What heat energy transfer process is responsible for transferring heat energy from the earth to air directly above it?.

Answer:

a standard by which something may be judged.

Explanation:

Answer:

2,7

Explanation:

Two in the first shell and 7 in the outer and last shell.

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The TLC results tell us about the identity of the amino acid product is the tlc of the amino acid that is formed here would be the more polar and it will be move much more slowly on the tlc plate.

Thin layery chromatograph (TLC) is very useful technique that is for the separation and the identification of compounds in the mixtures. The Paper chromatography, that will be used to separate the amino acids, is the  form of the partition chromatography.

The amino acid that is formed here would be the more polar and it will be move much more slowly on the tlc plate. The organic liquids that are also present in the developing solvent serve as the mobile phase.

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As the combustible materials burn, some of the chemical energy is transformed into heat energy, and some are transformed into light energy. Light energy, also known as radiation or electromagnetic energy, is a type of kinetic energy that takes the form of visible light waves, such as the light from a match.

The speed of the particles rises with the temperature of the solid, liquid, or gas. The particles slow down with decreasing temperature.

A liquid can turn into a solid if it is cooled down far enough.

The average kinetic energy of the molecules falls as a liquid cools.

The liquid eventually turns into a solid when the quantity of heat removed is sufficient to cause the molecules to be attracted to one another.

Freezing is the process of transitioning from a liquid to a solid.

It loses thermal energy when the liquid cools. Its constituent particles therefore decelerate down and converge.

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Answer: i think its d

Explanation:

Answer:

Polar molecules occur when there is an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms. Nonpolar molecules occur when electrons are shared equal between atoms of a diatomic molecule or when polar bonds in a larger molecule cancel each other out.

Explanation:

Polar molecules occur when there is an electronegativity difference between the bonded atoms. Nonpolar molecules occur when electrons are shared equal between atoms of a diatomic molecule or when polar bonds in a larger molecule cancel each other out.

Answer:

Pros: Cheap, Reliable, and Abundant.

Cons: Pollution, Waste, and harmful substances

Explanation:

Pros

Cheap: it's cheaper then using other energy sources and is a lot less expensive to extract

Reliable: Coal can supply power during peak demand which means avoiding blackouts.

Abundant: there are approximately over 300 years of coal deposits still available.

Cons

Pollution: the byproducts from coal can cause a lot of pollution and can contribute to global warming

Waste: a lot of waste which can no longer be reused is generated from coal fired plants.

Harmful Substances: Coal fired plants emit harmful substances to the environment including Sulfur, Mercury, Dioxide, Arsenic and Etc.

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Answer: 2, 4, 6

Explanation: A beta particle is a high energy electron, emitted from the radioactive disintegration of an atomic nucleus. It has a -1 charge.

Answer

The rate increases to eight times the original rate.

Explanation

When the concentration of each reaction is doubled, the rate increases by eighth compared to the initial rate.

Example: Rate =k[A][B]^2

Lets assume : [A]1 = 0.1 and [A]2 = 0.2

[B]1 = 0.2 and [B]2 = 0.4

Initially: Rate = (0.1)(0.2)^2 = 4x10^-3

After doubling: Rate = (0.2)(0.4)^2 = 0.032

Divide the final answer by the initial one

=> 0.032/4x10^-3 = 8

Heat required is mcΔT=100×0.39×50=1950 J

Solve any question of Thermodynamics with:-

The specific heat of the substance that requires 270 J of energy to raise the temperature is 2.57 J/g⁰C.

The specific heat capacity of the substance is calculated as follows;

Q = mcΔФ

where;

c = Q/mΔФ

c = (270) / (4.2 x 25)

c = 2.57 J/g⁰C

Thus, the specific heat of the substance that requires 270 J of energy to raise the temperature is 2.57 J/g⁰C.

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Answer:

Cloud form

Explanation:

Evaporation happens when a liquid substance becomes a gas. When water is heated, it evaporates. The molecules move and vibrate so quickly that they escape into the atmosphere as molecules of water vapor. ... Once water evaporates, it also helps form clouds.

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The sheathing is a layer installed on the exterior of a structure to provide structural stability, insulation, and a base for siding, enhancing the building's durability and energy efficiency.

The sheathing is a layer of material that is installed on the exterior of a structure, typically on the studs, to provide structural stability, insulation, and a base for siding. It serves as a protective barrier against external elements and helps to maintain the integrity and strength of the building.

Sheathing materials can vary and may include plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), or other composite panels. These materials are durable and resistant to moisture, providing a solid foundation for attaching exterior finishes such as siding.

In addition to providing structural stability, sheathing also contributes to the insulation of the building envelope. It helps to reduce heat loss or gain, improving energy efficiency and creating a more comfortable indoor environment.

Overall, sheathing plays a crucial role in supporting the exterior finishes of a building, enhancing its durability, thermal performance, and aesthetic appeal.

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Answer:

818.6 KJ/mol

Explanation:

2Al(s) + 3H2O(l) → Al2O3(s) + 3H2(g)

∆H=∆Hp-∆Hr

∆H=(1(∆HAl2O3)+3(∆HH2))-(2(∆HAl)+3(∆HH2O))

∆H=((-1676.0 KJ/mol)+3(0 KJ/mol))-(2(0 KJ/mol)+3(-285.8 KJ/mol))

∆H=-818.6 KJ/mol

It can be assumed that it is within the acceptable range for domestic use. Rapid temperature changes or high temperatures can also cause damage to pipes and fittings.

Task 3a: Discuss the significance of the measured water parameters collected from Hardap Dam for aquatic life.Water parameters are chemical, biological and physical characteristics of the water. They are important indicators of the quality of water. Hardap Dam is a habitat for a variety of aquatic life such as fish, birds, plants and insects. The measured water parameters for different depths include oxygen, pH and temperature.The concentration of oxygen in the water is crucial to aquatic life. Oxygen is required for respiration by aquatic animals. The surface oxygen concentration of 7.5 mg/L measured in Hardap Dam is adequate for most aquatic life. However, some fish species require higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen to survive. As water depth increases, the oxygen concentration decreases.

This can be seen in the decreasing oxygen concentration at depths below the surface. Low oxygen concentration can lead to suffocation of aquatic life, changes in species composition and nutrient cycling.PH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water. Aquatic life requires a pH range of 6.5-9.0 to survive. The pH of 7.9 measured at the surface of Hardap Dam indicates that the water is slightly alkaline. The pH values for the deeper water layers were not provided but it can be assumed that they are likely to be similar. Extreme pH values can lead to stress and death of aquatic organisms.Temperature is an important parameter that influences the metabolic rates of aquatic organisms. Temperature affects the solubility of oxygen and other gases in water. It also determines the rate of biochemical reactions in organisms. The temperature of the water at the surface of Hardap Dam was not provided.

However, it can be assumed that it is within the range of tolerance for most aquatic organisms.

As water depth increases, temperature decreases. Rapid temperature changes or high temperatures can cause stress and death in aquatic organisms. Task 3b: Evaluate the significance of the measured water parameters in relation to the use of Hardap Dam water for domestic purposes.Water is a critical resource for human survival. Hardap Dam supplies water to communities for domestic purposes. The water quality is important to prevent the spread of diseases and illness. The measured water parameters for different depths of the dam include oxygen, pH and temperature.

These parameters affect the suitability of the water for domestic use.Oxygen concentration in the water is important for the removal of pollutants and odours. The surface oxygen concentration of 7.5 mg/L measured in Hardap Dam is adequate for this purpose. As the water depth increases, oxygen concentration decreases. Low oxygen concentration can lead to unpleasant tastes and odours in the water.PH is important for the taste and aesthetics of water. The pH of 7.9 measured at the surface of Hardap Dam is within the acceptable range for domestic use. Extreme pH values can cause water to taste bitter or metallic.

Changes in pH can also affect the corrosion of pipes and fittings.Temperature can affect the growth of microorganisms in the water. High temperatures can promote the growth of harmful bacteria such as E. coli. The temperature of the water at the surface of Hardap Dam was not provided. However, it can be assumed that it is within the acceptable range for domestic use. Rapid temperature changes or high temperatures can also cause damage to pipes and fittings.

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The acid with the formula H2SnO2 (aq) is called stannous acid.

What is Chemical Formula?

Chemical formulas are used to represent various types of chemical entities, including elements, compounds, ions, and molecules. They provide important information about the chemical composition and structure of a substance, allowing scientists and chemists to communicate and understand the properties and behavior of chemicals.

Stannous acid is a compound containing tin (Sn) in a +2 oxidation state (hence the prefix "stannous") and is derived from the oxide of tin, which is SnO2. The formula H2SnO2 indicates that stannous acid is a monoprotic acid, capable of donating two protons (H+) in solution. It is an inorganic acid and exists in aqueous solution (indicated by "(aq)").

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Answer:

Explanation:

The new pressure can be found by using the formula for Boyle's law which is

\(P_1V_1 = P_2V_2\)

where

P1 is the initial pressure

P2 is the final pressure

V1 is the initial volume

V2 is the final volume

Since we're finding the new pressure

\(P_2 = \frac{P_1V_1}{V_2} \\\)

We have

\(P_2 = \frac{27 \times 759}{11.4} = \frac{20493}{11.4} \\ = 1797.631....\)

We have the final answer as

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Water 3.0 deals mainly with sewage treatment. The primary aim of this project is to reduce the harmful impacts of chemical pollutants from industrial and agricultural activities on natural water resources.

Currently, used wastewater treatment technologies can break down some of the chemicals in wastewater but not all of them. Chemicals that are not broken down are referred to as persistent organic pollutants. These chemicals persist in the environment for long periods, and they can cause severe damage to aquatic life and human health.
Currently, the primary challenge facing water treatment technologies is the removal of persistent organic pollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals from wastewater.

These pollutants are generally water-soluble and resist microbial degradation, making them hard to remove from wastewater using current water treatment technologies. For example, conventional activated sludge treatment used in wastewater treatment plants does not remove some persistent organic pollutants from wastewater.
Failure to remove these pollutants from wastewater can have significant environmental and health impacts.

For example, pharmaceutical chemicals can cause antibiotic resistance, while endocrine-disrupting chemicals can cause birth defects, cancer, and other health problems.

Therefore, there is a need to improve wastewater treatment technologies to remove persistent organic pollutants from wastewater.
In conclusion, wastewater treatment technologies can break down some chemicals but not all. Chemicals that are not broken down are persistent organic pollutants and pose a significant risk to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is important to develop wastewater treatment technologies that can remove these pollutants from wastewater.

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The amount in moles of the excess reactant left is 0.5 mole.

Balanced equation- 2ZnS (s) + 3O₂(g) --> 2ZnO (s) + 2SO₂(g).

What is another name for zinc sulfide?

From the balanced equation,

2 moles of ZnS reacted with 3 moles of O₂

How to determine the excess reactant

From the balanced equation,

2 moles of ZnS reacted with 3 moles of O₂

Therefore,

4.2 moles of ZnS will react with =(4.2 × 3) / 2 = 6.3 moles of O₂

From the calculations made above, we can see that only 6.3 moles of O₂ out of 6.8 moles given, is required to react completely with 4.2 moles of ZnS.

Thus, ZnS is the limiting reactant and O₂ is the excess reactant.

How to determine the mole of the excess reactant remaining

The excess reactant is O₂. Thus the mole remaining after the reaction can be obtained as illustrated below:

Mole of O₂ given = 6.8 moles

Mole of O₂ that reacted = 6.3 moles

Mole of O₂ remaining =?

Mole of O₂ remaining = (Mole of O₂ given) - (Mole of O₂ that reacted)

Mole of O₂ remaining = 6.8 - 6.3

Mole of O₂ remaining = 0.5 mole

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Taking into account the Charles' law, the temperature of the gas if the volume drops to 75.0 L is 246 K or -27 C.

Charles' law establishes the relationship between the temperature and the volume of a gas when the pressure is constant. This law says that for a given sum of gas at constant pressure, as the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases and as the temperature decreases, the volume of the gas decreases. That is, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.

Mathematically, Charles' law is a law that says that when the amount of gas and pressure remain constant, the ratio between volume and temperature will always have the same value:

\(\frac{V}{T}=k\)

Considering an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is fulfilled:

\(\frac{V1}{T1}=\frac{V2}{T2}\)

In this case, you know:

Replacing in Charles's law:

\(\frac{100 L}{328 K}=\frac{75 L}{T2}\)

Solving:

\(T2x\frac{100 L}{328 K}=75 L\)

\(T2=\frac{75 L}{\frac{100 L}{328 K}}\)

T2= 246 K= -27 C

Finally, the temperature of the gas if the volume drops to 75.0 L is 246 K or -27 C.

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Answer:

a

Explanation:

To find the concentration of HCl, we need to calculate the moles of base added to neutralize the acid, the moles of acid originally in the beaker, and then use these values to determine the molarity of HCl.

a) To find the moles of base (NaOH) added, we can use the formula:

Moles of NaOH = Volume of NaOH (in L) × Molarity of NaOH

Converting the volume to liters and using the given values:

Moles of NaOH = 0.080 L × 2.5 mol/L = 0.2 mol

b) Since the reaction is a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio between NaOH and HCl, the moles of acid (HCl) will be equal to the moles of base added. Therefore, there were also 0.2 mol of HCl originally in the beaker.

c) Now, we can calculate the molarity of HCl using the formula:

Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution (in L)

Given that the volume of the acid is 100.0 mL (or 0.100 L) and the moles of acid is 0.2 mol:

Molarity of HCl = 0.2 mol / 0.100 L = 2.0 M

Therefore, the molarity of the HCl solution is 2.0 M.

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The structural formula of a molecule or polyatomic ion shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule and the bonds between them.

A structural formula is a graphic representation of a molecule that shows how the atoms are arranged. It depicts the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional way that demonstrates the molecule's structure. A molecule's structural formula gives us critical information about the molecular structure and the chemical bonding that occurs between atoms.The structural formula of a molecule or polyatomic ion shows the molecular structure, which is the way atoms are organized in the molecule or ion. It shows how many atoms of each element are present in the molecule and how they are bonded to one another. The bonds may be single, double, or triple bonds, which determine the molecule's shape. The molecular shape, in turn, has implications for the molecule's properties, such as its polarity, solubility, and reactivity.

In summary, a structural formula is an important tool for understanding the molecular structure of a molecule or polyatomic ion.

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The hybridization of the central atom in AlCl4− is sp3.

The central atom in AlCl4− is aluminum, which has three valence electrons in its outermost shell. To form the AlCl4− ion, aluminum must share its three valence electrons with the four chlorine atoms surrounding it. This gives aluminum a total of eight valence electrons and leads to a tetrahedral arrangement of the chlorine atoms around the aluminum ion.

The hybridization of the central atom in AlCl4− can be determined by examining the geometry of the molecule and the number of electron domains around the central atom. In this case, there are four electron domains around the aluminum ion, which corresponds to an sp3 hybridization. This hybridization results from the mixing of the 3s and three 3p orbitals of aluminum to form four hybrid orbitals that are arranged in a tetrahedral geometry.

Therefore, This hybridization explains the tetrahedral geometry of the molecule and the arrangement of the four chlorine atoms around the aluminum ion.

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We need to measure 30.42 ml of the 1.277 M stock NaOH solution and dilute it to a final volume of 250.0 ml to obtain a 0.1236 M dilute NaOH solution.

To prepare 250.0 ml of a 0.1236 M dilute NaOH solution from a 1.277 M stock NaOH solution, we can use the following formula:

C1V1 = C2V2

where C1 is the concentration of the stock solution, V1 is the volume of the stock solution needed, C2 is the concentration of the dilute solution, and V2 is the final volume of the dilute solution.

Substituting the values into the equation, we get:

(1.277 M) V1 = (0.1236 M) (250.0 ml)

V1 = (0.1236 M) (250.0 ml) / (1.277 M)

V1 = 30.42 ml

Therefore, we need to measure 30.42 ml of the 1.277 M stock NaOH solution and dilute it to a final volume of 250.0 ml to obtain a 0.1236 M dilute NaOH solution.

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Answer:

I hope this answer is correct

Explanation:

Element having electronic configuration 1s

2

,2s

2

,2p

6

,3s

2

,3p

6

,3d

10

,4s

2

,4p

6

,4d

10

,5s

2

,5p

3