Zambia has undergone various transformations over the years in the area of economic development.
Give a detailed account of the economic situation in zambia during the pre-independence era, after independence and finally after 1991 and the economic results of those time periods.
Answers
Pre-independence era (Before 1964):
During the pre-independence era, Zambia, formerly known as Northern Rhodesia, was primarily dependent on the mining industry, particularly copper. The country was under British colonial rule, and economic activities were mainly focused on serving the colonial powers. The mining sector, controlled by foreign companies, played a dominant role, while other sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing were relatively underdeveloped. This reliance on a single export commodity made Zambia vulnerable to fluctuations in global copper prices. The economic benefits were concentrated in the hands of foreign investors, leading to disparities in wealth distribution and limited local development.
Post-independence era (1964-1991):
After gaining independence in 1964, Zambia pursued a policy of nationalization and economic planning under President Kenneth Kaunda's government. The government aimed to achieve economic self-reliance and reduce foreign control over key industries. Copper mining remained the backbone of the economy, and the government expanded its role by establishing parastatal companies in various sectors. However, the nationalization policies faced challenges due to mismanagement, corruption, and declining copper prices in the international market. This led to a deterioration of the economy, high inflation, and growing external debt.
Economic reforms after 1991:
In 1991, Zambia implemented significant economic reforms, shifting from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented system. These reforms were initiated in response to the economic crisis and under pressure from international financial institutions. The key measures included liberalizing trade, deregulating markets, privatizing state-owned enterprises, and implementing fiscal discipline. The reforms aimed to attract foreign investment, promote private sector growth, and improve economic efficiency. Over time, these reforms contributed to increased economic diversification, improved business environment, and enhanced macroeconomic stability. Sectors such as agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing started to gain more prominence alongside mining.
Economic results:
The economic results varied across the different time periods. In the pre-independence era, Zambia experienced limited local development and an economy heavily reliant on copper mining, with limited benefits trickling down to the population. The post-independence period saw an initial focus on nationalization and economic planning, but mismanagement and external factors led to economic decline and rising debt. After the economic reforms in 1991, Zambia witnessed improvements in macroeconomic stability, diversification efforts, and increased private sector participation. However, challenges such as poverty, inequality, and infrastructure gaps remained significant.
Overall, Zambia's economic history reflects a journey from colonial exploitation to independence struggles and subsequent economic challenges. While progress has been made in certain areas, the country continues to face development hurdles that require sustained efforts for inclusive and sustainable economic growth.
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Related Questions
Johnson Energy Services was in the home heating oil business. In August 2021, one of its drivers was scheduled to make a delivery at a 1129 Colonial Ave in Alexandria, Virginia, but, instead, went to 1135 Colonial; 1135 was the center house of a triplex (1133,1135, and 1137). The driver attached the truck's fuel hose to a fill port on the outside of the rear basement of 1135 and pumped 330 gallons of fuel oil into the fill port over an 8-minute period. At that point, a renter in 1135 rushed out to advise that fuel oil was pouring into the basement. 1135 had been converted from oil heat, and the oil tank had been removed. The local Alexandria Fire Department (AFD) arrived within an hour, while the delivery truck was still at the scene along with the driver and the Johnson Energy Risk Manager. But by then, more than 300 gallons of oil had gone down the basement floor drain. Within 4 hours, oil was discovered in the sump of 1137 . The AFD condemned 1135 that day. Two days later it was confirmed that oil had gone under the basement slabs of all three houses. The residents of all three houses made liability claims against johnson Energy. Johnson notified its CGL insurer, AIG, of the claims. AlG then filed a Declaratory Judgment (DJ) Action against Johnson Energy seeking a ruling that there was no liability coverage afforded under the CGL for the claims. AlG relied on an exclusion in the CGL and won the DJ Action. Answer the following: 1. Who is (are) the claimants? 2. Who is the insured? 3. What type of claim is being made? 4. Which exclusion did AIG rely upon for its no coverage position? 5. Explain in 2−3 sentences why the exclusion applied.
Answers
The liability claims against Johnson Energy Services were denied coverage by AIG due to the application of the pollution exclusion in the CGL policy.
1. The claimants are the residents of 1135 Colonial Ave and the neighboring houses (1133 and 1137).
2. The insured is Johnson Energy Services, the home heating oil business.
3. The claim being made is a liability claim against Johnson Energy Services for the damage caused by the oil spill.
4. AIG relied upon an exclusion in the CGL (Commercial General Liability) policy.
5. The exclusion that AIG relied upon is likely the Pollution Exclusion. AIG argued that the damages resulting from the oil spill and the subsequent pollution were excluded from coverage under the CGL policy. The exclusion is intended to exclude coverage for damages arising from the release, discharge, or escape of pollutants, including oil. As the oil spilled into the basements and affected multiple properties, it fell under the purview of the pollution exclusion, which led to AIG's position of no coverage for the claims.
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Which of the following statements is true about mortgages?
A. The adjustable mortgage has an adjustable term of years but
fixed interest rate.
B. The adjustable mortgage has adjustable rates over a set amount
of time.
C. The fixed mortgage has a fixed term of years but adjustable
interest rate.
D. The fixed mortgage has an adjustable interest rate over a set time.
Answers
The statement true about mortgage is B. adjustable mortgage has adjustable rates over a set amount of time.
A mortgage is basically a pact or agreement between the person who is providing a loan in the form of money and the person taking the loan in the form of money. It includes that if you fail to return the amount the lender has all the rights by which they can take away your property that you have submitted as a security deposit in form of property papers.
There are two types of mortgages on the basis of interest rates first is adjustable mortgages which has adjustable rates of interest through a fixed period of time. On the other hand is fixed mortgages which means there is a fixed rate of interest for a fixed period of time.
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Accenture is helping a major retailer migrate to the Cloud. The client has aggressive timelines and is worried that security will be compromised. How can Accenture help the client?
Answers
Hello. You forgot to show the answer options. The options are:
• Accenture should advise the client to wait until the next phase to implement security controls.
• Accenture should develop a custom solution and suggest a timeline extension.
• Accenture has developed accelerators that can deploy specific security controls in hours, a task that used to take months.
• Accenture recommends that the additional security controls are not needed since the Cloud is secure by default.
Answer:
Accenture has developed accelerators that can deploy specific security controls in hours, a task that used to take months.
Explanation:
Accenture will promote a good management of the retailer's files that will go to the cloud promoting the security that it needs. However, this is a slow process, which requires very delicate and precise protocols, which can cause the implementation of security systems to take months to be ready. However, as the retailer has very tight deadlines, Accenture can develop accelerators that will streamline this process.
If real gdp per capita in the united states is $8,000 in 2022, and if real gdp per capita is $12,000 in 2032, what is the total percent change in the growth rate of gdp per capita between 2022 and 2032?
Answers
To calculate the total percent change in the growth rate of GDP per capita between 2022 and 2032, we need to use the formula for the compound annual growth rate (CAGR). The formula for CAGR is ((Ending Value/Beginning Value)^(1/Number of Years))-1.
So, using the values given in the question, we can calculate the CAGR as ((12,000/8,000)^(1/10))-1. This gives us a CAGR of 4.1%.
Therefore, the total percent change in the growth rate of GDP per capita between 2022 and 2032 is 41% (calculated by multiplying the CAGR by 10 years).
This means that the real GDP per capita in the United States is expected to grow by 41% between 2022 and 2032. This growth rate is a positive sign for the economy, as it indicates that the country is becoming more prosperous and people are becoming wealthier. This growth could be driven by various factors, such as technological advancements, increased productivity, and investment in infrastructure and education.
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The tone a writer takes is referred to as the writing _____.
opinion
perspective
voice
none of the above
ITS NOT PERSPECTIVE
Answers
Question 7 of 10
When should a writer establish common ground before the bottom-line
statement?
A. When the reader may disagree with the bottom-line statement
B. When the document is minutes of a meeting
C. When the report does not have an executive summary
OD. When the details are arranged in order of importance
Answers
for any construction project the contract sum must equal question 48 options: total bill to owner total bill to owner minus retention total direct cost minus general overhead total gross profit margin
Answers
For any construction project, the contract sum must equal the total bill to the owner.
The contract sum represents the total amount that the owner of the construction project is obligated to pay to the contractor for completing the project. It includes all costs associated with the project, such as labor, materials, equipment, and overhead expenses. The contract sum is the agreed-upon amount between the owner and the contractor and serves as the basis for the financial arrangement between the parties involved.
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Brendan and tasia are making a budget. Brendan takes home $2,300 on the 5th and 20th of each month, and tasia receives $4,800 once a month. They make a list of their dedicated expenditures.
Answers
Thus, $4679 is still available for their remaining monthly spending after dedicating their expenditures.
Assuming that:
Every month on the fifth and twentieth, Brendan receives $2,300 in pay.
In other words, the total money he brings home is $2300 + 2300 = $4600.
Every month, Tasia gets $4,800.
Therefore, their total income is $4600 + $4800 = $9400.
Name Quantity
$3,200 mortgage
$445 for utilities
Brendan has a car loan. $225
$385 is Tasia's automobile payment.
Minimum credit card payments are $214
$156 for a monthly cell phone plan
96 dollars for a gym membership
The total amount spent is $3200 + $445 + 225 + $385 +
$214+$156+$96 = $4721
The remaining amount for the remainder of their monthly budget is therefore $9400 less $4721.
=$4679
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how does tariffs impact employment?
Answers
Answer:
mark me as a brainlist answee
Explanation:
The levying of tariffs is often highly politicized. The possibility of increased competition from imported goods can threaten domestic industries. These domestic companies may fire workers or shift production abroad to cut costs, which means higher unemployment and a less happy electorate.
The supply of manufactured houses will increase if the cost of __________ goes down.
a. steel
b. paper
c. wood
d. water
e. have market efficiency
f. are cost efficient
Answers
If the price of steel declines, the supply of prefabricated homes will rise. As a result, option (A) is accurate.
With better strength and fracture resistance than other types of iron, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. There might be or be added a lot of different components. Typically, 11% more chromium is required for corrosion- and oxidation-resistant stainless steels.
Steel is utilized in construction, infrastructure, tools, transportation (ships, railways, automobiles, bicycles), machineries, electrical appliances, and weaponry due to its great tensile strength and inexpensive price.
The foundation metal for steel is iron. It may adopt either the body-centered cubic or the prefabricated homes face-centered cubic crystalline forms (allotropic forms), depending on the temperature.
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Which sequence of HACCP principles is in the correct order?
A.
Establish critical limits for each CCP, conduct a hazard analysis, and establish corrective actions.
B.
Conduct a hazard analysis, identify CCPs, and establish critical limits for each CCP.
C.
Establish record-keeping procedures, establish corrective actions, and establish CCP monitoring requirements.
D.
Establish CCP monitoring requirements, conduct a hazard analysis, and identify CCPs.
E.
Conduct a hazard analysis, identify CCPs, and establish CCP monitoring requirements.
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Hazard analysis of critical control point (HACCP) is a process of identifying and assessing risks alongside the biological , physical and chemical hazards associated with food production .
The sequence of the first three of the seven principles are
1. Conduct hazard analysis to determine potential risks related to food protection
2. Identify the critical control point (CCP) which addresses controlling identified hazards that are mostly likely to cause injury to health
3. Establishing critical limits for each CCP , which is the highest or lowest level a biological ,physical or chemical parameter must be controlled to prevent or minimize hazards.
Answer:
B. Conduct a hazard analysis, identify CCPs, and establish critical limits for each CCP
Explanation:
asar1:sajan commerce business with cash rs150000and furniture rs5000
asar5:purchased goods form raj rs5000 on cash and 10000 on credit.
asar11:good sold to hair for rs10000 on credits.
asar15:cash received from hair rs 5000
Answers
Answer: i think its B
Explanation:
what is meant by entry book
Answers
Answer:
Its a record of money in the bank
Someone Please help
Answers
Answer:
what am i supposed to do
Explanation:
In a competitive market, each seller has limited control over the price of his product becausea. other sellers are offering similar products.b. in competitive markets, buyers have more influence over price than sellers.c. the products sold in competitive markets are generally in abundant supply.d. sellers in competitive markets prefer to meet and set a price that each will profit from.
Answers
In a competitive market, each seller has limited control over the price of his product because other sellers are offering similar products.
What do you mean by a market that is competitive?
A market is said to be competitive when neither a single consumer nor producer has the ability to shape it.
The supply curve, which depicts a product's quantity, shows how it responds to changes in supply and demand.
What kind of pricing control does a competitive market have?
Markets with monopolies only have one supplier of goods, usually one corporation. So-called monopoly markets are those in which there is only one supplier of a good and that supplier has complete control over the price.
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The Moto Hotel opened for business on May 1, 2017. Here is its trial balance before adjustment on May 31.
MOTO HOTEL
Trial Balance
May 31, 2017
Debit Credit
Cash $ 2,333
Supplies 2,600
Prepaid Insurance 1,800
Land 14,833
Buildings 71,200
Equipment 16,800
Accounts Payable $ 4,533
Unearned Rent Revenue 3,300
Mortgage Payable 37,200
Common Stock 59,833
Rent Revenue 9,000
Salaries and Wages Expense 3,000
Utilities Expense 800
Advertising Expense 500
$113,866 $113,866
Other data:
Insurance expires at the rate of $360 per month.
2. A count of supplies shows $1,150 of unused supplies on May 31.
3. (a) Annual depreciation is $3,600 on the building.
(b) Annual depreciation is $3,000 on equipment.
4. The mortgage interest rate is 5%. (The mortgage was taken out on May 1.)
5. Unearned rent of $2,630 has been earned.
6. Salaries of $750 are accrued and unpaid at May 31.
Journalize the adjusting entries on May 31.
Answers
Okay very school thank s
why personnel management is important to an office?Explain in details.
Answers
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
Personnel management can be defined as the the effective management of the employees in an organisation. The importance of personnel management to an office include:
• Personnel management helps in bringing the gap that exist between the performance of the employees and the objectives of the organisation.
• An efficient personnel management is important as it gives a company and edge over its rivals.
• A good and effective personnel management helps in the creation and the maintenance of a working environment that's harmonious.
What is a franchise business?
Answers
when personal income taxes are subtracted from personal income, what is left is called
Answers
When personal income taxes are subtracted from personal income, what is left is called disposable income.
Personal income in economics refers to a person's overall profits through jobs, businesses that provide investments, and other endeavours. It is the total of all individual or household incomes for a specific time period.
The amount of money that a person or household has available for spending or saving after income taxes have been subtracted is referred to as disposable income (sometimes known as disposable personal income, or DPI). One of the most important economic indicators that economists use to assess the overall health of the economy is disposable personal income.
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The time value of money simply means that the value of cash flows depends on when it happens.
True
False
Answers
Who are the majority of businesses in resort towns targeted to?
O
seniors
O
tourists
O
employees
investors
Answers
The majority of businesses in resort towns target tourists.
Who is the luxury hotel industry's target customer?As you can see, a wide range of people from across all walks of life who are prepared to pay a little extra for the luxury hotel experience makes up the target audience for luxury hotels.
What advantages come from forming and focusing on prospect groups?Overall, specialization is the main advantage of identifying and pursuing niche markets. Finding more wealthy guests who will gush about your hotel will be easier if you can be more precise with your market segmentation.
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Allison would like to find all records that are in stock. In her database, she has a field named "in stock." When the item is in stock, a "yes" appears. What should Allison do?
Conduct a query and set the criteria as =yes.
Conduct a query and set the criteria to >2.
Locate each record and check each one.
Sort the records in ascending order by item number.
Answers
Answer: she should conduct a query and set the criteria to >2
Explanation:
Don’t know this but I tried I am only in 9th grade
firms can organize the sales force in several different ways. the most common form of sales organization in business marketing is the:
Answers
Firms can organize their sales force in various ways depending on their business needs and objectives. The most common form of sales organization in business marketing is the territorial structure.
In this structure, the sales force is divided into geographical territories and each salesperson is responsible for selling the company's products or services within their assigned territory. This structure allows for better customer relationship management and reduces competition between salespeople.
Other forms of sales organization include product-based structure, where salespeople are assigned to sell specific products, and customer-based structure, where salespeople focus on specific customer segments. No matter the structure, effective marketing strategies are crucial to the success of the sales force. Clear communication and alignment between the marketing and sales teams are key to ensuring that the sales force is equipped with the right tools to reach potential customers and drive sales.
Firms can organize their sales force in various ways. The most common form of sales organization in business marketing is the "geographical structure." In this approach, the sales force is organized based on specific regions or territories. Each sales representative is assigned a specific area and is responsible for marketing and selling the company's products or services within that region. This structure allows for efficient allocation of resources, streamlined communication, and a better understanding of local market dynamics, leading to improved marketing strategies and increased sales.
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What index measures price changes received by domestic producers for their output?
a.
consumer price index
c.
implicit GDP price deflator
b.
producer price index
d.
sales price index
Answers
Which journal entry would be made by an accountant for a business for a $1,000 purchase of inventory on 1-August?
A. Inventory Cr 1,000
B. Inventory Dr 1,000
C. Cash Dr 1,000
D. Cash Cr 1,000
Answers
Journal entry would be made by an accountant for a business for a $1,000 purchase of inventory on 1-August Inventory Dr 1,000. Option B
What is a journal entry?Generally, The act of maintaining or creating records of any transactions, whether economic or non-commercial in nature, is referred to as an entry in a journal.
An accounting journal is a record kept by an organization that details the transactions that have taken place and display the debit and credit balances. The entry in the journal may include multiple recordings, each of which may be either a debit or a credit depending on the circumstance.
Each entry in the journal provides information that is pertinent to a single transaction made by a company.
This information includes the date, the amount that will be credited and debited, a short description of the transaction, and the accounts that will be impacted.
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hello , What are three common tools for qualitative research in business and marketing?
Answers
Answer:
they would be in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observation over data
Explanation:
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A travel company sells tours in Costa Rica on its website. Instead of designing the website themselves, the company hired an outside software development company to design, run, and manage the website for them. This is an example of Multiple choice question. accessing capabilities through a collaborative partnership. matching organizational structure to strategy. acquiring capabilities through mergers and acquisitions. internal development.
Answers
On January 2, 2015, Banno Corporation issued $1,500,000 of 10% bonds at 97 due December 31, 2024. Interest on the bonds is payable annually each December 31. The discount on the bonds is also being amortized on a straight-line basis over the 10 years. (Straight-line is not materially different in effect from the preferable "interest method.")The bonds are callable at 101 (i.e., at 101% of face amount), and on January 2, 2020, Banno called $900,000 face amount of the bonds and redeemed them.Ignoring income taxes, compute the amount of loss, if any, to be recognized by Banno as a result of retiring the $900,000 of bonds in 2020. (Round answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 38,548.)Loss on redemption
Answers
Answer:
$22,500
Explanation:
Computation of the amount of loss
Loss on redemption of bonds=[($900,000*101%)+(100%-97%*$900,000/10 years*5years)]-$900,000
Loss on redemption of bonds=[($909,000)+(3%*$900,000/10 years*5 years)]-$900,000
Loss on redemption of bonds=($909,000+$13,500)-$900,000
Loss on redemption of bonds=$922,500-$900,000
Loss on redemption of bonds=$22,500
Note that 1/2/2016 - 1/2/2020 will give us 5 years which means that there are 5 years left making the balance in the discount Account to be $13,500.
Therefore the amount of loss will be $22,500
In may 2007, government offices of _________ were subjected to a mass denial-of-service attack because some people opposed the government’s removal of a russian wwii memorial.
Answers
In may 2007, government offices of Estonia were subjected to a mass denial-of-service attack because some people opposed the government’s removal of a russian wwii memorial.
Municipal offices, courthouses, registry offices, health and welfare centres, employment offices, post offices, and other offices used for local or other government administration are referred to as "government offices." The government appoints the personnel on a permanent basis. It is put in place in a nation to offer security and tranquilly. Involved in the nation's social and economic growth, it offers administrative services to the populace.
Government office an office is a place where a company's personnel carry out administrative tasks to support and achieve the company's objectives.
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While waiting for a customer phone call with two subordinates, imagine that another subordinate walks into the room and exhibits agitated behavior after being unable to find something. The other employees in the room clearly feel uncomfortable as a result of this behavior. What do you say or do
Answers
It is vital to give the right response. People often behave in bizarre or arrogant way. Based on the fact that she is low in emotional intelligence, it is better not to aggravate things but you explain expectations and offer to coach or find solutions.
What is "low in emotional intelligence"?A person who is low in this, is said to be one who does not effectively handles their own emotions and impulses.
Note that the General mental ability is the ability to quickly acquire, process, and apply information.
But in the case above, she does not show effective performance, and this shows that she is low in ability to get, process, and apply information.
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