What type of RNA is made by the RNA Pol II? Select all that apply.a. mRNAb. tRNAc. rRNA
Answers
mRNA.
How is RNA Pol II involved in the synthesis of which types of RNA?RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) is a key enzyme responsible for transcribing protein-coding genes in eukaryotic cells. The primary RNA transcript synthesized by RNA Pol II is pre-mRNA, which undergoes several processing steps before being exported to the cytoplasm as mature mRNA. Therefore, option (a) mRNA is the correct answer.
RNA Pol II is not directly involved in the synthesis of other types of RNA, such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which are transcribed by RNA polymerase III and RNA polymerase I, respectively. However, RNA Pol II is required for the transcription of non-coding RNAs, such as small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), which play essential roles in pre-mRNA splicing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
In summary, RNA polymerase II transcribes protein-coding genes, producing pre-mRNA as the primary transcript, which undergoes various processing steps to generate mature mRNA. While RNA Pol II is not involved in the direct synthesis of tRNA or rRNA, it is required for the transcription of various non-coding RNAs that perform essential cellular functions.
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Related Questions
What qualities do all living things have in common?
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Iii. describe two or more environmental problems and tell what can be done to help solve them. first write and then record five sentences.
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Two environmental problems are- pollution and deforestation.
The environment is at the mercy of human beings and has suffered at the hands of the human clan, which has led to its destruction at a massive level. The two main problems of the environment are pollution and deforestation.
Pollution- There are several types of pollution that are responsible for deterioration of the environment. The four main types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution. Pollution can be tackled by controlling the release of pollutants. For air pollution, fossil fuels like petrol can be replaced by natural fuels like CNG, dumping of industrial wastes should be treated and minimized before their release in water bodies and toxic fertilizers should be avoided to minimize soil pollution.Deforestation- The primary solution for this problem is to find ways and spots to plant new trees in abundance. Also illegal felling of trees and clearing lands should be made into a punishable offence.Learn more about pollution here-
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A psychologist exploring the impact of a new drug on activity in the brain is working on the level of ?
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Answer:
A. Lower level
Explanation:
Describe these findings, and explaine their significants; epicanthal fold; pseudostrabismus; ophthalmia neonatorum; Brushfield spots.
Answers
-pseudostrabismus: the appearance of strabismus because of epicanthic fold but is normal for a young child.
-Ophthalmia neonatorum, conjunctivitis of the newborn: purulent discharge caused by a chemical irritant or a bacterial or viral agent from the birth canal.
-brushfield spots: white specks around the edge of the iris.
Which statement best describes the relationship between activation energy and rate of reaction?
Increasing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
Reducing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
Increasing the reaction energy does not alter the rate of reaction.
Reducing the activation energy can decrease the rate of a reaction
Answers
Answer:
Reducing the activation energy can increase the rate of a reaction.
Explanation:
I got it right on the unit test on edge 2021. hope it helps
A population culture begins with 15 strands of bacteria and then doubles every 4 hours. This can be modeled as 15(2)^((t)/(4)), where t is time in hours. How many strands of bacteria are present at 12
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At 12 hours, there are 120 strands of bacteria present.
The population of bacteria can be modeled using the equation P(t) = \(15(2)^(t/4)\), where P(t) represents the number of strands of bacteria at time t in hours.
To find the number of strands of bacteria at 12 hours, we substitute t = 12 into the equation:
P(12) = \(15(2)^(12/4)\)
P(12) = \(15(2)^3\)
P(12) = 15(8)
P(12) = 120
Therefore, at 12 hours, there are 120 strands of bacteria present.
It's important to note that the given population model assumes exponential growth, where the number of strands doubles every 4 hours. Starting with an initial population of 15 strands, the exponent in the equation (t/4) represents the number of doubling periods that have occurred. Each doubling period corresponds to 4 hours of time.
In this case, at 12 hours, three doubling periods have occurred (12/4 = 3). Starting with the initial 15 strands, each doubling period doubles the population, resulting in a final count of 15 * \(2^3\) = 120 strands of bacteria at 12 hours.
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3. How are frog eggs being used in research involving human cells?
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in negative control, a(n) protein binds to dna to gene transcription. group of answer choices repressor, prevent activator, prevent repressor, increase activator, increase
Answers
Proteins called transcription factors help turn particular genes "on" or "off" by attaching to surrounding DNA.
A gene's transcription is boosted by transcription factors that serve as activators. Reducers lessen transcribing.
An enhancer or silencer is a collection of transcription factor binding sites that can turn a gene on or off in a particular region of the body.
Cells can "decide" whether to express a gene by using transcription factors to execute logic operations and incorporate several sources of information.
Introduction: Do you possess any transcriptional regulators You'll struggle to maintain your cells functioning if the answer is no, therefore I really hope it is!
Proteins called transcription factors control the transcription of genes, which is the copying of genes into RNA before they are used to make proteins.
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The inner cellular layer of trophoblast that remains intact inside the blastocyst is termed the?
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The inner cellular layer of trophoblast that remains intact inside the blastocyst is termed Cytotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast is the inner layer of the trophoblast.
It is found on the outer side of the Blastocyst and inner side of the Syncytiotrophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast remains intact inside the blastocyst and is present as a inner cellular layer of trophoblast.
Cytotrophoblast produces several hormones like:
GnRHProgesteroneHCGEstrogenCytotrophoblast attaches the fetus that is growing to the uterine wall of the mother's body.
It plays an important role in embyro's transplantation.
Cytotrophoblast releases Proteinaceous enzymes between the endometrial cells allowing many finger-like projections.
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5. Compare the eukaryotic cell cycle to a human life cycle. How are they similar? How are they
different?
Answers
The eukaryotic cell cycle and the human life cycle have some similarities and differences.
Similarities:
Both involve a sequence of events that occur in a specific order.Both involve phases of growth, replication, and division.Both are regulated by internal and external factors.Both involve a process of development and differentiation.Differences:
The eukaryotic cell cycle is much shorter than the human life cycle. A typical eukaryotic cell cycle lasts only a few hours to a few days, while the human life cycle spans several decades.The eukaryotic cell cycle is a continuous process that occurs repeatedly throughout the lifespan of an organism, while the human life cycle involves distinct stages, such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.The eukaryotic cell cycle involves a single cell dividing into two identical daughter cells, while the human life cycle involves the development of a single cell (the fertilized egg) into a complex multicellular organism with many different cell types.The eukaryotic cell cycle is primarily concerned with maintaining and repairing tissues, while the human life cycle involves growth, development, reproduction, and aging.In summary, the eukaryotic cell cycle and the human life cycle share some similarities, such as a specific sequence of events and regulation by internal and external factors, but they also differ in their duration, stages, goals, and outcomes.
Answer:
The eukaryotic cell cycle and human life cycle are similar in that they both involve a series of stages that follow a particular sequence. However, the eukaryotic cell cycle is much shorter and involves cell division and DNA replication, while the human life cycle spans decades and involves physical, emotional, and cognitive developments that contribute to an individual's growth and well-being.
While both the eukaryotic cell cycle and the human life cycle follow a sequential pattern, they differ in terms of their duration and the specific processes that occur within each stage.
The kidney is considered a major homeostatic organ because it maintains the balance of what substances in the blood?
Answers
The kidney is considered a major homeostatic organ because it maintains the balance of water, ions, and electrolytes in the blood.
Kidneys extract wastes and excess fluid from the body, kidneys also remove acid that is created by the cells in the body and sustain a healthy equilibrium of salts, water, and minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus in the blood.
Each kidney consists of almost a million filtering units called nephrons. Every nephron has a filter, called the tubule, and a glomerulus. The nephrons function via a two-step process, the glomerulus purifies the blood, and the tubule returns required substances to the blood and clears wastes.
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Explain the processes involved in the transportation of absorbed
nutrients throughout the body.
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Answer:
Absorption: The process of absorbing nutrients occurs primarily in the small intestine. Once the food is broken down into smaller molecules through digestion, these molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream. For example, carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
Circulatory System: The circulatory system, composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, plays a crucial role in transporting absorbed nutrients. The blood vessels form an extensive network that reaches all tissues and organs in the body.
Hepatic Portal System: After absorption, most of the nutrients are transported to the liver through a specialized system called the hepatic portal system. This system ensures that the liver, which performs various metabolic functions, receives a concentrated supply of nutrients before they are distributed throughout the body.
Bloodstream Transport: Once in the bloodstream, nutrients are carried by the plasma, the liquid component of blood. Different nutrients use specific mechanisms for transport:
Glucose: It is transported by facilitated diffusion or active transport, depending on the concentration gradient, with the help of insulin.
Amino Acids: They are transported through the bloodstream by specific carrier proteins.
Fats: Dietary fats are initially packaged into structures called chylomicrons and transported through the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, fats are carried by lipoproteins such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
Distribution to Tissues: As the blood circulates, nutrients are distributed to various tissues and organs according to their specific needs. Nutrients are delivered to cells through the capillaries, the smallest blood vessels in the body, which have thin walls that allow for the efficient exchange of nutrients and waste products.
Cellular Uptake: Nutrients are taken up by cells through various mechanisms. For instance, glucose enters cells with the help of insulin, while amino acids are transported into cells through specific carrier proteins. Fats are taken up by cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis or by diffusion.
Metabolism: Once inside the cells, nutrients undergo metabolic processes to produce energy or build new molecules. Glucose, for example, can be metabolized through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP, the cell's energy currency.
Waste Removal: Metabolic byproducts, such as carbon dioxide and urea, are generated during nutrient metabolism. These waste products are transported back into the bloodstream and eventually eliminated from the body through the lungs (carbon dioxide) or the kidneys (urea).
It's important to note that different nutrients may have different transport mechanisms and pathways. The body's ability to efficiently transport and utilize absorbed nutrients is vital for maintaining proper functioning and overall health.
List five parts of all cells and their jobs.
Answers
Cell membrane: Surrounds the cell and holds all the parts together and allows materials to enter and exit.
Nucleus/Chromosomes: Are made of material called DNA. ...
Cytoplasm: Is all the material between the Cell membrane and Nucleus. ...
Vacuoles: They act like a stomach. ...
Mitochondria: They are the cells power producers.
Mitochondria-The power house of the cell!!
Cell membrane- Holding the cell together.
Cytoplasm- RIght between the Nucleus and cell membrane
Nucleus/Chromosomes- Made up of DNA
Vacuoles-stomach of the cell.
Mitochondria-The power house of the cell!!
Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
Answers
The correct sequence of events in cellular respiration is option a: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain.
During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce energy in the form of ATP. The process starts with glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate molecules. Glycolysis generates a small amount of ATP and NADH.
The pyruvate molecules produced in glycolysis enter the mitochondria, where the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, takes place. In this cycle, the pyruvate is further broken down, releasing carbon dioxide and generating NADH and FADH2 as electron carriers. The citric acid cycle also produces a small amount of ATP.
The electron carriers NADH and FADH2 then participate in the electron transport chain, which is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In the electron transport chain, the electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred through a series of protein complexes, creating a flow of electrons that drives the synthesis of ATP. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Therefore, the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration is glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain, as stated in option a.
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Question
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
a. glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
b. glycolysis, preparatory reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
c. glycolysis, electron transport chain, preparatory reaction
d. citric acid cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain, preparatory reaction
e. citric acid cycle, electron transport, glycolysis, preparatory reaction
If you trace back the history of a carbon atom in your little finger through all of cosmic history, where did this atom most likely originate?.
Answers
Answer:
In the core of a red giant star a very very long time ago.
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what is the main purpose of the lab?
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Answers
Answer:
To provide an experimental foundation for the theoretical concepts introduced in the lectures. It is important that students have an opportunity to verify some of the ideas for themselves.
2. To familiarize students with experimental apparatus, the scientific method, and methods of data analysis so that they will have some idea of the inductive process by which the ideas were originated. To teach how to make careful experimental observations and how to think about and draw conclusions from such data.
3. To introduce the methods used for estimating and dealing with experimental uncertainties, including simple ideas in probability theory and the distinctions between random (statistical) and systematic "errors." This is essential in understanding what valid conclusions can be deduced from experimental data and that, properly obtained, these conclusions are valid, notwithstanding the uncertainty of the data.
4. To learn how to write a technical report which communicates scientific information in a clear and concise manner.
5. To introduce new concepts and techniques which have a wide application in experimental science, but have not been introduced in the standard courses. These may require that the student consult additional textbooks.
Explanation:
Answer:
1. To provide an experimental foundation for the theoretical concepts introduced in the lectures. It is important that students have an opportunity to verify some of the ideas for themselves.
2. To familiarize students with experimental apparatus, the scientific method, and methods of data analysis so that they will have some idea of the inductive process by which the ideas were originated. To teach how to make careful experimental observations and how to think about and draw conclusions from such data.
3. To introduce the methods used for estimating and dealing with experimental uncertainties, including simple ideas in probability theory and the distinctions between random (statistical) and systematic "errors." This is essential in understanding what valid conclusions can be deduced from experimental data and that, properly obtained, these conclusions are valid, notwithstanding the uncertainty of the data.
4. To learn how to write a technical report which communicates scientific information in a clear and concise manner.
5. To introduce new concepts and techniques which have a wide application in experimental science, but have not been introduced in the standard courses. These may require that the student consult additional textbooks.
What would happen if there was no S phase during cell division?
Answers
if there was no S phase during cell division, half of the chromosome will get decreased for each generation.
S phase, also referred to as the "conflation phase," of the cell cycle, which follows after G1 and G2, is when DNA replication takes place. Since adequate genome duplication is required for normal cell division, the conditioning processes that occur during S-phase are tightly controlled and largely conserved. Entering S-phase is controlled by the G1 restriction point (R), which commits cells to the rest of the cell cycle in the presence of adequate nourishment and growth signals. Because this transition is essentially irreversible, even if the terrain is unfavourable after the cell has passed the restrictionpoint, it will still enter the S- phase. In order to control the entry into the S-phase, molecular processes that allow a fast, unidirectional change in cell state are involved.
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Which organism has an exoskeleton?An arthropod. For example: a crab.A mammal. For example: a humanA Cnidarian: For example: a jellyfish
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Humans have an endoskeleton. Jellyfish do not have a skeleton. Crab has an exoskeleton.
ANSWER: A.
The cell in the diagram is dividing. What is the mitotic phase that follows the one shown on the diagram, and what events will take place during that phase?.
Answers
Answer:
Anaphase follows the pase shown on the diagram.
Explanation:
yes
The diagram shown in the image is Anaphase.
What is Anaphase?
When eukaryotic cells divide, the chromosomes are segregated to the cell's two poles during a period known as anaphase. The chromosomes are pulled to the metaphase plate, which is located in the center of the cell, during the metaphase stage before anaphase.
The chromosomes continue to condense through anaphase, despite being strongly compressed at the beginning of cell division. After the cell passes the spindle formation checkpoint, which permits the separation of chromosomes or chromatids, anaphase begins.
The chromosomes are drawn toward the centrosome and eventually form a semicircle around it as the microtubules connecting them to the centrosomes shrink. The cell repairs its nucleus and gets ready to divide during the subsequent phase of cell division, known as telophase.
Therefore, The diagram shown in the image is Anaphase.
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Passive transport is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane without requiring an input of cellular energy. identify which of these options are examples of passive transport.
a. do not require cellular energy to allow molecules to pass through the cell membrane.
b. do not require cellular energy because the kinetic energy of the molecules' movement will drive the movement down the concentration gradient.
c. do not require cellular energy because the molecules are small enough to fit through the membrane.
d. All of the above.
e. a and b
f. None of the above.
Answers
Answer:The correct answer is D. None of the above
Explanation:
what has caused a 90 ecrease in southern california steelhead run sizes?
Answers
Answer:
The cause of the 90 decreases in southern California steelhead run sizes are because of the dams along the water sources and it has cause 90% decrease in the southern California steelhead run sizes. The Dam alter aquatic ecology cause the river hydrology up steam and down steam which cause the affecting water quality.
The reason why the Southern California steelhead run sizes has decreased by 90% is the construction of dams along water sources.
What is a dam?The dam is a large structure that serves the purpose of holding back water and making its level to rise quite high. Dams could be used for the purpose of electricity generation.
The reason why the Southern California steelhead run sizes has decreased by 90% is the construction of dams along water sources.
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I need help with this practice problem The subject is the invasive species Kudzu Take your time to review the pic After, answer the “•”s
Answers
Question:
Solution:
First, remember that a food web describes which organisms eat and are eaten by other organisms in a given region. It can be thought of as showing every organism that occupies each trophic level.
Now, Kudzu is a fast-growing invasive plant that can hinder the growth of native grasses to fully mature trees. This is because the Kudzu protects them from the sunlight they need to carry out photosynthesis. This loss of native plants affects an entire ecosystem, like other plants and also insects and animals that adapted along with them (food chain), creating cascading effects throughout the ecosystem. In fact, Kudzu disrupts the food chain by threatening the vegetation that native animals use for food and shelter. Additionally, kudzu root systems affect the amount of water in the soil and native plants die as a result. Then, the environmental and ecological damage of Kudzu results from its competition with other plant species. In particular, kudzu competes with native flora for light and acts to block their access to this vital resource by growing over them and shading them with its leaves.
Question: A rat approaches a piece of rotting fruit, takes a small bite, and runs away. Which statement best explains the reason for the rat’s behavior?
A. The rat runs away to process the sensory information.
B. Sensory receptors in the rat’s whiskers respond to the input about the texture of the fruit.
C. Information gathered by the rat’s auditory receptors signals that the environment around the fruit is not safe.
I will mark brainiest if your response has scientific reasoning and accurate, I believe I have the answer, yet I want to double-check. Thank you!
Answers
Hope it helps
pls help me help me pls
Answers
Answer:
1. Stratus
2. Cirrus
3. Cumulus
4. Both Cumulus and Cirrus
Explanation:
9 = B
10 = A
11 = C
12 = B
What’s an adaptation we could not live with out ?
Answers
Answer:
the ability to move our thumbs
Explanation:
Consumption of non-nutritious food and sedentary behavior has resulted in an increase in __________ in countries in stage four of the epidemiologic transition. A. Cancer B. Famine C. Plagues D. Obesity
Answers
Countries in stage four of the epidemiologic transition have seen a rise in obesity as a result of sedentary lifestyles and the consumption of non-nutritions food.
In stage four, countries witness a shift in the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases to non-communicable illnesses like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and specific types of cancer. Obesity rates have increased as a result of the adoption of bad eating habits, such as the intake of processed meals and foods high in calories, as well as a decline in physical activity levels. Obesity is a big health concern in stage four countries because it increases the risk of several chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
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A physical change is...
—
1. when a substance changes its appearance or form, but not its identity.
2. when a substance changes into a new substance.
3. when a substance catches on fire.
4. when a substance reacts with another substance.
Answers
Answer:
1. when a substance changes its appearance or form, but not its identity.
Explanation:
It basically applies makeup but you're still same person
help me please explain packaging of dna helix easily
Answers
Answer: DNA packaging is the method of folding the DNA molecule to fit into the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomal DNA packaged inside ultramicroscopic nuclei of a cell with the assistance of histones is named packaging of DNA Helix.
Explanation: search
How do producers obtain their carbon from the environment?
Answers
Answer:
producers go through photosynthesis which happens from the sun giving them the energy they need to obtain carbon.
Explanation:
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The Fluid Earth Drag the correct labels to the image. The labels can be used more than once. Match the correct climate to each range of latitude. 30°NA 30°S 60°S temperatures rarely rise above freezing, and precipitation is low all known as the polar climate zone year, moderate cloud cover, precipitation, and temperature, known as the temperate climate zone 60'S warm temperatures year-round and little cloud cover, known as the tropical climate zone 30°N 30'5
Answers
The tropical climatic zone begins at 30°N. There are few clouds here and mild temps all year round.
The zone with a temperate climate is 30°S. The seasons in this area are mild in terms of temperature, precipitation, and cloud cover.
As the polar climatic zone, 60°S. Seldom do temperatures in this region climb above freezing, and there is little precipitation.
Often connected to areas close to the equator, the tropical climatic zone is characterized by consistently warm temperatures and little cloud cover. You would locate locations that are in the tropical climatic zone, namely in latitude 30°N.
You may anticipate experiencing consistently warm temperatures all year long in the tropical climatic zone at 30°N. These areas have high quantities of solar radiation and a lot of sunshine, which creates a warm and generally steady environment.
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