Which statement can be used to explain how the first law of thermodynamics relates to biological systems? Energy moves in and out of biological systems and is transformed from one type to another, but no energy is destroyed or created in the process. In any biological system, the total energy includes the usable energy that can do work and the unusable energy that is lost to disorder. Biological systems must take in energy from the surroundings to be able to build complex molecules from smaller precursor molecules. In a biological system, free energy continually decreases with repeated energy transformations. The amount of energy that a biological system has available to do work is always less than the original amount of energy taken in by the system from its surroundings.

Answer: Positive and Negative

Explanation: As these early farmers became better at cultivating food, they may have produced surplus seeds and crops that required storage. This would have both spurred population growth because of more consistent food availability and required a more settled way of life with the need to store seeds and tend crops.

Answer:single path the last one I think cuz it can only move up

Explanation:

Answer:

Ig , second, third, and fourth,

Explanation:

hope u got it correct

Answer:

a diploid spores that undergo mitosis.

Explanation:

Answer:

Photosynthesis

Explanation:

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted to glucose during the Calvin-Benson cycle. This requires the overall reduction of CO2, using the electrons available from the oxidation of NADPH. Thus the dark reactions represent a redox pathway. NADPH is oxidized to NADP+ and CO2 is reduced to glucose.

Phosphorylation of a protein can change its behavior in all of these ways EXCEPT it can initiate protein synthesis.

Phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification that involves the addition of a phosphate group to a protein, usually on a serine, threonine, or tyrosine residue. This modification can alter the protein's activity, localization, stability, and interaction with other proteins. Phosphorylation can activate or inactivate an enzyme, change the conformation of a protein, and signal for the protein's degradation. It can also facilitate the protein's movement from one cell compartment to another by exposing a signal sequence or changing its affinity for a membrane or scaffold protein. However, phosphorylation does not initiate protein synthesis, which is the process of translating mRNA into a polypeptide chain on a ribosome.

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Answer:

1. Supplying

2. Taking

Explanation:

Food chain is a linear relationship between organisms that depicts the flow of energy from one organism to another. In a food chain, organisms are arranged in trophic levels where arrows pointing to the right direction (➡) are used to show that the organim the arrow is pointing to eats the organism behind it.

Hence, according to this question, arrows in a food chain point from the organism SUPPLYING the energy to the organism TAKING the energy.

When hair gets wet, the hydrogen bonds between keratin molecules in the hair are broken. These bonds are weak and temporary, but they help to maintain the shape and structure of the hair.

Other types of bonds between keratin molecules, such as disulfide bonds and salt bonds, are not typically affected by water. Disulfide bonds are strong and permanent, and they give hair its strength and elasticity. Salt bonds are also relatively strong, and they help to maintain the shape of the hair.

However, both types of bonds can be broken down by chemical treatments, such as hair relaxers or perms. In contrast, the hydrogen bonds broken by water can be re-formed when the hair dries, which is why hair often returns to its original shape after it has been wet.

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The complete question is:

What types of keratin links or bridges are altered when hair gets wet?

Those who lack the recessive gene for tongue rolling are unable to roll their tongues.

Lack of certain vitamins, such as vitamin B, iron, niacin, and riboflavin, can result in a scalloped tongue. Smoking not only makes the body more prone to inflammation, but it also makes dehydration more likely. Those who lack the recessive gene for tongue rolling are unable to roll their tongues. Unlike his mother, Bob is able to roll his tongue. Sally, his wife, is unable to roll her tongue.

Humans have a dominant genetic feature called tongue curling. Let's say a man who has the characteristic Tt for tongue-curling marries a lady who has the same trait.

To put it another way, the ability to roll your tongue depends on whether you have one or two copies of the dominant "tongue rolling gene" (R) allele. Therefore, you would not be able to roll your tongue if you inherited two copies of the recessive "tongue rolling gene" (r) allele.

The complete question is:

Some people can curl their tongues. What evidence would support the hypothesis that tongue curling is an inherited trait?

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Courts do not accept a polygraph as evidence. Here option D is the correct answer.

Polygraph tests, also known as lie detector tests, are not generally accepted as evidence in court. This is because their results are not considered to be sufficiently reliable. Polygraphs measure physiological responses such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, which are believed to indicate whether someone is telling the truth or lying.

However, these responses can also be triggered by other factors, such as anxiety or stress, and the accuracy of the results can be influenced by a range of factors such as the examiner's training and the setting of the test.

Furthermore, the use of polygraphs in court can be controversial due to concerns about the potential for misuse or abuse. The results of polygraph tests can be influenced by the wording of the questions asked, and there is a risk that the results could be manipulated or misinterpreted to support a particular agenda.

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Complete question:

Which of the following is not accepted by the courts as evidence?

A) Thermal imaging

B) Fingerprints

C) DNA

D) A polygraph

Answer:

this is the answer hope it helps

Answer:

Hydrogen is a gas.

Explanation:

Hydrogen is a gas, thus it is not a solid object. All other non-metals are able to be touched since they are solid.

In plants, the diploid, multicellular organism is the sporophyte. A sporophyte is a multicellular, diploid stage that produces spores by meiosis, and these spores develop into gametophytes.

The sporophyte stage of a plant's life cycle is the one that grows via mitosis, and it is the one that most people think of when they think of plants. The gametophyte stage of a plant's life cycle is haploid, and it produces gametes through mitosis rather than meiosis. The gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote, which grows into a sporophyte. The sporophyte stage of the life cycle is thus multicellular and diploid.

Plants have a unique life cycle in which they alternate between two multicellular life stages. The first stage is haploid and is called the gametophyte. The second stage is diploid and is called the sporophyte. In flowering plants, the sporophyte stage is the dominant stage and is what most people think of when they think of a plant. The gametophyte stage, which is much smaller and usually takes the form of pollen or ovules, is what allows flowering plants to reproduce sexually.

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Answer:

What does it say? I can't read it well

Explanation:

Sodium and chloride are the predominant electrolytes in the extracellular fluid are True.

Electrolytes are chemicals that separate from one another in solution and can carry an electrical current. Both the extracellular fluid and the intracellular fluid include these chemicals.

The main cation and anion in extracellular fluid, respectively, are sodium and chloride. In the intracellular fluid, potassium is the main cation. These electrolytes are crucial for preserving homeostasis.

Fluids found outside of cells are referred to as extracellular fluids (ECF). Sodium is the electrolyte that is most prevalent in extracellular fluid. To manage the flow of water into and out of the extracellular space due to osmosis, the body regulates sodium levels.

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Answer:

The Earth rotating on its axis

Answer:

c

Explanation:

option number c the earth rotating on its axis is the correct answer

hope this answer will help you

Scientists have very little knowledge about the Precambrian eon because there are very few fossils from that time.

The Eon in the Precambrian means "before the Cambrian era." It is used to define the entire period of the Earth's history which existed before the discovery of the oldest rocks which have identifiable fossils in them.

The organisms which existed during the Pre-Cambrian eon were basically soft-bodied and therefore there very few animals of that time which had bones, skeletons, or hard shells and so an existence of very less number of fossils have been found from that time. The time period was so long ago that the natural activity on earth like subduction of continental plates, volcanic action, erosion, etc. washed out the most of what was then the Earth's crust.

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The two antimicrobial agents that meet all critical requirements for a surgical prep are: c. CHG (chlorhexidine gluconate) and povidone-iodine.

These agents have been commonly used in surgical preps due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, persistent effect, and compatibility with the skin. Both CHG and povidone-iodine have demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They are effective in reducing the risk of surgical site infections when used as part of the preoperative preparation process.

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The five evidences that support the theory of evolution are: Fossils, Anatomy, Embryology, Molecular Biology (or Biochemistry), and Biogeography.

Fossils show the physical change in a species over time, suggesting evidence for evolution. For an example, we can trace the origins of dolphins and whales all the way to a four-legged, dog-like hoofed mammal from about 50 mya. These mammals were fish eaters and so decided to spend a lot of time in the water. In fact, they spent so much time in the water, that in a few million years, they evolved a longer body and webbed feet. Then another few million years passed and they swapped their webbed feet for flippers and swapped their tail of a fin. Eventually, we get a fish-like mammal that once walked on land.

For anatomy, or structures, there's three types of structure comparisons: Homologous structures, Vestigial structures, and Analogous structures (or Convergent Evolution). Homologous structures show similarities between the structures between species, but serve different purposes. For an example, all mammals share common features within their arms, such as having 5 fingers. However, they serve different purposes, from whale fins for swimming, to bat wings for flying, to human hands for grabbing and for using tools.

Vestigial structures were structures that once served a purpose and have been reduced in size/power to the point where it's useless. For an example, large theropods such as the T. Rex spent so much time evolving more jaw muscles and biting power, that they sacrificed their arm muscles for such power. This explains why their arms were so short.

Another example would be ratites, flightless birds such as ostriches, emus, and cassowaries (penguins and kakapos are from a different group). They spent so much time evolving powerful legs as well as evolving in size, that there was no need to fly when they could just run with their improved legs. And also the fact that they're too heavy to even fly anyways.

Analogous structures is the similar functions of structures between species, but have separately evolved these functions. For an example, the wings from insects, birds, bats, and pterosaurs are very similar in shape and can be used to fly, but they've evolved separately. For an example, birds use feathers to fly while bats and pterosaurs use/used (pterosaurs are extinct) membrane between their bones to fly. Although they do have strikingly similar evolutionary histories, with their ancestors starting off as tree dwellers, they've evolved their flight abilities separately during different earth periods.

Embryology is evidence for evolution by using embryos from different species to suggest a common ancestor. For an example, we can prove that we're more related to whales than to fish by using embryos. The fish embryo will evolve gills while the embryos of humans and whales will not, since we do not breath by extracting oxygen from water.

Molecular biology is a more recent way of providing evidence for evolution. By taking the DNA from cells from different species, we can get an estimate of how related one species is to another. The more similar amino acid sequences are between species, the more recent their common ancestor is. For an example, by comparing amino acid sequences between humans and chimpanzees, we get an estimated amount that we once shared a common ancestor seven million years ago. Without molecular biology, we would still be digging for fossils to find that number.

Biogeography is the geographic distribution of species on earth that can be explained by evolution. For an example, we can tell that Australia separated first from Pangea rather than Asia or North America since Australia doesn't have bears while the Asia and North America do, with China having pandas and North America having brown and black bears. And also with the fact that Australia is the only continent with monotremes (egg-laying mammals like the platypus).

Similar to biogeography, there's also direct observation, which is evolution that has happened in our own eyes. An example would be the underground London mosquito. Mosquitoes usually target birds like pigeons. But after an underground tunnel was built in London, some mosquitoes managed to get inside and instead of birds, they targeted, mice, rats, and of course, humans. After only a few hundred years, a mosquito from the underground tried to mate with another mosquito from land and they could not, simply because they were different species. This shows that their new choice of feeding on mammalian blood has actually altered their DNA and created a new species, during the existence of humanity!

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that work with the sympathetic nervous system to cause the fight or flight response is the adrenal gland.

Here, correct option is A.

This gland sits atop the kidneys and is composed of two distinct parts: the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex. The adrenal medulla is responsible for producing hormones such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, which are essential for the fight or flight response.

These hormones prepare the body for action by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate; by shunting blood away from the digestive system and towards the muscles; and by releasing glucose into the bloodstream to provide energy for vigorous activity.

Here, correct option is A.

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complete question is :

Which of these endocrine glands produce hormones that work with the sympathetic nervous system and cause the fight or flight response?

A. adrenal gland

B. thyroid gland

C. pituitary gland

D. none

For a DNA sequence of length n, where each position can be occupied by one of the four nucleotides (adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T)), the total number of possible sequences can be calculated by considering the number of choices at each position. The number of DNA sequences of length n is \(4^n\).

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions necessary for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. It is a long, double-stranded helical structure composed of repeating units called nucleotides.

Since each position can have four possible nucleotides (A, C, G, or T), the total number of DNA sequences of length n can be obtained by multiplying the number of choices at each position.

In other words, for each position in the DNA sequence, there are four options, and since there are n positions in total, the total number of possible DNA sequences is \(4^n\). Therefore, the number of DNA sequences of length n is \(4^n\).

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Answer:

its A

Explanation:

i think thats not sure

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Activator proteins are DNA-binding proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences adjacent to the gene that they regulate. These sequences are referred to as activator binding sites.Activator proteins are transcription factors that regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences and recruiting RNA polymerase to the gene promoter.

These DNA sequences are usually located upstream of the transcription start site and are referred to as enhancers or activator binding sites. Activator binding sites are characterized by a consensus sequence that binds to the DNA-binding domain of the activator protein. Once the activator protein is bound to the enhancer or activator binding site, it can interact with other proteins in the transcriptional machinery to enhance or activate gene expression. Overall, activator proteins play an essential role in regulating gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences and recruiting RNA polymerase to the promoter region of the target gene.

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Problems in ecosystem due to road salt are flooding, damage to plant life, water pollution and accidents.

An ecosystem is a region where a bubble of life is created by plants, animals, and other species working together with the weather and topography. Ecosystems are made up of both biotic, or living, and abiotic, or non-living, components.

The cause of the problem is floods caused by excessive ice and snow melting, damage to local plants caused content of salt in the soil, animals that lick salt are prone to accidents, significant increases in soil erosion rates influence the water quality of streams and rivers.

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The population of beetles in the next three generations, considering the carrying capacity, is y1 = 130 beetles, y2 = 130 beetles, and y3 = 130 beetles.

The population of beetles can be calculated using the formula: y = y0 * (1 + r)^n, where y is the population at a given generation, y0 is the initial population, r is the intrinsic growth rate (expressed as a decimal), and n is the number of generations.

Given that the initial population (y0) is 60 beetles and the intrinsic growth rate (r) is 150% (or 1.5), we can calculate the population for the next three generations.

For the first generation (y1), we substitute y0 = 60, r = 1.5, and n = 1 into the formula: y1 = 60 * (1 + 1.5)^1 = 60 * 2.5 = 150 beetles.

For the second generation (y2), we substitute y0 = 60, r = 1.5, and n = 2 into the formula: y2 = 60 * (1 + 1.5)^2 = 60 * 6.25 = 375 beetles.

For the third generation (y3), we substitute y0 = 60, r = 1.5, and n = 3 into the formula: y3 = 60 * (1 + 1.5)^3 = 60 * 15.625 = 937.5 beetles.

However, since the environment can only sustain a maximum population of 130 beetles, we need to consider the carrying capacity.

To find the population at each generation while considering the carrying capacity, we compare the calculated population with the carrying capacity and use the smaller value as the population.

For y1, the population is 150 beetles, which exceeds the carrying capacity of 130 beetles. Therefore, y1 = 130 beetles.

For y2, the calculated population is 375 beetles, which is also above the carrying capacity. Thus, y2 = 130 beetles.

For y3, the calculated population is 937.5 beetles, which is still above the carrying capacity. Therefore, y3 = 130 beetles.

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Answer:

Metaphase

Explanation:

Metaphase, which is the stage between Prophase and Anaphase, is when the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, where their centromeres are attached to the spindle.

Answer:

Metaphase

Explanation:

Metaphase, which is the stage between Prophase and Anaphase, is when the chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell, where their centromeres are attached to the spindle.

Insertions and deletions usually do more harm than replacements that change only one amino acid because they generate a frameshift that alters the interpretation of codons after them.

The disruption of a DNA sequence's triplet reading frame due to an insertion or deletion involving base pairs that are not multiples of three.

This only affects one amino acid, since they create a frame-shift that alters the reading of succeeding codons and, consequently, changes the entire amino acid sequence that follows the mutation.

Therefore, insertions and deletions typically do more damage than substitutions.

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Answer:

true

Explanation: