Pathogenic organisms are microbes that cause diseases in human beings. A pathogen's survival depends on its ability to replicate and survive in a given environment.
Many pathogenic organisms require living hosts as reservoirs to survive.
Living hosts provide a protective environment that allows pathogens to evade the host's immune response and replicate themselves more efficiently.
For instance, pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi thrive in the intestines of living hosts.
In contrast, they cannot survive outside of a host body and must be transmitted to new hosts to perpetuate their survival.
Pathogens also require living hosts to facilitate their transmission to new hosts. For example, influenza viruses require living hosts to reproduce, and transmission occurs when an infected individual sneezes, and droplets containing the virus are inhaled by others who come into contact with them.
Thus, without a living host, transmission of influenza viruses to new hosts would be impossible.
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Pathogenic organisms often require living hosts as a reservoir because they need a live environment to reproduce and survive. Some pathogens may survive in non-living environments temporarily, but most depend on hosts for nutrients and the right environment for their life cycle. Zoonotic diseases may even have more than one living reservoir.
Explanation:Many pathogenic organisms require living hosts as reservoirs to survive due to their biological adaptations and need for a living environment to reproduce and survive. Pathogens, including bacteria, protists, fungi, and other infectious organisms, often depend on their hosts for nutrients and the right environmental conditions for growth and reproduction. For instance, viruses and certain bacteria like Rickettsia and Chlamydia are obligate intracellular pathogens that can grow only when inside a host cell.
However, there are some exceptions where pathogens may have mechanisms of dormancy or resilience allowing them to survive in non-living environments for varying periods of time. For example, Clostridium tetani survives in soil, and certain viruses can persist outside of their host cells for a limited time. In reality, it depends on the type of pathogen and its survival mechanisms.
In a more complex scenario, some pathogens may have more than one living reservoir. This is particularly the case for zoonotic diseases where animals act as reservoirs of human diseases and transmit the infectious agent to humans through direct or indirect contact. Understanding how these pathogens spread is crucial in preventing infectious diseases.
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influenza a: influenza viruses have a segmented genome. why is having a segmented genome an advantage for these viruses?c.hiv: hiv infects cells in the immune system. why is this a disadvantage for the infected person?d.ebola: what animal is associated with ebola virus outbreaks?e.tobacco mosaic virus (tmv): in addition to infecting plants, name 2 characteristics of tmv that none of the other viruses in the click
Segmented genome in influenza viruses helps in genetic recombination. HIV compromises the immune system. Ebola outbreaks are due to fruit bats. TMV can infect both plants and animals.
Influenza: Having a segmented genome is an advantage for influenza viruses because it allows for genetic recombination and adaptation when multiple strains of the virus infect the same host. This makes it more difficult for the host to develop immunity against the virus. HIV: HIV infects cells in the immune system, which compromises the body’s ability to fight off other infections, leaving the infected person vulnerable to other illnesses. Ebola: Ebola virus outbreaks are commonly associated with fruit bats. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV): In addition to infecting plants, TMV is highly stable in the environment and can remain infectious for long periods of time. It is also capable of crossing species barriers, infecting both plants and animals.Learn more about Influenza: https://brainly.com/question/30973530
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What happens during rusting of an iron nail?
Sulfur, iron, and oxygen combine to form iron sulfoxide.
Iron and oxygen combine to form iron oxide.
Iron and sulfur combine to form iron sulfide.
Sulfur and oxygen combine to form a sulfur dioxide coating.
Answer:
The last one. I searched it on goggle
Which statement best distinguishes between genes and chromosomes?
Genes carry all of an organism's genetic information, while chromosomes only carry the genetic information needed for
reproduction.
O Genes are mutated segments of DNA, while chromosomes are protected from mutations.
O Genes are segments of DNA, while chromosomes are made of many genes strung together.
O Genes are long loops of DNA, while chromosomes are short segments of DNA.
O Genes are long loops of DNA, while chromosomes are short segments of DNA.
The statement which best distinguishes between genes and chromosomes is that Genes are segments of DNA, while chromosomes are made of many genes strung together. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.
What are Chromosomes?Chromosomes may be defined as thin, thread-like structures that may appear in the nucleus of the cell during the process of cell division. These structures may contain DNA, RNA, histones, and non-histone proteins. Chromosomes may be discovered by E. Strasburger in 1875.
While genes are made up of sequences of DNA and are arranged, one after another, at specific locations on chromosomes in the nucleus of cells. It is the basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.
Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body. Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is C.
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List two advantages for synthetic fertilizers
Answer:
Cheaper to purchase than organic
Nutrients are concentrated, only small amounts needed
Nutrients are quickly available for plant absorption
Answer:
They're faster acting than organic making them a good choice for aiding plants in severe distress from nutrient deficiencies. These fertilizers, which come as dry, granular pellets or water-soluble products, also provide even, consistent feeding.
16. use a punnett square to predict the offspring in a cross between a tall pea plant (heterozygous) and a tall pea plant (heterozygous). what is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?
A punnet square to predict the offspring is made below and the genotypic ration will be 25% homozygous tall pea plants, 50% heterozygous tall tea plants, and 25% short pea plants.
Suppose that a tall pea plant has the heterozygous genes Tt hence a punnet square will be formed as follows:
T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
According to the punnet square, the genotypic ratio will be 25% homozygous tall pea plants, 50% heterozygous tall tea plants, and 25% short pea plants.
In the scenario above, we know that the dominant allele is the tall one (T) as the heterozygous plants tend to be tall. The effect of the recessive allele is masked by the dominant allele.
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In eukaryotes energy is needed to carry out most of its processes, what is the primary energy source of the cell?
A. ADP
B. Nitrogen
C. ATP
D. C02
What medical conditions do scientists hope botulinum will help? Check all that apply. *
hyperactive muscles
Parkinson’s disease
cerebral palsy
common cold
Answer:
hyperactive muscles
Parkinson’s disease
cerebral palsy
Explanation:
aaag jus truss me
Which choice best relates to and/or describes Wolff's law of bone? Calcium homeostasis of blood B) The amount of blood flow to bone tissue © Influences calcium absorption by the body D The shape of bone is determined by the mechanical stresses placed upo
The best choice relates to wolff law of bones is The amount of blood flow to bone tissue so the correct option is B.
Wolff's law is developed by the German anatomist and the surgeon Julius Wolff in the 19th century, states that all the bone in a all the healthy animal will be adapt to the loads under which it was placed. If loading on that particular bone increases, the bone will be then remodel itself over time to become stronger to resist that sort of all the loading.
Wolff's Law is the idea that all the natural healthy bones that will adapt and change to adapt to the stress that it is subjected to. For example, if the bones are to be subjected to heavier and the heavier loads, they will naturally reconstruct themselves to the accommodate that weight.
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Create scientific observations and questions
Directions:
1. Write down 3 observations about your school, your friends, or society.
2. Write one question about each observation that you would like answered (Three questions total).
Make 3 observations and 3 questions about anything. These are the basics to the scientific method so make sure it is something you can make a hypothesis and experiment on.
As stated earlier, the scientific method works as a manual that guides scientific research. That is, it determines a set of steps or a path that must be followed until the research objectives are achieved.
What is scientific method?The hypothesis used is that the bean plant can grow anywhere if the scientific methods are used. Executing the hypothesis and collecting the data: Four bean plants are planted in identical pots using the same soil.
1. My friends are trustworthy, companionable and funny. my school is good, i learn a lot there and i do sports. society is good, it corrpts people and pressures people to succeed.
2. How do my friends show confidence? how good is school? how does society corrupt people?
3.why is the sky blue? why do birds fly? Why does the moon change phase?
With this information, we can conclude that The scientific method refers to an agglomeration of basic rules of procedures that produce scientific knowledge.
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Energy is transformed, but is never _______, this is known as the law of _______________.
Answer:
created nor destroyed, law of conservation of energy
Explanation:
The condition that results when some bacteria are shed in the bloodstream and distributed to distant parts of the body but do not reproduce in the blood is called
a. erythemia.
b. septicemia.
c. bacteremia.
d. uremia.
The condition that results when some bacteria are shed in the bloodstream and distributed to distant parts of the body but do not reproduce in the blood is called bacteremia.
Bacteremia refers to the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, regardless of whether they are actively multiplying or not. It occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream from an infection site, such as a localized infection or an infected surgical site.
Unlike septicemia, which is characterized by the active proliferation of bacteria in the bloodstream, bacteremia indicates the transient presence of bacteria without causing systemic symptoms. Bacteremia can occur as a result of various factors, including dental procedures, invasive medical procedures, urinary tract infections, or other infections in the body.
Bacteremia itself may not always cause noticeable symptoms or require specific treatment. However, if the immune system is compromised or if the bacteria reach vulnerable sites in the body, such as the heart valves or joints, it can lead to more serious infections or complications. In such cases, appropriate treatment with antibiotics may be necessary.
It is important for healthcare providers to monitor and evaluate patients with bacteremia carefully to determine the source of infection, assess the risk of complications, and provide appropriate management to prevent the progression of infection.
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1. How does the mass of a solar system body affect whether or not it is a dwarf planet.
The amount of mass determines the strength of gravity and the shape of the body.
The amount of mass determines where the body originates.
The amount of mass determines whether or not a body's orbit is clear of other objects.
The amount of mass determines whether or not the body orbits the Sun.
Answer:
The answer will be...
C) The amount of mass determines whether or not a body's orbit is clear of other objects.
Explanation:
A planet's size and mass determines its gravitational pull. A planet's mass and size determines how strong its gravitational pull is.
_ can exist integrated into the bacterial chromosome or as an autonomous plasmid unit in the cytosol.
Bacterial plasmids can either be integrated into the bacterial chromosome or exist as separate units in the cytosol.
Bacterial plasmids are circular, double-stranded DNA molecules that can be found in bacteria. They can exist in two different forms: integrated into the bacterial chromosome or as autonomous plasmid units in the cytosol.
When integrated into the chromosome, the plasmid becomes a part of the bacterial DNA and is replicated along with it during cell division. This integration allows the plasmid to be stably inherited by the bacterial cell and passed on to daughter cells.
On the other hand, autonomous plasmids exist as separate entities in the cytosol. These plasmids replicate independently from the bacterial chromosome and can vary in size and content. They often carry additional genes that can provide advantageous traits to the bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to metabolize specific compounds. The presence of plasmids, whether integrated or autonomous, can significantly impact the behaviour and characteristics of bacteria.
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which uterine contraction strength classification is used when labor is measured at >500 montevideo units (mvus)?
. When labor is measured at a strength greater than 500 Montevideo Units (mVUs), it is considered to be in the active stage. This measurement is used as a standard for determining the strength of contractions during labor as it provides a consistent and objective measure of contractions.
Uterine contractions during labor serve to dilate the cervix and move the baby through the birth canal. Active labor contractions are typically stronger and closer together, and they can cause discomfort or pain for the mother. The intensity and duration of contractions during active labor can vary, and it is important for healthcare providers to monitor these contractions and the progression of labor in order to ensure a safe delivery.In conclusion, the classification of uterine contraction strength is an important aspect of the monitoring and management of labor. A measurement of greater than 500 mVUs is used to determine that labor is in the active stage, and it is a key indicator of the progression of labor towards delivery.
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1. Describe the flow of energy from the sun to a producer, like grass, and then to a consumer, like a rabbit. Type your answer here:
Explanation:
The Sun then provides energy to the grass through the process of photosynthesis. The rabbit eats the grass, and the rabbit absorbs its energy. Finally, the snake eats the rabbit, and it absorbs the rabbit's energy. Energy travels from the Sun and moves through the ecosystem with each consumer along the chain.
Which structure is highlighted?
a) supporting cells
b) scala media
c) tectorial membrane
d) hair (stereocilia)
The structure which is highlighted is the scalia media.
What is the scalia media?The scalia media is one of the three canals found in the cochlea.
The cochlea is a spiral-shaped bone found in the inner whose main function is in hearing and auditory transduction.
The other two canals found in the cochlea are the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli.
The scala media contains the Organ of Corti, which is the receptor organ for hearing.
Considering the attached image, the structure which is highlighted is the scalia media.
In conclusion, the cochlea functions primary in hearing.
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Explain symbiosis and the rationale for your choices in this section. Write down relevant notes regarding your design.
PLS I'LL GIVE BRAINLY
Answer:
Hi there !
Symbiosis is a close association between two organisms in which both of them benefit from the other . Each member is called a symbiont . Examples of such association are
algae and fungus in lichenprotozoa in the intestine of termiteflowers and insects etcHope this helps!
pls give brainliest
Bye :-)
What are the different nutrients used for the body's cells?
Answer:
There are six classes of essential nutrients required for the body to function and maintain overall health. These six classes of essential nutrients are: carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals.
Explanation:
6. which of the following does not have an endosymbiotic origin? a. ribosome b. mitochondria c. chloroplast d. nuclear envelope e. all of the above have endosymbiotic origins
The correct answer is d. nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope does not have an endosymbiotic origin.
The nuclear envelope does not have an endosymbiotic origin. It is formed from the invagination of the cell membrane during the process of nuclear formation, which is distinct from endosymbiosis. On the other hand, the other options (a. ribosome, b. mitochondria, c. chloroplast) do have an endosymbiotic origin. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to have originated from ancient endosymbiotic events where free-living bacteria were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells, eventually leading to a symbiotic relationship. Ribosomes, while not organelles, have an endosymbiotic origin as well, as they are thought to have evolved from ancient free-living bacteria that were engulfed by early cells.In conclusion, while the ribosome, mitochondria, and chloroplast have endosymbiotic origins, the nuclear envelope does not.
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Around 20 000 toness of municipal solid waste (MSW) is produced at the Vunato Disposal Site in Lautoka per annum.
a) If the organic fraction of MSW is 42.5%, estimate the total volume of biogas (in litres) that may be produced from this feedstock.
b) If the same feedstock is used to generate electricity through a gas turbine - powered power plant where the efficiencies of the gas turbine and the generator are 25% and 80% respectively, what is the total electrical energy that can be generated annually. Compare this energy output with the original energy content of the MSW and comment.
Total volume of biogas produced from the feedstock would be 68,00,000 litres. Here, it is given that 20,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW).
And, the organic fraction of MSW is 42.5%.So, the total organic fraction of MSW produced would be:
20,000 × 42.5/100 = 8,500 tonnes
Consequently, the biogas produced from this feedstock would be:
Biogas yield = 0.5 m3/kg of volatile solids degraded
Total volatile solids produced = 8,500 × 0.425 = 3612.5 tonnes
Biogas volume = 0.5 × 3612.5 × 1000 = 18,06,250 m3 ≈ 68,00,000 litres.
Total electrical energy that can be generated annually would be 4.10 × 109 Wh. We have to calculate the total electrical energy that can be generated through a gas turbine-powered power plant where the efficiencies of the gas turbine and the generator are 25% and 80% respectively. The energy content of the organic fraction of the MSW generated is:
E = 22.4 × 106 × 8,500 × 0.425 = 81.5 × 109 Wh
Efficiency of the gas turbine = 25% = 0.25
Efficiency of the generator = 80% = 0.8
Total efficiency = 0.25 × 0.8 = 0.2
Total electrical energy = E × Total efficiency
Total electrical energy = 81.5 × 109 × 0.2 = 16.3 × 109 Wh
= 4.10 × 109 kWh
From this, we can conclude that the total electrical energy that can be generated annually is approximately 20% of the original energy content of MSW. This indicates that there is a significant amount of energy content of MSW that remains untapped, which could be utilized by proper waste management techniques.
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Which RNA base bonds with adenine
Answer:
Three of the four nitrogenous bases that make up RNA — adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) — are also found in DNA. In RNA, however, a base called uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) as the complementary nucleotide to adenine
Explanation:
6) Suppose that a woman who has normal vision, but whose parents are both blind because of aniridia,
consults a genetic counselor. She has unilateral deafness, as does her father. She wants to know what
the chances are (assuming she marries a normal man) that her children will be either deaf in one ear or
blind. What should the counselor tell her?
She should be informed by the counsellor that since deafness is not inherited and both she and her husband have normal vision, there is absolutely no chance that her children will be either blind or deaf in one ear.
Can a son of a colorblind parent inherit the condition?The X chromosome contains the genes that cause color blindness. Yet, a son's (a male offspring) X chromosome does not come from the father but rather from the mother. Hence, even though a father and his son both have color blindness, the son got it from his mother.
Can a normal son or girl be born to two color-blind parents?An X-linked recessive genetic disease called colorblindness exists. No, a colorblind mother cannot give birth to a normal son.
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b. "OK. Let's mix these two chemicals together and see what happens!"
Answer: That's probably not a good idea... :\
Explanation:
What can be done to save our oceans?
Answer:
Explanation:
Review Questions 1.1 How Is Science Different From Other Ways Of Understanding The World? 1.2 How Did The Earliest Biblical Scholars Estimate The Age Of The Earth? 1.3 Who Was J.P. Lamarck And How Did His Ideas Contrast With Those Of Darwin? 1.4 How Did Darwin Arrive At His Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection? 1.5 Why Were Darwin's Ideas Not Immediately
1.1 Science is different from other ways of understanding the world because it uses empirical evidence and logical reasoning to make conclusions and predictions, while other methods often rely on faith or opinion.
1.2 The earliest biblical scholars estimated the age of the earth by adding together the lifespans of the people listed in the bible and assuming the world was created when the first person was born.
1.3 J.P. Lamarck was a French naturalist who believed that species changed over time due to the inheritance of acquired characteristics, while Darwin argued that species changed through natural selection.
1.4 Darwin arrived at his theory of evolution by natural selection by observing the adaptation of animals to their environment, noting the variation in species, and studying fossils.
1.5 Darwin's ideas were not immediately accepted because they contradicted widely-held beliefs about the age of the Earth, the creation of species, and the idea that humans were exempt from natural processes.
1.1 Science is different from other ways of understanding the world because it relies on the scientific method, which involves making observations, forming hypotheses, testing those hypotheses through experimentation, and analyzing the results to draw conclusions. This process allows for a more objective and evidence-based understanding of the world, as opposed to relying on personal beliefs or opinions.
1.2 The earliest Biblical scholars estimated the age of the Earth by using the genealogies provided in the Bible, specifically in the book of Genesis. They added up the ages of the people listed in the genealogies to estimate the time since the creation of the Earth.
1.3 J.P. Lamarck was a French naturalist who proposed the idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, which suggested that organisms could pass on traits that they had acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. This idea contrasted with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, which proposed that organisms with advantageous traits were more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to their offspring.
1.4 Darwin arrived at his theory of evolution by natural selection through years of observation and study, including his famous voyage on the HMS Beagle. He observed the diversity of species and how they were adapted to their environments, and he also studied the fossil record and the similarities and differences between species. These observations led him to develop the idea that species evolved over time through natural selection.
1.5 Darwin's ideas were not immediately accepted because they challenged the prevailing belief at the time that species were created by a divine power and were unchanging. Additionally, his ideas lacked a mechanism for how traits were inherited, which was not understood until the work of Gregor Mendel on genetics was rediscovered in the early 20th century.
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How does water travel to the plant's leaves?
Question 4 options:
Into the leaves, up the stem, and through the stomata
Up the stem, into the roots, into the leaves
In the leaves, up the stem, into the roots
Into the roots, up the stem, and to the leaves
Into the roots, up the stem, and to the leaves
please help bio 3 question
please help bio 3 question
I gotchu!! ^v^The answer is: "aa" If both letters are lowercase then that means the trait is recessive, and since cystic fibrosis is recessive this is your answer.I apologize if i'm wrong // Your're welcome if i'm correct((-Side Note-)): If you don't mind can you pls mark my answer branliest?
Thank you and i hope you have a great day! ^v^In which situation would artificial insemination most likely be used
A. There is a blockage in the fallopian tubes.
OB. A man's testicles have not properly descended, lowering
Oc. A woman's ovaries do not release any eggs.
OD. The mucus that helps the sperm travel to the uterus ist
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Imagine that you are a scientist who has discovered a new object. You want to find out if the object is biotic or abiotic. You observe several characteristics about the new object. Which of these characteristics would tell you that the object is abiotic, or not alive?
questions updated The object has a crystalline structure.
The object has a crystalline structure.
The object responds to stimuli.
The object responds to stimuli.
The object can mutate.
The object can mutate.
The object cannot create energy
The characteristics that would tell one that the object is abiotic, or not alive is that object responds to stimuli.
WHAT IS A LIVING THING?A living thing is any organism that possess life as depicted by the exhibition of certain characteristics.
The characteristics of living organisms are as follows:
Ability to reproduce i.e. make copies of itselfAbility to respire Ability to respond to stimuli i.e. irritabilityAbility to increase in size i.e. growthAbility to excrete waste products.According to this question, a scientist who has discovered a new object wants to find out if the object is biotic (living) or abiotic (non-living).
Therefore, the characteristics that would tell one that the object is abiotic, or not alive is that object responds to stimuli.
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Describe and explain the result found by centrifuging a mixture of DNA from gen 0 and 2. (2)
DNA from generations 0 and 2 can be separated based on size and density by centrifuging a combination of the two.
Depending on their size and density, the DNA fragments will move towards the bottom of the tube during centrifugation at various rates. The smaller, less dense fragments will settle at the tube's bottom after the larger, denser fragments. As a result, based on their size and density, the DNA fragments from generation 2 will be distinguished from the fragments from generation 0. The genetic mechanisms underlying these changes in DNA over successive generations, such as mutations and size variations, can be understood using this distinction.
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