Answer:The first recorded zero appeared in Mesopotamia around 3 B.C. The Mayans invented it independently circa 4 A.D. It was later devised in India in the mid-fifth century, spread to Cambodia near the end of the seventh century, and into China and the Islamic countries at the end of the eighth.
Explanation:
The Mayans
Explanation:
It might seem like an obvious piece of any numerical system, but the zero is a surprisingly recent development in human history. In fact, this ubiquitous symbol for “nothing” didn’t even find its way to Europe until as late as the 12th century. Zero’s origins most likely date back to the “fertile crescent” of ancient Mesopotamia. Sumerian scribes used spaces to denote absences in number columns as early as 4,000 years ago, but the first recorded use of a zero-like symbol dates to sometime around the third century B.C. in ancient Babylon. The Babylonians employed a number system based around values of 60, and they developed a specific sign—two small wedges—to differentiate between magnitudes in the same way that modern decimal-based systems use zeros to distinguish between tenths, hundreds, and thousandths. A similar type of symbol cropped up independently in the Americas sometime around 350 A.D., when the Mayans began using a zero marker in their calendars.
These early counting systems only saw the zero as a placeholder—not a number with its own unique value or properties. A full grasp of zero’s importance would not arrive until the seventh century A.D. in India. There, the mathematician Brahmagupta and others used small dots under numbers to show a zero placeholder, but they also viewed the zero as having a null value, called “sunya.” Brahmagupta was also the first to show that subtracting a number from itself results in zero. From India, the zero made its way to China and back to the Middle East, where it was taken up by the mathematician Mohammed ibn Musa al Khwarizmi around 773. It was al-Khowarizmi who first synthesized Indian arithmetic and showed how the zero could function in algebraic equations, and by the ninth century, the zero had entered the Arabic numeral system in a form resembling the oval shape we use today.
The zero continued to migrate for another few centuries before finally reaching Europe sometime around the 1100s. Thinkers like the Italian mathematician Fibonacci helped introduce zero to the mainstream, and it later figured prominently in the work of Rene Descartes along with Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz’s invention of calculus. Since then, the concept of “nothing” has continued to play a role in the development of everything from physics and economics to engineering and computing.
Hope it Helps and PLEASE DO NOT FORGET TO RATE-ME DOWN BELOW!You are an engineer who must calculate the stress on a steel rod of cross-section area 0.05 m2 under a force of 500 n. the rod is rated for a maximum of 12,000 n/m2 of stress before breaking. what is the stress on the rod? will the rod break?
The stress on the steel rod is 10,000 N/m².The rod will not break since the stress (10,000 N/m²) is below the maximum limit of 12,000 N/m².The rod is within the safe stress range and will not exceed its breaking point.
What is the stress on the rod, and will it break?To calculate the stress on the steel rod, we use the formula: Stress = Force/Area. Given that the force acting on the rod is 500 N and the cross-sectional area is 0.05 m², we can substitute these values into the formula: Stress = 500 N / 0.05 m² = 10,000 N/m².
Comparing this stress value to the maximum stress rating of the rod, which is 12,000 N/m², we see that the calculated stress (10,000 N/m²) is below the maximum limit. Therefore, the rod will not break under the given force.
It is important to ensure that the stress on a structural component remains within its safe operating limits to prevent failure or damage. In this case, the stress on the rod is well below the maximum limit, indicating that the rod can withstand the applied force without breaking.
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Who deals with the cosmos order?
Answer: Cosmology
Explanation:
What is the net force acting on a 53kg object that has a velocity of 14m/s and is moving in a circle of radius 1.7m? *
The net force acting on the 53 kg object moving in a circle with a radius of 1.7 m and a velocity of 14 m/s is approximately 6109.37 N directed towards the center of the circle.
The net force acting on an object moving in a circle is called centripetal force. It is directed towards the center of the circle and is responsible for keeping the object in circular motion. To calculate the centripetal force, we use the formula:
F_c = m * a_c,
where F_c is the centripetal force, m is the mass of the object, and a_c is the centripetal acceleration. The centripetal acceleration can be calculated using the formula:
a_c = v^2 / r,
where v is the velocity of the object, and r is the radius of the circle.
Given the mass (m) of the object as 53 kg, the velocity (v) as 14 m/s, and the radius (r) of the circle as 1.7 m, we can calculate the centripetal acceleration:
a_c = (14 m/s)^2 / 1.7 m = 196 m^2/s^2 / 1.7 m = 115.29 m/s^2.
Now we can find the centripetal force:
F_c = 53 kg * 115.29 m/s^2 = 6109.37 N.
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Generally, what happens to the energy from the sun once it passes into the Earth’s atmosphere?
When solar energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, it undergoes reflection, scattering, absorption, and transmission. Some energy is reflected back into space, some is scattered, and some is absorbed by atmospheric constituents. The absorbed energy heats the atmosphere and drives atmospheric processes, while the transmitted energy reaches the Earth's surface and contributes to heating the land, oceans, and lower atmosphere.
When solar energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, several processes occur that determine how the energy is distributed and absorbed. Here's an overview of what happens to the energy from the sun once it passes into the Earth's atmosphere:
1. Reflection: A portion of the incoming solar radiation is reflected back into space by clouds, atmospheric particles (aerosols), and the Earth's surface. The reflectivity, or albedo, of different surfaces and atmospheric components determines how much energy is reflected.
2. Scattering: The atmosphere contains molecules and particles that scatter the incoming solar radiation in different directions. This scattering is responsible for the blue color of the sky during the day. While scattering redistributes the energy, it does not change its overall amount.
3. Absorption: Various atmospheric constituents, such as water vapor, ozone, and greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, absorb specific wavelengths of solar radiation. This absorption leads to an increase in the internal energy of the molecules, heating the atmosphere.
4. Transmission: Some solar energy passes through the atmosphere without being absorbed or scattered. This energy reaches the Earth's surface and can be absorbed by land, water, and vegetation.
The distribution of energy absorption and heating within the atmosphere and at the Earth's surface is influenced by factors such as solar zenith angle (the angle between the sun and the observer's vertical axis), cloud cover, and the composition of the atmosphere.
The absorbed solar energy plays a crucial role in driving atmospheric processes, including the formation of weather systems, circulation patterns, and the hydrological cycle. At the Earth's surface, the absorbed energy contributes to heating the land, oceans, and the lower atmosphere. This absorbed energy is eventually released back into the atmosphere through processes like evaporation, conduction, and convection, influencing weather patterns and climate.
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If the falling time of an object is doubled, by what factor does the distance increase?
Answer:
length
Explanation:
If the falling time of an object is doubled, it will then that means that the length is doubled
2. The speed of a wave is 65 m/sec. If the wavelength of the wave is 0.8 meters, what
is the frequency of the wave? How long did it take the wave to travel 225 meters?
It took the wave approximately 3.46 seconds to travel a distance of 225 meters.
To find the frequency of a wave when given the speed and wavelength, we can use the formula:
frequency = speed / wavelength
Substituting the given values into the formula, we get:
frequency = 65 m/s / 0.8 m
frequency = 81.25 Hz
Therefore, the frequency of the wave is 81.25 Hz.
To calculate the time it took for the wave to travel a distance of 225 meters, we can use the formula:
time = distance / speed
Substituting the given values into the formula, we get:
time = 225 m / 65 m/s
time = 3.46 s (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, it took the wave approximately 3.46 seconds to travel a distance of 225 meters.
It's important to note that the formulas used assume that the wave is traveling in a uniform medium without any dispersion or other factors that could affect its speed or behavior. In reality, waves can encounter various phenomena that may alter their characteristics.
However, for the purpose of this calculation, we have assumed a simplified scenario where the wave travels at a constant speed and exhibits a single wavelength.
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Calculate the thermal conductivity of argon (CV,m = 12.5 J·K−1·mol−1, σ = 0.36 nm2) at 298 K.
Therefore, the thermal conductivity of argon (CV,m = 12.5 J·K−1·mol−1, σ = 0.36 nm2) at 298 K is 137.7 mW/(m·K).
The thermal conductivity (λ) of a gas can be estimated by the kinetic theory of gases using the equation:λ = 1/3 × Cv, m × vλ = thermal conductivity Cv,m = heat capacity at constant volume v = average speed of the molecules
The equation to calculate the average speed of the molecules: v = √((8 × R × T) / (π × M))
Where, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and M is the molar mass of the gas. Here, we have to calculate the thermal conductivity of argon (CV,m = 12.5 J·K−1·mol−1, σ = 0.36 nm2) at 298 K.
So, let's plug in the values. v = √((8 × R × T) / (π × M))√((8 × 8.314 × 298) / (π × 0.04)) = 330.9 m/sλ = 1/3 × Cv,m × vλ = 1/3 × 12.5 × 330.9λ = 137.7 mW/(m·K)
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A muon is traveling at 0.996 c. What is its momentum? (The mass of such a muon at rest in the laboratory is 207 times the electron mass.)
p= _____ kg m/s
The momentum of a muon traveling at 0.996 c is approximately 5.921 x 10⁻²² kg m/s.
the momentum of a muon traveling at 0.996 c, we'll use the relativistic momentum formula:
p = (m × v) / sqrt(1 - (v² / c²))
Here, m is the mass of the muon, v is its velocity, and c is the speed of light (approximately 3 x 10⁸ m/s).
Given that the muon's mass at rest is 207 times the electron mass, we can calculate its mass:
muon mass = 207 electron mass = 207 × 9.109 x 10⁻³¹ kg ≈ 1.887 x 10⁻²⁸ kg
Now, we'll plug in the values for the muon's mass (m), velocity (0.996 c), and the speed of light (c) into the relativistic momentum formula:
p = (1.887 x 10⁻²⁸kg × 0.996× 3 x 10⁸ m/s) / √(1 - (0.996)²)
p ≈ 5.921 x 10⁻²² kg m/s
So the momentum of the muon traveling at 0.996 c is approximately 5.921 x 10⁻²² kg m/s.
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find α , the angular acceleration of the wheel, which results from f⃗ pulling the string to the left. use the standard convention that counterclockwise angular accelerations are positive.
We can determine the angular acceleration of the wheel given the magnitude of the force f⃗ and the perpendicular distance d from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force, as well as the moment of inertia of the wheel.
To determine the angular acceleration of a wheel, we need to consider the forces acting on it. In this case, we have a force f⃗ pulling the string to the left, which causes the wheel to rotate in a counterclockwise direction.
We can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the net force acting on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration, to relate the force to the resulting angular acceleration of the wheel.
Specifically, we can apply the rotational version of Newton's second law, which states that the net torque acting on an object is equal to its moment of inertia times its angular acceleration.
The moment of inertia is a property of the wheel that depends on its mass distribution and shape. Without knowing the specifics of the wheel in question, we cannot determine its moment of inertia. However, we can use the torque equation to relate the force and angular acceleration.
The torque due to the force f⃗ is equal to the magnitude of the force times the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force. Let's assume this distance is d. Then, the torque is given by:
τ = |f⃗| * d
Using the rotational version of Newton's second law, we have:
τ = I * α
where I is the moment of inertia of the wheel and α is the angular acceleration. Combining these equations, we can solve for α:
α = τ / I = (|f⃗| * d) / I
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^85 Sr is a short-lived (half-life 65 days) isotope used in bone scans. A typical patient receives a dose of ^85 Sr with an activity of 0.10 mCi. If all of the ^85 Sr is retained by the body, what will be its activity in the patient's body after one year has passed? answer in muCi
The activity of ^85Sr in the patient's body after one year has passed is 0.000156 muCi.
The decay of ^85Sr is exponential, so we can use the equation:
A(t) = A(0) * e^(-λt)
where A(t) is the activity at time t, A(0) is the initial activity, λ is the decay constant, and t is the time elapsed.
The decay constant can be calculated using the half-life:
t(1/2) = ln(2)/λ
λ = ln(2)/t(1/2) = ln(2)/65 days
A(0) = 0.10 mCi
After one year has passed (365 days), the time elapsed is:
t = 365 days
Plugging in the values:
A(t) = A(0) * e^(-λt) = 0.10 mCi * e^(-(ln(2)/65 days) * 365 days) = 0.000156 muCi
Therefore, the activity of ^85Sr in the patient's body after one year has passed is 0.000156 muCi.
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If a strong wind blowing from the west to the east breaks a window in the north wall of a house, most of the glass will fall outside the house. upward. inside the house.
In general, broken glass from a window will tend to fall inside a house rather than outside, especially during windy conditions.
When a strong wind blowing from the west to the east breaks a window in the north wall of a house, most of the glass will fall inside the house. This is because the wind creates a low-pressure area outside the house, and the high-pressure air inside the house rushes out through the broken window, carrying the glass fragments with it.
The low-pressure area outside the house also causes air to rush in from all directions, including from below, which further enhances the upward flow of air and the movement of glass fragments into the house.
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a woman stands on a scale in a moving elevator. her mass is 66.0 kg, and the combined mass of the elevator and scale is an additional 784 kg. starting from rest, the elevator accelerates upward. during the acceleration, the hoisting cable applies a force of 9030 n. what does the scale read (in n) during the acceleration?
The scale will read 8,996 N during the acceleration.
The force applied to the woman by the scale is the sum of her weight and the weight of the elevator and scale (66.0 kg + 784 kg = 850.0 kg). This can be calculated using the equation
Force = Mass x Acceleration (F = ma).
The acceleration is given by the force applied (9030 N) divided by the total mass (850.0 kg), which gives a result of 10.6 m/s2.
We then multiply this acceleration by the mass of the woman (66.0 kg) to get the force applied to the woman by the scale, which is 696 N.
We then add this to the weight of the elevator and scale (784 kg) to get the total force that the scale reads, which is 8,996 N.
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Gianna is conducting an experiment. She would like to know what will happen if she removes the roots from a plant. She removes the roots from a plant and observes the plant for three days. For the experiment Gianna is conducting, what hypothesis would be supported by the outcome of her experiment?
If I remove the roots from a plant, it will die because it will have no way to absorb water and nutrients. If I remove the roots from a plant, it will not die because it can absorb food through the leaves. If I remove the roots from a plant, it will need to receive more sunlight to receive food. If I remove the roots from a plant, the chlorophyll in the leaves will increase and save the plant
The hypothesis that would be supported by the outcome of Gianna's experiment is "If I remove the roots from a plant, it will die because it will have no way to absorb water and nutrients."
This is because the roots of a plant are essential for the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. Without the roots, the plant will not be able to receive the necessary nutrients and water it needs to survive, leading to its eventual death.
Therefore, the hypothesis that states that the removal of the roots will result in the death of the plant is the one that would be supported by the outcome of Gianna's experiment.
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A car has a constant acceleration of 5.6 m/s^2, it starts from test and reaches a speed of 280m/s, find the distance travelled by the car
Initial speed (u) = 0 m/s (Starts from rest)
Final speed (v) = 280 m/s
Acceleration (a) = 5.6 m/s²
By using equation of motion, we get:
\( \bf \longrightarrow {v}^{2} = {u}^{2} + 2as \\ \\ \rm \longrightarrow {280}^{2} = {0}^{2} + 2 \times 5.6 \times s \\ \\ \rm \longrightarrow 78400 = 11.2s \\ \\ \rm \longrightarrow 11.2s = 78400 \\ \\ \rm \longrightarrow s = \dfrac{78400}{11.2} \\ \\ \rm \longrightarrow s = 7000 \: m \\ \\ \rm \longrightarrow s = 7 \: km\)
\( \therefore \) Distance travelled by the car (s) = 7 km
Write a hypothesis about how the mass of the cylinder affects the temperature of the water. Use the “if”… then .. because… “format and be sure to answer the lesso: “How is potential energy converted to thermal energy in a system?”
If the mass of the cylinder decreases, the temperature of the water decreases, because lesser the mass means the cylinder has less potential energy that can be converted to thermal energy, decreasing the temperature of the water.
What is potential energy?Potential energy is a form of stored energy that is dependent on the relationship between different system components. When a spring is compressed or stretched, its potential energy increases. If a steel ball is raised above the ground as opposed to falling to the ground, it has more potential energy.
The temperature of the water falls as the cylinder's mass drops because a smaller cylinder has less potential energy that can be converted to thermal energy, which lowers the temperature of the water.
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Thirty-five (35.0) mL of ozone (O3) is stored at a temperature of 285 K and a pressure of 150.0 Pa. If the pressure is decreased to 125 Pa, what will be the new temperature?
Answer:
Temperature T2 = 237.5 K
Explanation:
Given:
Volume = 35 ml
T1 = 285 k
P1 = 150 pa
P2 = 125 pa
Find:
Temperature T2
Computation:
P1V/T1 = P2V/T2
150(35) / 285 = 125(35) / T2
Temperature T2 = 237.5 K
Newtons second law of motion can be algebraically rearranged to solve for acceleration (a) producing?
A) a=F*m
B) a= F/m
C) a= m/F
D) a= 1/ F*m
Here we are required to determine how the Newtons second law of motion can be algebraically rearranged to solve for acceleration (a).
The correct answer is Choice B: a = F/m
Newton's second law of motion states that the force applied is directly proportional to the rate of change in momentum of the body.
i.e
F = (mv - mu)/tF = m (v - u)/twhere (v - u)/t = acceleration, (a)
Therefore, F = ma.
By rearranging; i.e solving for acceleration, (a);
we divide both sides by mass, m
we have;
a = F/m
The algebraic rearrangement to solve for acceleration, (a) is therefore;
a = F/m
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Fossils that can be used to date rocks are known as_?
Question 1 options:
old fossils
discovery fossils
index fossils
sedimentary fossils
Answer:
index fossil
Explanation:
why does warm, moist air start to uplift in the initial stages of thunderstorm development?'
Warm, moist air starts to uplift in the initial stages of thunderstorm development because of a combination of different lift mechanisms.
One of these is convective lift, which occurs when warmer air rises due to its buoyancy. This is because warm air is less dense than cooler air, and so it is more easily displaced by the cooler air. Another lift mechanism is orographic lift, which is the result of air being forced to rise as it moves over a mountain or hill. Finally, frontal lift occurs when a cold front moves into an area of warm, moist air, forcing it to rise. All of these lift mechanisms can combine to cause warm, moist air to be lifted and form a thunderstorm.
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draw a figure of a simple pendulum explain its amplitude and effective length ?
Answer:
Explanation:
A simple pendulum consists of a mass (usually represented as a small object or bob) attached to a string or rod of negligible mass. The mass is free to swing back and forth under the influence of gravity.
In the figure, the point of suspension is denoted by "O," and the mass (bob) is represented by the small circle. The string or rod is represented by the vertical line connecting the point of suspension to the bob.
Amplitude:
The amplitude of a pendulum refers to the maximum displacement or swing of the bob from its equilibrium position. In the figure, the amplitude can be represented by the angle formed between the vertical position and the position of the bob when it swings to its maximum distance on one side. It is usually denoted by the symbol "A."
Effective Length:
The effective length of a pendulum refers to the distance from the point of suspension to the center of mass of the bob. It represents the distance over which the mass swings back and forth. In the figure, the effective length can be measured as the length of the string or rod from the point of suspension to the center of the bob. It is usually denoted by the symbol "L."
It is important to note that the amplitude and effective length of a simple pendulum affect its period of oscillation (the time taken for one complete swing). The relationship between these parameters and the period can be described by mathematical formulas.
Overall, the simple pendulum is a fundamental concept in physics and provides a simplified model for understanding oscillatory motion and the principles of periodic motion.
un litro de un gas es calentado a presión constante desde 20°C hasta 60°C que volumen final ocupará dicho gas?
Answer:
Final volume, V2 = 3 Litres
Explanation:
Given the following data;
Initial volume, V1 = 1 litre
Initial temperature, T1 = 20°C
Final temperature, T2 = 60°C
To find the final volume, we would use Charles' law;
Charles states that when the pressure of an ideal gas is kept constant, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas.
Mathematically, Charles is given by;
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Making V2 as the subject formula, we have;
V1T2 = V2T1
V2 = (V1T2)/T1
Substituting into the formula, we have;
V2 = (1 * 60)/20
V2 = 60/20
Final volume, V2 = 3 Litres
2
Which of the following best describes temperature?
A
Number of molecules
B
Motion of molecules
C
Size of molecules
D Type of molecules
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Answer:
b the motion of molecules
Explanation:
i just took the test and it makes the most sense
Quả bóng 200g chuyển động với v 4m/s đập vào tường rồi bật ra ngược chiều với cùng tốc độ độ biến thiên động lượng của quả bóng là
A wooden block is attached to a magnet, which allows it to hover over another magnet placed on a table. If we add weight to the wooden block, will the height of the wooden block be lower than before, or will the wooden block stay at the same height above the table?
Explanation:
I assume the polls of the 2 magnets are +/+ and -/- aligned, so that both magnets repel each other.
when we add weight, it will be lower, as more weight (more pressure, more power) forces the magnets to get closer, as their repelling force is constant per distance.
Brandy has built a computer model of a weather system. She has included information about bodies of water, the Sun, and the atmosphere. Brandy decides to decrease the amount of atmospheric water vapor in her model. How will this likely affect the precipitation in her model?
A.
There will be less precipitation.
B.
There will be more precipitation.
C.
It will rain constantly.
D.
The precipitation will not change.
Answer:
there will be less precipitation because there is less water vapour
Explanation:
How many week are in .62 years?
Answer:
32.32857
Explanation:
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when a phase change occurs the temperature of the matter will ____________ until the phase change is complete.
When a phase change occurs, the temperature of the matter will remain constant until the phase change is complete.
This is because the energy being added to or removed from the matter during a phase change is used to break or form intermolecular bonds between the particles in the substance, rather than to increase or decrease the temperature of the substance. This means that the amount of energy required to break or form these bonds is much greater than the energy required to simply change the temperature of the substance.
For example, when water is heated from a solid (ice) to a liquid (water), the temperature of the ice will remain at 0°C until all of the ice has melted into liquid water. Once the phase change is complete, the temperature of the water will begin to increase again as more energy is added to the system. Similarly, when water is cooled from a liquid to a solid, the temperature of the water will remain at 0°C until all of the liquid water has frozen into solid ice.
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which assumption about level of measurement is made for the chi square test?
The chi-square test assumes that the variables being analyzed are measured at a nominal or ordinal level of measurement.
In statistics, the level of measurement refers to the nature and properties of the data being collected. There are four levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Nominal and ordinal levels are considered categorical, while interval and ratio levels are considered numerical. The chi-square test is specifically designed for analyzing categorical data, where the observations can be classified into distinct categories or groups. It is used to determine whether there is a significant association or relationship between two categorical variables.
The test calculates the difference between the observed frequencies and the expected frequencies under the assumption of independence between the variables. It compares the observed and expected frequencies using a chi-square statistic and determines the p-value to assess the statistical significance of the association. Therefore, the chi-square test assumes that the variables being analyzed are measured at a nominal or ordinal level because it deals with categorical data and evaluates the relationship between different categories or groups.
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why do stars in the halo of the galaxy have almost no heavy elements
Stars in the halo of a galaxy have almost no heavy elements because the halo is composed of older stars that formed early in the history of the galaxy. These stars formed from pristine gas, which had not undergone extensive enrichment with heavy elements.
When a galaxy forms, it starts with a large amount of mostly hydrogen and helium gas. Over time, stars begin to form from this gas through gravitational collapse. As stars evolve, they undergo nuclear fusion in their cores, converting hydrogen into helium and eventually fusing helium into heavier elements. Through stellar evolution, stars can synthesize heavier elements such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and so on. These heavy elements are released into the surrounding interstellar medium when stars go through stellar processes like supernovae or stellar winds In the central regions of a galaxy, where ongoing star formation is more active, the gas is enriched with heavy elements from multiple generations of stars. As a result, the stars in these regions have higher abundances of heavy elements. However, the halo of a galaxy consists of older stars that formed earlier in its history, when the galaxy had not yet accumulated a significant amount of heavy elements. The halo stars formed from gas with relatively low metallicity, meaning it had a low abundance of heavy elements. As a result, these halo stars have very low metallicity compared to stars in the younger regions of the galaxy. So, the lack of heavy element
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Which balances the equation Mg + O2 → MgO?
Mg + 2O2 → 4MgO
2Mg + 2O2 → 2MgO
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
2Mg + 2O2 → 4MgO
Answer:
its 2Mg + O2 ↦ 2MgO
Explanation:
Answer:
2 MgO
Explanation:
it is that cos it balances the equation as 2O and 2Mg=2MgO