When did high school education

become more widespread in the

United States?

Answer:

To calculate the NPV and IRR for this project, we need to first calculate the cash flows for each year using the given information.

Year 1:

Sales revenue = 200 x 600,000 = 120,000,000 YEN

Variable costs = 180 x 600,000 = 108,000,000 YEN

Fixed costs = 10,000,000 YEN

Depreciation = (100,000,000 - 30,000,000) / 10 = 7,000,000 YEN

Taxable income = 120,000,000 - 108,000,000 - 10,000,000 - 7,000,000 = -5,000,000 YEN

Tax expense = 0.25 x (-5,000,000) = -1,250,000 YEN

Net income after tax = -5,000,000 - 1,250,000 = -6,250,000 YEN

Operating cash flow = -6,250,000 + 7,000,000 = 750,000 YEN

Net cash flow = 750,000 / 136.33 = $5,504.26

Year 2:

Sales revenue = 210 x 700,000 = 147,000,000 YEN

Variable costs = 190 x 700,000 = 133,000,000 YEN

Fixed costs = 10,000,000 YEN

Depreciation = 7,000,000 YEN

Taxable income = 147,000,000 - 133,000,000 - 10,000,000 - 7,000,000 = -3,000,000 YEN

Tax expense = 0.25 x (-3,000,000) = -750,000 YEN

Net income after tax = -3,000,000 - 750,000 = -3,750,000 YEN

Operating cash flow = -3,750,000 + 7,000,000 = 3,250,000 YEN

Net cash flow = 3,250,000 / (136.33 x 1.03) = $23,977.35

Year 3:

Sales revenue = 220 x 800,000 = 176,000,000 YEN

Variable costs = 200 x 800,000 = 160,000,000 YEN

Fixed costs = 10,000,000 YEN

Depreciation = 7,000,000 YEN

Taxable income = 176,000,000 - 160,000,000 - 10,000,000 - 7,000,000 = -1,000,000 YEN

Tax expense = 0.25 x (-1,000,000) = -250,000 YEN

Net income after tax = -1,000,000 - 250,000 = -1,250,000 YEN

Operating cash flow = -1,250,000 + 7,000,000 = 5,750,000 YEN

Net cash flow = 5,750,000 / (136.33 x 1.03 x 1.03) = $42,373.99

Year 4:

Sales revenue = 220 x 800,000 = 176,000,000 YEN

Variable costs = 210 x 800,000 = 168,000,000 YEN

Fixed costs = 10,000,000 YEN

Depreciation = 7,000,000 YEN

Taxable income = 176,000

Explanation:

Answer:

A: $1,475,000

Explanation:

The computation of the overhead applied is shown below:

But before that first determine the predetermined overhead rate which is

= Estimated annual overhead cost ÷ Estimated machine hours

= $1,500,000 ÷ 300,000

= $5

Now the applied overhead is

= Predetermined overhead rate × Actual machine hours

= $5 × 295,000

= $1,475,000

Answer:

B

Explanation:

If you're going to solve it ur going to need to know how it's going to effectively help don't just do it first think.

Out of the choices provided above, it can be concluded to state that considering the effects of one's actions over a long term discovery is one of the ideal responses, and an ethical way to deal with a problem. Therefore, the option B holds true.

An ethical problem can be referred to or considered as one of the most critical concern for the smooth functioning of a working organization. It is needed to be dealt in an effective way using relevant solutions that can derive positive outputs for the organization.

The consequences of a problem may be ambiguous in nature, and thus, it becomes important to review them well by taking the effects of actions into consideration, and what influence they could have on the organization in the longer run.

Therefore, the option B holds true and states regarding the significance of an ethical problem.

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Capital, labor, and technology are the only variables that affect the aggregate supply curve over the long term. The curve may shift to the right as a result of increased capital, more labor availability, and improved technology since it is vertical in the long term.

What affects long run aggregate supply?

Changes in input prices cause the SRAS curve to vary, but the LRAS curve stays at the full-employment output level regardless of input price changes. In the case of the SRAS, there is a brief boost in output as the price rises.

The long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve depicts the connection between price level and real GDP that would exist if all prices, including nominal wages, were completely flexible. Along the LRAS, prices can move, but production cannot since it represents the output at full employment.

The LRAS curve is vertical as opposed to the upward-sloping SRAS curve since all expenses adjust over enough time.

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It is true that for a business using the order-up-to model, the period (Time between two ordering opportunities) is always of the same duration.

A business can be understood as an organization or enterprising entity that takes part in professional, commercial or industrial activities. Businesses are of different types which depend on various factors.

Some businesses are for profit, while some are non-profit. In the same way, their ownership also makes them different from each other. For instance, there are sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and more.

A person who is producing goods or offering services with the intent to sell them for profit is also a business.

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The statement that accurately describes how an event will impact supply is  option B An increase in demand will cause an increase in supply.

If demand and supply both rise, more will be purchased by consumers and more will be produced by businesses. The impact on price will, however, depend on the relative amount of the two changes because consumers place a higher value on each unit while producers are willing to supply each unit at a lower price.

Therefore, With everything else remaining the same, an increase in demand will result in a rise in the equilibrium price and an increase in supply. Reduced demand will result in a drop in the equilibrium price and a reduction in supply.

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The activity that is most likely to have a cash flow effect is declaring cash dividends (option B).

The cash flow effect is an economic term that refers to the change in a company’s cash position resulting from different transactions. This can include cash inflows (revenues) and outflows (expenses) as well as other transactions that either increase or decrease cash. The effect of any transaction on a company’s cash flow can be seen in the company’s cash flow statement. Companies need to understand the cash flow effect of their transactions to properly manage their cash position.

Declaring cash dividends is an activity that has a direct effect on cash flow because it involves paying out money to shareholders. This decreases the amount of cash the company has on hand.

It can be concluded that the activity that is most likely to have a cash flow effect is declaring cash dividends (option B).

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There is no change in revenue from one month to the next.

To calculate the percent change in revenue from one month to the next, you will need to find the revenue generated in each month and compare them.

The formula to find the percent change is given by:

Percent change = [(New value - Old value) / Old value] x 100

Where the New value is the revenue generated in the second month and the Old value is the revenue generated in the first month. To find the revenue generated in the first month, we need to multiply the number of units sold by the sale price per unit.

Revenue in the first month = 1,000 x $21 = $21,000

To find the revenue generated in the second month, we need to multiply the number of units sold by the sale price per unit.

Revenue in the second month = 700 x $30 = $21,000

Using the formula, we can find the percent change in revenue from the first month to the second month:

Percent change = [(21,000 - 21,000) / 21,000] x 100

Percent change = 0%

Therefore, there is no change in revenue from one month to the next. This means that selling fewer units at a higher price did not generate more revenue than selling more units at a lower price. It is important for businesses to consider the optimal balance between price and quantity to maximize their revenue.

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EaryMart (EM) has a physical store and an online shopping----------------. The following tactics that I would  recommend to achieve the highest sales is Issue digital coupons for discounts on all products. Thus option (C) is correct.

Digital coupons are electronic versions of traditional paper coupons that can be accessed and redeemed online or through a mobile device.

Digital coupons can take many different forms, including promotional codes, printable coupons, and mobile coupons that can be redeemed using a smartphone app.

By issuing digital coupons for discounts on all products is the tactics that I would  recommend to achieve the highest sales.

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Both the shape and size were changed while melting the chocolate.

A management control system gathers information used to evaluate the performance of:

A management control system is a management technique that evaluates the achievement of performance goals in terms of:

Thus, a management control system gathers information used to evaluate the performance of human, physical, financial, and other organizational resources.

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Explanation:

Title: "Digital Marketing Strategies for Small Businesses: A Case Study"

Article Source: Harvard Business Review

Summary:

The article "Digital Marketing Strategies for Small Businesses: A Case Study" discusses how small businesses can effectively utilize digital marketing strategies to compete in today's highly competitive business landscape. The case study presented in the article focuses on a small boutique clothing store that implemented various digital marketing tactics to increase their online visibility and drive more sales.

The article highlights the importance of having a strong online presence for small businesses, as consumers increasingly rely on digital channels to discover and purchase products and services. The case study outlines the steps taken by the boutique store, including optimizing their website for search engines, creating engaging social media content, and implementing email marketing campaigns to engage with customers.

The article also emphasizes the need for small businesses to adapt their digital marketing strategies based on changing consumer behaviors and market trends. For example, the boutique store in the case study shifted their focus to social media advertising when they noticed that their target audience was spending more time on social media platforms.

Relation to Course Topics:

The article aligns with several topics covered in the Business Management or Marketing course. It highlights the importance of digital marketing for small businesses and the need to adapt strategies to changing consumer behaviors, which are key concepts in modern marketing. The case study also provides practical examples of how small businesses can implement digital marketing tactics, such as search engine optimization, social media marketing, and email marketing, which are commonly covered in marketing courses.

The article also emphasizes the significance of understanding consumer behavior and market trends, which are important considerations in business management. It underscores the need for small businesses to continually assess and adjust their marketing strategies to remain competitive in the ever-evolving digital landscape.

Overall, the article provides a relevant and practical case study that showcases the application of digital marketing strategies for small businesses, making it a valuable resource for students studying business management or marketing.

Review:

The "Digital Marketing Strategies for Small Businesses: A Case Study" article is a well-written and informative piece that provides practical insights into how small businesses can effectively leverage digital marketing strategies. The case study presented in the article is relevant and relatable, making it easy to understand the challenges faced by small businesses in the digital marketing realm.

The article is concise, yet comprehensive, covering key concepts such as search engine optimization, social media marketing, and email marketing in a clear and understandable manner. The use of a real-life case study adds credibility and practicality to the article, making it more engaging for readers.

The author's writing style is engaging and easy to follow, with a good balance of theoretical concepts and practical examples. The article is well-structured, with clear headings and subheadings that make it easy to navigate and locate specific information.

One potential improvement could be the inclusion of more recent data or statistics to support the author's points and provide additional evidence of the effectiveness of the digital marketing strategies discussed. However, overall, the article is a valuable resource for students studying business management or marketing, as it provides relevant and practical insights into how small businesses can navigate the digital marketing landscape to achieve their business goals.

In conclusion, the "Digital Marketing Strategies for Small Businesses: A Case Study" article is a recommended read for students studying business management or marketing. It offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities of digital marketing for small businesses and provides practical examples that can be applied in real-world business settings. The article's alignment with course topics and its clear and engaging writing style make it a useful resource for students looking to deepen their understanding of digital marketing strategies.

Labor efficiency variance = (Actual hour * Standard rate) - (Standard hour * Standard rate).

Labor efficiency variance = $404,600 F

By "efficiency of labor," we mean a worker's ability to produce more or better work, or both, over the course of a given amount of time.

1) Labor efficiency variance = (68,000 * $17) - ((30,600 * 3) * $17)

Labor efficiency variance = $1,156,000 - (91,800 * $17)

Labor efficiency variance = $404,600 F

2) Variance in direct labor worked divided by variance in labor efficiency

Variance in labor costs is $404,600 - $68,000.

Variance in labor costs = $336,600 F

3) Planned unit sold minus variable overhead equals variable manufacturing overhead cost.

Manufacturing variable overhead cost = 24,000 * $21

$504,000 is the variable manufacturing overhead cost.

4) Planned unit sold minus variable overhead equals variable manufacturing overhead cost.

Cost of variable overhead in production = 30,600 * $21

$642,600 is the variable manufacturing overhead cost.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The peripheral functions of management refer to the additional activities that support the primary functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. These peripheral functions include activities such as communication, decision-making, problem-solving, and coordination. They play a crucial role in ensuring effective management by facilitating information flow, resolving issues, making informed choices, and promoting collaboration among team members. While not the core functions, these peripheral activities are essential for the overall success and efficiency of an organization.

Hope it helps!

The total quantity supplied of gasoline by the Gulf Coast Refining Company will depend on several factors, including the market demand for gasoline, the price of crude oil, and the company's production capacity.

Generally, Quantity is a measure of how much of something there is or how many of something there are.

It is a numerical value that describes the amount of something. It is used in the fields of mathematics, science, economics, and business.

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Answer:

Explanation:

To calculate the initial investment, we can use the formula for net present value (NPV) as follows:

NPV = present value of cash inflows - present value of initial investment

Given that NPV = $9,000 and the annual cash inflows for each of the three years, we can calculate the present value of cash inflows as follows:

PV of year 1 cash inflow = $21,000 / (1 + 0.15)^1 = $18,260.87

PV of year 2 cash inflow = $24,000 / (1 + 0.15)^2 = $18,137.32

PV of year 3 cash inflow = $27,000 / (1 + 0.15)^3 = $18,008.69

Therefore, the total present value of cash inflows is:

PV of cash inflows = $18,260.87 + $18,137.32 + $18,008.69 = $54,406.88

Now, we can rearrange the NPV formula to solve for the initial investment:

NPV + PV of initial investment = PV of cash inflows

Substituting the given values, we get:

$9,000 + PV of initial investment = $54,406.88

PV of initial investment = $54,406.88 - $9,000

PV of initial investment = $45,406.88

Finally, we can calculate the initial investment by finding the present value of $45,406.88 for 3 years at a 15% required rate of return:

Initial investment = $45,406.88 / (1 + 0.15)^3

Initial investment ≈ $29,508.88

Therefore, the initial investment for the project was approximately $29,508.88.

Answer:

Instructions are below.

Explanation:

First, we need to calculate the predetermined overhead rate:

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= (50,000/20,000)

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $2.5 per direct labor hour

Now, we can determine the total cost and unitary cost of Job 461:

Direct labor hours= 1,500/5= 300

Total cost= 4,000 + 1,500 + 2.5*300= $6,250

Unitary cost= 6,250/100= $62.5

To calculate the under/over allocation, first, we allocate overhead for the whole company:

Allocated MOH= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate* Actual amount of allocation base

Allocated MOH= 2.5*24,000= $60,000

Under/over applied overhead= real overhead - allocated overhead

Under/over applied overhead= 54,000 - 60,000

Under/over applied overhead= $6,000 overallocated

Answer:

-$7,193

Explanation:

The computation of the net present value is shown below:

Year   Cash Inflows   PV factor at 11%      Present value

0      $170,000            1                           $170,000 (A)

1         $41,000            0.9009009             $36,936.94

2        $41,000            0.8116224                $33,276.52

3        $41,000            0.7311914                 $29,978.85

4        $41,000            0.6587310               $27,007.97

5       $41,000            0.5934513               $24,331.50

5       $19,000            0.5934513               $11,275.58

Total                                                         $162,807.35   (B)

Net Present Value (NPV)                     -$7,193  (B - A)

It is a difference between the cash inflow and the cash outflows

The education program has a budget that Congress can change significantly each year.

The Congress has power to change U.S. education program significantly each year because the education system is largely a state and local responsibility, but the federal government only provides the funding and sets guidelines for how that funding can be used.

The congress controls the states' federal budget and can decide how much money is allocated on education programs and what funding priorities are. As well, it can pass laws like Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), which set standards for student achievement, teacher quality, and school accountability.

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Answer: $105700

Explanation:

The amount that'll be paid as the cost of the land will be calculated as:

Land purchase = $100,000

Add: Property tax = $2500

Add: Fees = $1000

Add: Grading = $2200

Total = $105700

Therefore, the amount that'll be paid as the cost of the land will be $105700

Dakari must pay self-employment tax on $20,000 as it is the gross income.

Before any deductions or taxes are taken into account, gross income is the sum of all wages, earnings, interest payments, rent, and other types of income received by families and individuals. It stands in contrast to net income, which is determined by taking gross income and subtracting any applicable taxes and other deductions. The amount of a business's gross income that is left over after overhead, payroll, tax, and interest costs have been deducted from the cost of producing a good or providing a service. Although they have different meanings, gross margin and gross profit are frequently used synonymously. If you want to talk about a cash number, you should say "gross profit," and if you want to talk about a percentage or ratio, you should say "gross margin."

Amount on which tax is to be paid=26,000-6000=$20,000

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If I were a human resource professional at a company setting up work teams for production and sales, the four legal requirements that need to be embedded in my pay structure to support this new work arrangement are:

A group incentive plan is a form of compensation that bases pay on the collective performance of a team and emphasizes cost-cutting, productivity growth, and achieving organizational objectives.

I supposedly work in human resources for a company that organizes work teams for sales and production and I would suggest the below point to encourage this new work arrangement:

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Sabrina can help Maria interpret and explain these policies and procedures by:

These ways of explanation are explained as follows:

1. Clarifying any unclear or ambiguous language: Sabrina can help Maria understand the meaning of specific words or phrases that are unclear or ambiguous, such as "professionally" or "probationary period."

2. Providing context: Sabrina can help Maria understand the context in which these policies and procedures are being applied, including the goals and objectives of the organization, the culture of the workplace, and the expectations of employees.

3. Explaining the consequences of non-compliance: Sabrina can help Maria understand the consequences of not adhering to these policies and procedures, including any disciplinary action that may be taken.

4. Offering examples: Sabrina can provide examples of what it means to dress and conduct oneself professionally, and what is expected during the probationary period, to help Maria better understand and apply these policies and procedures in practice.

5. Encouraging questions and open communication: Sabrina can encourage Maria to ask any additional questions she may have and to speak openly with management or HR if she has any concerns about these policies and procedures.

Therefore, the correct answers are give above.

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ANSWER: The tax credit serves to immediately reduce the costs. The savings is 10% of one million dollars or $100,000r eduction in the purchase.

Answer:

"On the end of the year balance sheet" is the right response.

Explanation:

Answer with its Explanation:

The forces that had lessened the importance of the cost and management accounting systems in today's dynamic world are as under:

a) The book value of the existing computer system for Vastine Medical, Inc. is $152,160.

b) The after-tax proceeds of the sale of the existing computer system for Vastine Medical, Inc. is $23,304.

c) The initial investment associated with the replacement project is $307,000.

The book value of an asset represents the difference between the original cost and the accumulated depreciation.

The accumulated depreciation is the sum of the yearly depreciation expenses for the past periods.

Capital gains or losses arise as the difference between the sales proceeds and the book value of an asset.

Cost of the old computer system = $317,000

Accumulated depreciation after 2 years = $164,840 ($317,000 x 52%)

Book value after 2 years = $152,160 ($317,000 - $164,840)

Sales proceed = $191,000

Capital gains = $38,840 ($191,000 - $152,160)

Capital gains tax = $15,536 ($38,840 x 40%)

After-tax proceeds = $23,304 ($38,840 - $15,536)

Cost of a new computer system = $498,000

Thus, the initial investment for the replacement project is $307,000 ($498,000 - $191,000).

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MACRS 5-year Declining Method:

Year     Depreciation Rate

1                     20%

2                    32%

3                    19.20%

4                    11.52%

5                    11.52%

6                    5.76%

Answer:

a. Budgeted balance sheet.

b. Budgeted income statement.

c. Budgeting.

d. Capital expenditures budget.

e. Cash budget.

f. Master budget.

g. Participatory budget.

h. Production budget.

Explanation:

A budget is a financial plan used for the estimation of revenue and expenditures of an individual, organization or government for a specified period of time, often one year. Budgets are usually compiled, analyzed and re-evaluated on periodic basis. The benefits of having a budget is that it aids in setting goals, earmarking revenues and resources, measuring outcomes and planning against contingencies.

In Financial accounting, some of the key terms associated with budget includes;

a. Budgeted balance sheet: A report that shows predicted balances of assets, liabilities and equity at the end of a budget period.

b. Budgeted income statement: A report that shows predicted revenues and expenses for a budgeting period.

c. Budgeting: Planning future business actions and expressing them as formal plans.

d. Capital expenditures budget: Summarizes the effects of investing activities on cash.

e. Cash budget: Shows expected cash inflows and outflows and helps determine financing needs.

f. Master budget: A comprehensive business plan that includes operating, investing, and financing budgets.

g. Participatory budget: Employees affected by a budget help in preparing it.

h. Production budget: Shows the number of units for a manufacturer to produce in a period.

A) Final goods are goods that are purchased by the end-consumer or user for their personal consumption or use.

B) Intermediate goods, on the other hand, are goods that are used as inputs in the production of other goods.

Final goods and intermediate goods are terms used in economics to distinguish between different types of goods in the production process. Here's a breakdown of the difference between the two:

1. Final Goods:

Final goods are goods that are purchased by the end-consumer or user for their personal consumption or use. These goods are ready for consumption and do not undergo further processing or transformation before reaching the final consumer. Examples of final goods include food products, clothing, electronics, furniture, and vehicles. Final goods are the end result of the production process and are intended for final consumption or use.

2. Intermediate Goods:

Intermediate goods, on the other hand, are goods that are used as inputs in the production of other goods. They are not intended for final consumption but are instead used as raw materials, components, or capital goods in the production process. Intermediate goods undergo further processing or transformation before being included in the final goods. Examples of intermediate goods include raw materials like steel or wood, components like circuit boards or engines, and machinery or equipment used in production.

The key distinction between final goods and intermediate goods lies in their purpose and stage in the production process. Final goods are produced for the ultimate satisfaction of consumers' needs and are ready for consumption, while intermediate goods are used in the production of other goods and undergo further processing.

It's important to note that when calculating a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), only the value of final goods is considered. Intermediate goods are excluded to avoid double-counting, as their value is already included in the final goods they contribute to. By focusing on final goods, GDP provides a measure of the value of goods and services produced for final consumption in an economy.

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