Listen to your guests
sixth Keep learning
Explanation:
Hope this helps...
Que consecuencias podria tener una subita caida del valor de las acciones para quienes compraban acciones con prestamos
Answers
La respuesta correcta para esta pregunta abierta es la siguiente.
No especificas el país o la Bolsa de Valores en específico, ni una fecha determinada, por lo que responderemos en términos generales.
Las consecuencias que podría tener una súbita caída del valor de las acciones para quienes compraban acciones con prestamos es que pierdan una gran parte del valor en lo que tenían invertido por la repentina caída de los precios en la Bolsa.
Además, si compraron las acciones con préstamos, la consecuencia también es que no van a tener la liquidez suficiente para poder enfrentar los pagos de esos préstamos o por lo menos, los pagos de los intereses, aunque no puedan pagar también al capital, para poder disminuir su deuda.
Este es el problema tan recurrente y grave que se presenta en los mercados de valores de cualquier Bolsa a nivel mundial. Es tan manipulable que cualquier variable hace que de repente el valor de una acción suba sin precedentes, pero al siguiente instante se desplome todavía más rápido sin mayor justificación válida.
buying products produced in another country is known as multiple choice importing. trade protectionism. comparative advantage. exporting.
Answers
Buying products produced in another country is known as importing.
Exporting is selling products done in the country abroad.
Trade protectionism is a State's disposition that interferes with free trade in order to protect and encourage local production. It consists of barriers to importation, like heavy duties or prohibition of importing certain products.
Comparative advantage is the specialization in the production of a certain good that has lower opportunity costs of production than competitors. For example, a country with plains and grasslands has a comparative advantage for specialization in agriculture.
As you can see, importing is the correct answer, because it consists of buying goods and services abroad for consumption in one's country.
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Select a single stock issue, then perform each of the ratio valuations, covered in the lesson. Compare the information and make a recommendation on the value of the stock, and whether it is a good investment. Your submission must list the name of the stock, the data. The information was obtained, the source from which the information was drawn, and a list of each of the ratio models, showing the results. Also, prepare a narrative of at least two paragraphs that analyzes your findings and indicates your recommendations.
Answers
We should note that stock valuation helps to predict the future price or potential market prices for the investors to time their sales or purchase of investments. Its values the intrinsic value of the stock that shows the profitability of the business and its future market value.
What is the stock valuation of Apple Inc?In this context, let's assume we're analyzing Apple Inc. (AAPL), a technology company that designs, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players.
One key ratio valuations that investors might use to assess the value of AAPL is Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E ratio). This ratio compares the current stock price to the company's earnings per share (EPS). A high P/E ratio suggests that investors are willing to pay a premium for the stock based on its earnings potential.
To calculate the P/E ratio for AAPL, we would divide the current stock price by the company's EPS. As of 2022, AAPL had a P/E ratio of around 28, which is slightly higher than the industry average of around 24.
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evaluate the process used to determine credit scores do you think its fair why or why not
how do the five C's fit to determine of a credit score
Answers
Answer:
The five Cs of credit are character, capacity, capital, collateral, and conditions. ... as the Fair Isaac Corporation), a leading credit evaluation firm, uses the information ... good credit score and credit reports play in securing a loan, it's worth considering
Explanation:
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In which of the following situations can a firm providing goods and services gain a competitive advantage? (Check all thatapply.)a)Their offerings are similar to competitors' offerings at higher prices.b)Their offerings are of similar quality to competitors' offerings but can be sold atlower prices due to lower costs.c)Their offerings provide more value for consumers than competitors' offerings.d)Their offerings cost more to produce than competitors' offerings.
Answers
A competitive advantage is when a company is able to provide goods and services that are more valuable to consumers than those offered by its rivals. There are several ways a firm can gain a competitive advantage. Among the options listed above, only options (b) and (c) apply.
In the scenario where a firm provides offerings that are similar in quality to those of its rivals but at a lower price due to lower costs (option b), the firm will have a competitive advantage. The firm can either maintain its current price level and achieve higher profit margins or undercut its competitors’ prices to gain a greater market share.
Alternatively, if the firm is able to provide more value for consumers than its competitors’ offerings (option c), then the firm will also have a competitive advantage.
The firm will be able to attract more customers and/or charge a premium price for its goods or services, which will lead to increased profitability.
However, if a firm’s offerings are similar to those of its competitors but at higher prices (option a), then it will not have a competitive advantage. Customers will opt to purchase goods or services from the cheaper alternatives, and the firm’s sales will suffer.
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alternative sources of start-up funding available to young South African entrepreneurs
Answers
The sources of capital that are available to the young entrepreneurs in South Africa would be:
grantsIDF CapitalFinance agenciesLulalend Business Funding.What is meant by finance capital?This is the term that is used to refer to the money that a person would need in order to be able to start a business. It is the money that is needed to get things in an operational form.
The lack of capital is one of the issues that face the growth of the entrepreneurial business world in South Africa as a lot of people do not have the money with which to build on.
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Skin Care: Who created the makeup and skin care brand Glossier? The company recently became one the few women-founded private startups worth over $1 billion?
Answers
Glossier is a makeup and skincare brand that was created by Emily Weiss. Weiss was a former Vogue assistant who gained popularity for her beauty blog, Into the Gloss. She founded Glossier in 2014 with a mission to create a more inclusive beauty industry that focuses on enhancing natural beauty rather than concealing it.
Glossier has become a cult favorite among millennials due to its minimalistic approach to beauty and its social media presence. The brand's success can also be attributed to its direct-to-consumer model, which allows Glossier to offer affordable prices and build strong relationships with its customers.
In 2019, Glossier became one of the few women-founded private startups worth over $1 billion. This achievement has made Weiss a role model for women entrepreneurs and has highlighted the importance of diversity in the startup industry.
Overall, Glossier's success can be attributed to Weiss's vision and her ability to tap into the needs of a younger generation that values authenticity, inclusivity, and simplicity in their skincare and beauty routines.
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Check all of the following that are correct that can have a single owner ? MARK YOU THE BRAINLIEST!
Answers
The establishment/items that can ave a single owner includes:
Sole proprietorshipPrivate corporationNon-profit corporationWhat is a single owner?This refers to any form of establishment that can be owned and operated by a natural person.
Therefore, in the list, the Sole proprietorship, Private corporation and Non-profit corporation are establishment that can have a single owner.
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what's two examples of a direct competition?
Answers
Answer and Explanation:
Direct competition is a type of competition where two or more businesses offers the same kind of product and compete in the similar market.
The examples like dominos versus pizza hut in terms of food, HP versus Dell in terms of laptop
So in this examples they sell the same kind of products and compete each other
Refer to the accompanying table below. The marginal benefit of the 5th unit of
activity is:
Units of Activity
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total Cost
$0
$30
$40
$60
$100
$150
$210
Total Benefit
$0
$100
$160
$190
$210
$220
$225
O A) $44
B) $50
Answers
Answer:
huh am stuck this question
The marginal benefit of the 5th unit of activity is $50.
The marginal benefit refers to the change in the overall benefit at the time when the extra unit of the commodity should be consumed.The following formula should be used:
= Total benefit of 5th unit - Total benefit of 4th unit
= $150 - $100
= $50
Therefore we can conclude that the marginal benefit of the 5th unit of activity is $50.
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Write a short paragraph of two or three sentences describing the benefits of sending a cover letter along with your résumé.
Answers
Answer:
Some benefits of sending a cover letter along with your resume includes, Recruiters will see who put the work in. Your resume is factual, your cover letter is personal. It demonstrate your interest. Show you've done your research. Give them a taste of who you are. These are benefits for sending in your cover letter along with your resume.
Explanation:
It is NOT the sample response, no need to alter it I made it myself. Hope this helps
Employers are more likely to view your resume if one include a cover letter with it.
Define resume and cover letter.The facts — whom, what, where, and how – are stated in a resume. A cover letter allows you to show why you are qualified for the position.
Employers are more likely to view your resume if one include a cover letter with it.
The cover letter provides personalized information and the resume is factual.
Your cover letter should convey your enthusiasm.
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brett's bicycle shop has decided to export products to finland without using a letter of credit. one way the shop can insure against payment default would be to purchase blank insurance. multiple choice question. time draft export credit drawee sight draft
Answers
Without a letter of credit, Brett's Bicycle Shop has decided to ship goods to Finland. The acquisition of export credit insurance would be one option for the shop to protect itself against payment default.
What is insurance for export credit?A product or service exporter is shielded from the risk of non-payment by a foreign buyer by export credit insurance (ECI). In other words, by providing the exporter with a conditional assurance that payment would be made if the overseas buyer is unable to pay, ECI greatly lowers the payment risks involved with conducting business internationally.
Simply put, exporters can safeguard their international receivables against a range of hazards that could lead to non-payment by international clients.
ECI typically covers commercial risks that could lead to non-payment, such as buyer insolvency, bankruptcy, or prolonged defaults, or slow payments, as well as some political risks, such as war, terrorism, riots, and revolution. ECI also covers expropriation, changes to import or export regulations, and currency inconvertibility.
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A card game is being played and the 5 of spades, 9 of spades, 10 of spades, and 10 of hearts are drawn from a single deck. In order to win, the next card the player draws from the deck must be higher than the highest card already drawn. What is the probability that the next card the player draws is a winning card? (An ace is considered to have a value of 1 and jacks, queens, and kings have a value of 10.) Hint: A deck has 52 cards, 4 suits, and each suit has A, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K.
Answers
The likelihood that the following card will be higher than the previous highest card (5 of spades, 9 of spades, 10 of spades, and 10 of hearts) is 20/47, or roughly 42.55%.
How likely is it that you'll get a heart and a spade?A standard deck of cards contains 52 cards. There are 13 hearts and 13 spades. Therefore, there is a 50/50 probability of receiving a heart or a spade.
What percentage of a 52-card deck are spades?Each of the four suits—Clubs, Hearts, Diamonds, and Spades—has 13 cards, for a total of four suits. Hearts and diamonds are red; spades and clubs are both black.
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The development of market power by a firm is considered to be a market failure because firms with market power will
Answers
A bank has stock shares of $100,000, property assets of $90,000, and cash of $10,000. If households and businesses decide to deposit $50,000 in the bank as checkable deposits, the balance sheet will be ______.
Answers
The answer is stock shares = $100,000, property assets = $90,000, cash = $60,000, and loans & advences = $50,000
Given,
stock shares = $100,000,
property assets = $90,000,
and cash = $10,000.
households and businesses decide to deposit $50,000 in the bank as checkable deposits.
The balance sheet is a statement of the assets, liabilities, and capital of a business or other organization at a particular point in time.
It also details the balance of income and expenditure over the preceding period.
Therefore when households and businesses decide to deposit $50,000 in the bank as checkable deposits, it will be shown in balance sheet as:
Cash = Previous balance + checkable deposits
= 10,000 + 50,000
= $60,000
Loans & advances : checkable deposits = $50,000
Hence, the balance sheet will be stock shares = $100,000, property assets = $90,000, cash = $60,000, and loans & advences = $50,000.
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A marketing agency states that online purchase practice is related to age. To test this statement a random sample of 200 persons were surveyed about their online purchase practice. This sample consist
Answers
The marketing agency found a relationship between age and online purchase practice based on a random survey of 200 individuals.
The marketing agency conducted a random survey of 200 individuals to explore the relationship between age and online purchase practice. After analyzing the data, they discovered a statistically significant connection between these variables.
The results suggest that age plays a role in online purchase behavior. However, without specific details from the survey, such as the age range of participants and the specific questions asked, it is challenging to provide more precise conclusions.
Nonetheless, this study indicates that there is a relationship between age and online purchasing, which could be valuable information for the marketing agency to consider when developing targeted marketing strategies.
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You recently got a new job in a busy doctor's office. There are four other workers who perform the same
tasks as you. When you were trained, you felt confident about your ability to do the work correctly.
However, now you are not sure how to complete some of the tasks.
Read the following actions and decide which is the BEST way to handle the situation and which is the
WORST way to handle the situation.
1. Ask a co-worker to help you with the tasks you are not sure how to do.
2. Watch your co-workers do the tasks you are not sure how to do and copy their actions exactly.
3. Ignore the tasks you are not sure how to do until someone notices.
4 Ask your supervisor for additional training on the tale vor
Answers
Ignore the tasks you are not sure how to do until someone notices which is the worst way to handle the situation. The correct option C. Ignoring behavior that is harmful to the student or others is never a suitable course of action e.g., aggressive behavior, or bullying. These actions demand the application of a different tactic.
Why is planned to ignore harmfully?Ignoring assumes that a child's apparent behaviors accurately represent what they are trying to accomplish. In fact, many kids aren't able to communicate their inner thoughts through coordinated movement and/or language. Ignoring oversimplifies the child's actions without making an effort to understand their underlying emotions and thoughts.
You recently got a new job in a busy doctor's office. There are four other workers who perform the same tasks as you. When you were trained, you felt confident about your ability to do the work correctly. However, now you are not sure how to complete some of the tasks. Ignore the tasks you are not sure how to do until someone notices which is the worst way to handle the situation.
Thus, the ideal selection is option C.
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(a) An amount of $100 is deposited into an account at the end of the 1st year, after which payments of $200, $400, $600,... are deposited at the end of every 2 years, that is, there will be a payment of $200 at time 3, a payment of $400 at time 5, and so on. The last payment will be made at the end of the 15th year. Determine the present value if the annual effective rate of interest is 2%. Round your answer to the nearest cent. [7] (b) An annuity-due consists of a first payment of $100, with subsequent payments increased by 7% over the previous one until the 10th payment, after which subsequent payments are level at the amount of the 10th payment. If the effective rate of interest is 7% per payment period, determine the present value of this annuity-due with 20 payments. Round your answer to the nearest cent
Answers
The present value of the series of uneven cash flows and the annuity-due with increasing and level payments can be calculated by discounting each cash flow back to the present using the respective effective rates of interest.
(a) To calculate the present value of the series of uneven cash flows, we need to discount each cash flow back to the present using the given annual effective rate of interest of 2%. The first cash flow of $100 at the end of the 1st year does not need to be discounted since it is already at the present time. The subsequent cash flows of $200, $400, $600, and so on, occur every 2 years. We can treat these cash flows as a series of regular cash flows of $200 at the end of every 2 years. We can use the present value of an ordinary annuity formula to calculate the present value of these cash flows:
Present Value = \($100 + $200/(1 + r)^2 + $200/(1 + r)^4 + $200/(1 + r)^6 + ... + $200/(1 + r)^30\)
where r is the annual effective rate of interest (2% in this case). By substituting the values and calculating the sum, we can find the present value of this series of cash flows.
(b) For the annuity-due with increasing payments followed by level payments, we need to calculate the present value of each payment and then sum them up to find the total present value. The first payment is $100 and subsequent payments increase by 7% over the previous one until the 10th payment. After the 10th payment, subsequent payments remain constant at the amount of the 10th payment. We can use the present value of an annuity-due formula to calculate the present value of these cash flows:
Present Value = \($100/(1 + r) + ($100 * (1 + g))/(1 + r)^2 + ($100 * (1 + g)^2)/(1 + r)^3 + ... + ($100 * (1 + g)^10)/(1 + r)^11 + ($100 * (1 + g)^10)/(1 + r)^12 + ... + ($100 * (1 + g)^10)/(1 + r)^30\)
where r is the effective rate of interest (7% per payment period) and g is the growth rate of subsequent payments (7% in this case). By substituting the values and calculating the sum, we can find the present value of this annuity-due with 20 payments.
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