warning average cell count less than 5, lr chi square suspect

Answers

Answer 1

When a warning message displays an average cell count of less than 5, it means that there are cells in the contingency table with very few observations. This can lead to unstable estimates and unreliable statistical inference.

One way to address this issue is to merge or collapse categories with low frequencies. Another approach is to use exact tests or simulate p-values instead of relying on the traditional chi-square test. However, when the low cell count is due to a rare event or a small sample size, caution should be exercised to avoid overinterpreting the results or making false conclusions. Always check the assumptions and limitations of the statistical method used, and consider alternative explanations or sources of bias.

It seems like you are concerned about a warning regarding the average cell count being less than 5 and suspecting the LR chi-square. In statistical analysis, particularly chi-square tests, it is essential to have a sufficient cell count to ensure accurate results.

When the average cell count is less than 5, the test's validity may be compromised, leading to unreliable conclusions. The LR (Likelihood Ratio) chi-square is one of the test statistics used to assess the goodness-of-fit. If it's suspect, the test results may not accurately represent the relationship between variables. To address this issue, consider increasing the sample size or using alternative statistical methods better suited for low cell counts.

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Related Questions

How do animals get the energy they need to live?

Answers

According to the research, animals get the energy they need to live by feeding on other living beings.

What are animals?

They are those that ingest their food to obtain energy, nitrogen and carbon, they achieve it from feeding on other living beings, and absorb oxygen through breathing.

In this sense, they feed on other organisms to obtain the already synthesized organic matter.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, animals obtain their energy from an external source of organic matter.

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Which cells are no longer capable of carrying out the process of dna transcription?.

Answers

The cells that is no longer capable of carrying out the process of DNA transcription is the Tracheids cells.

Tracheids cells

They are a long and tapered lignified cell in the xylem of vascular plants. The main functions of tracheid cells are to transport inorganic salts and water, and they also provide structural support for trees.

Therefore, tracheids cells is the cell which is no longer capable of carrying out the process of dna transcription.

Answers

Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA), also known as Bier block, is a kind of regional anesthesia that is commonly used to provide anesthesia to the upper and lower limbs. It is a fast, straightforward, and cost-effective method that involves the use of a tourniquet to cut off blood supply to the limb, followed by the injection of a local anesthetic agent into a vein distal to the tourniquet's position.

The primary use of intravenous regional anesthesia is in the treatment of surgical procedures on the arm, forearm, hand, and fingers. The tourniquet is used to compress the veins and prevent the anesthetic agent from reaching the systemic circulation, which helps to keep the systemic circulation unaffected. When the local anesthetic is introduced into the limb through an IV catheter, it spreads throughout the limb and provides complete anesthesia.

The IVRA technique is a valuable tool for patients who need surgery on the arm, forearm, hand, or fingers. It is also useful for patients who have a history of allergy to local anesthetic agents or who have comorbidities that make the use of general anesthesia challenging. IVRA is a safe and effective technique when used correctly by experienced practitioners.

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what is one abiotic-abiotic interaction affected by the wildfires in California?

Answers

Answer:

Anthropogenic. Air pollution. Fire. Oil spills. Radioactive contamination.Climatological.Geophysical.Hydrological.Meteorological.

Until fairly recently, average human life spans were less than 50 years. The major reason for this was that.

Answers

The major reason why the average human lifespans were less than 50 years until fairly recently is due to infectious diseases like tuberculosis, cholera and smallpox. It was also because the causes and cure of other major diseases like malaria and plague had not yet been found.

The lifespan of an entire population of people is known as the life expectancy, while the lifespan of an individual is a measure of the length of a person's life. Until recent years, causes, modes of transmission and treatment of common diseases were not known. Access to good medical care was difficult and hygienic conditions then were very poor. For example, it wasn't until the mid-1800's that people came to know that washing of hands could stop the spread of diseases, and until the late 1800's doctors didn't adequately wash their hands before performing a surgery.

Unhygienic conditions also made it easier for deadly infectious diseases like the Bubonic plague, the Black plague and the Spanish flu to spread, further reducing the already low life expectancy.

Today, thanks to good hygiene, better understanding of transmission of microbes, environmental sanitations, early immunizations and access to clean water, life expectancy has increased.

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WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN IF
ALL THE HERBIVORES IN
A FOOD WEB
DISAPPEAR?

Answers

Answer:

Well, if all the herbivores disappeared, multiple things could occur. Without anyone keeping plants in check, plants may grow too abundant and may be harmful to the food web. Not only that, but predators that eat herbivors might starve without food. On the plus side, natural resources like water would increase without herbivores drinking/using it.

I hope this helps :)

Explanation:

Carnivores wouldn’t have their food supply anymore and could starve. Plants could also grow out of control without herbivores to eat them and keep ecosystem in balance

clonal animals do not reshuffle their genes through genetic recombination, whereas sexually reproducing animals do. explain how this difference could affect how pathogens interact with clonal animals and how they interact with sexually reproducing animals.

Answers

Clonal animals lack genetic diversity, making them vulnerable to pathogen attacks. Sexually reproducing animals have genetic diversity to resist pathogens.

Clonal creatures replicate abiogenetically, bringing about posterity that are hereditarily indistinguishable from the parent. This really intends that there is no hereditary variety among people, and any beneficial qualities are acquired by all posterity. Conversely, physically repeating creatures reshuffle their qualities through hereditary recombination, bringing about posterity with one of a kind blends of qualities. This hereditary variety permits physically imitating creatures to adjust to changing natural circumstances and expands their possibilities enduring microbe assaults.

Microbes communicate distinctively with clonal and physically repeating creatures. Clonal creatures need hereditary variety, making them helpless against microbe assaults. When a microorganism has adjusted to contaminate one individual, it can taint all people in the populace. Physically replicating creatures, then again, have hereditary variety, which can give a people protection from microorganisms. This variety implies that microbes make some harder memories contaminating the whole populace, making physically repeating creatures less powerless against microorganism assaults.

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How High heat capacity does this help organisms on a
SMALL scale?

Answers

Answer:

the property of high heat capacity allows highly regulated internal body temperatures.

Explanation:

In 1980, the __________ was passed to identify hazardous wastes and their life cycles.
A)
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
B)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
C)
Integrated Waste Management ACT (IWMA)
D)
Americal Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
E)
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Right on Edg

Answer:

e.) CERCLA

Explanation:

CERCLA was passed in 1980 as a way to begin developing practices to handle and clean up hazardous wastes.

Which piece of evidence, if discovered, would most directly contradict the current model for how Earth’s oceans and atmosphere formed?

Answers

Answer:Water covers about 70 percent of the Earth's surface, but where did it come ... These two pieces of evidence would favor an asteroid origin.

Explanation:

Answer:

B. Comets meteoroids, and asteroids in the solar system contains no ice.

Explanation:

Was right for me

If the SOLUTE concentration is higher on the left than the right, in which direction will the water move?

Answers

is the B is correct the letter (B)

Water will move to the side with more solutes (from right to left) therefore, option (B) is correct.

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the movement of particles or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. It is a natural process that occurs in liquids, gases, and solids and is driven by the tendency of particles to move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration in order to achieve equilibrium.

Diffusion is a vital process in living organisms, as it helps to distribute nutrients, oxygen, and other substances throughout the body. It also plays a role in the movement of gases in and out of cells and in the regulation of temperature and pH within cells.

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a dysfunctional p-tefb protein that has lost its kinase ability is expressed in a eukaryotic cell. which could be expected to occur?

Answers

If a eukaryotic cell expresses a P-TEFB protein without kinase activity, it can result in:

1. Reduced transcriptional elongation

2. Altered gene expression

3. Proliferation.

Reduced transcriptional elongation: Without the ability of P-TEFB to phosphorylate RNA polymerase II and promote its release from paused sites, transcriptional elongation may be slowed or even stalled.

This could result in reduced levels of mRNA synthesis and, ultimately, decreased levels of protein production.

Altered gene expression: If certain genes are particularly sensitive to changes in the rate of transcriptional elongation, they may be affected differently in cells expressing the dysfunctional P-TEFB protein compared to wild-type cells.

This could lead to changes in cellular phenotype and altered cellular behavior.

Abnormal cell growth or proliferation: If the regulation of gene expression is significantly impacted by the loss of P-TEFB kinase activity.

This could affect the cell cycle and cell growth. In some cases, it may result in cell death or impaired cell proliferation.

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Which cut on the evolutionary tree would create a clade?

A, B, C, D

(See photo for example)

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

When recording a customer payment in the Receive Payments window, which account should you select in the Deposit To field in order to later group multiple payments for deposit to the bank?
A. Cost of Goods Sold.
B. Accounts Receivable.
C. Undeposited Funds.
D. Checking account.

Answers

When recording a customer payment in the receive payment window one should choose a checking account. the correct option is D, checking account.

What is a checking account?

A checking account is a type of bank account that allows individuals or businesses to deposit, withdraw, and manage their funds easily.

Key features of a checking account:

Deposits and Withdrawals.Check Writing.Debit Card Access.Online and Mobile Banking.Account Statements.

The checking account represents the bank account where the payments will be deposited once they are grouped together. Selecting the Checking account in the Deposit To field, ensure that the received payments are properly tracked and recorded. This allows you to later group multiple payments for deposit to the bank.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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After proteins are made, they must be
sorted and packaged in preparation for
use by the cell. Where does this take
place?
A. endoplasmic reticulum
B. cell wall C.Golgi bodies

Answers

C. Golgi Bodies, also called Golgi Apparatus

the salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas secrete ____________ enzymes to break down triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol.

Answers

The salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas secrete lipase enzymes to break down triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol.

Lipases are a set of water-soluble enzymes that hydrolyze substrates such as triglycerides and phospholipids, have a similar structure and are essential in the metabolism of lipoproteins and lipids.

That is, the function of lipase enzymes is to hydrolyze triglycerides to generate diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acids and glycerol.

About lipase enzymes:

It acts on the neutral fats in the diet, splitting them into triglycerides or diglycerides and these to monoglyceride, which is the most easily absorbed fatty compound.

The action of lipase is much more manifest on triglyceride, and it is also much faster the higher the molecular weight of the fatty acid present.

It acts on the surface and in an aqueous medium, the emulsifying agent represented by bile salts is essential for optimum effectiveness.

They are widely distributed, with a presence in the animal and plant kingdoms and even in the simplest unicellular organisms.

Therefore, we can conclude that the salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas secrete lipase enzymes to break down triglycerides into monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol.

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in a chemical reaction bonds in the reactants molecules are broken and new bonds are formed to yield products. how does an enzyme make this happen an optimal rate in a cell?

Answers

Answer:

A. It increases the amount of energy needed to break the bonds in the substrate.

Explanation:

Enzymes are known to be protein-based catalyst. It helps to speed up the chemical reactions that take place in the human body. They actually bind molecules and work in ways to alter chemical reactions. These enzymes are needed for food digestion, reproduction, healing diseases, blood coagulation, etc.

Enzymes help to increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy. Certain enzymes can work to convert substrate to product at million of times faster. As a catalyst, it increases the energy needed to break bonds found in the substrate. This makes the reaction to occur at a faster rate.

If a disease decreased the population of cottontail rabbits for a short period of time, which animal populations would experience an increase in competition with each other for food?.

Answers

The animal populations that would experience an increase in competition for food due to the decreased population of cottontail rabbits are predators and other herbivores within the ecosystem.

With a decline in the cottontail rabbit population, predators such as foxes, coyotes, and birds of prey that rely on rabbits as a food source would face reduced availability of their primary prey. This would lead to increased competition among predators for alternative food sources or hunting targets.

Additionally, the decrease in rabbit population could also impact other herbivores that share similar dietary preferences or occupy the same ecological niche. These herbivores, such as deer or ground-dwelling rodents, may experience heightened competition for the available vegetation and plant resources, as the reduced rabbit population puts greater pressure on the limited food supply.

Overall, the decrease in cottontail rabbit population would trigger a cascade effect, affecting the predator-prey dynamics and interspecies competition within the ecosystem, potentially impacting the population dynamics and resource utilization of other animal species.

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.
What is the best way to classify a Goliath bird-eating spider?
omnivore
carnivore
herbivore

Answers

The answer is a carnivore

TOPIC: CARBONS BONDS
I need a formula with 14 carbons, using single and double bonds
PLEASE, I WILL GIVD YOU CROWN

Answers

One possible formula with 14 carbons, using single and double bonds, is C7H10O3.

Start with a carbon backbone: C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C.
This gives you 14 carbon atoms connected in a straight chain.To introduce double bonds, we need to remove two hydrogen atoms and create double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms. Let's choose the 3rd and 4th carbon atoms from the left.Remove two hydrogen atoms from the 3rd and 4th carbon atoms: C=C-C=C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C.Now, we need to balance the number of hydrogen atoms. Each carbon atom should have four bonds. Since we removed two hydrogen atoms, we need to add two double bonds.Introduce two double bonds between the 1st and 2nd carbon atoms and between the 6th and 7th carbon atoms: C=C-C=C-C=C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C.To complete the formula, add hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom to satisfy the valency.

The final formula, with 14 carbons and using single and double bonds, is C7H8.

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Vitamin A is very large organic molecule made from twenty atoms of carbon, one atom of oxygen, and thirty atoms of hydrogen. How many atoms are in one vitamin A molecule?
51
17
68
34

Answers

Vitamin A is a very large organic molecule made from twenty atoms of carbon, one atom of oxygen, and thirty atoms of hydrogen number of atoms in one vitamin A molecule will be 51. The correct answer is A.

To determine the number of atoms in one vitamin A molecule, we add up the total number of atoms present in its chemical formula. According to the given information, vitamin A is composed of twenty carbon atoms (C20), one oxygen atom (O1), and thirty hydrogen atoms (H30).

Therefore, the total number of atoms in one vitamin A molecule can be calculated by adding the individual counts of each atom: 20 + 1 + 30 = 51.

It's important to note that the chemical composition of vitamin A can vary slightly depending on the specific form or derivative of vitamin A, but the given information in this context assumes the composition of a typical vitamin A molecule.

Hence, the correct answer is A) 51, indicating that there are 51 atoms in one vitamin A molecule.

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Question

Vitamin A is very large organic molecule made from twenty atoms of carbon, one atom of oxygen, and thirty atoms of hydrogen. How many atoms are in one vitamin A molecule?

A) 51

B) 17

C) 68

D) 34

What is 14.48 to the nearest 0.1

Answers

the answer would be 14.50

Answer:

14.50

Explanation:

if your trying to find the nearest 0.1 and the number is 14.48 you need to round it by the number next to it and that is 14.48, if the number is greater than 5 you round up, and 8 is greater than 5. Meaning you round 4 up meaning its 5. Making the total number, 14.50.

You are studying a population of Dlugosch’s Small Octopus that has been suffering from a skin disease. In your work, you find that some individuals have more resistance (immunity) to the disease than others. You remember learning about life history trade-offs in your Ecology class, and you hypothesize that immunity trades off with investments in other major life history traits in the octopuses. You decide to design a study to test whether higher immunity leads to a lower number of eggs produced by females.
9. State a prediction for what the results of your study would look like if they support the hypothesis given in the Mission.
Make a figure of results that would be consistent with that prediction:
Label y axis with the variable that should be on the
Label x axis with the variable that should be on the
Draw results bars or lines consistent with your prediction
If the infection reduces the population size of the octopus, would you predict an r or a K strategy would be more likely to evolve (based on what we discussed in class)? Explain why that life history strategy would be favored in a small population, and give at least two traits associated with the strategy that you predict.

Answers

If higher immunity leads to a lower number of eggs produced by females in Dlugosch's Small Octopus, then there will be a negative correlation between immunity level and egg production.

A K approach would be more likely to develop if the illness causes the octopus population to decline. Resources are few in a tiny community, therefore long-term stability and survival are prioritized over rapid population expansion. The K approach emphasizes having fewer kids while allocating more resources to ensuring their survival and welfare. In a small population, the following two characteristics connected to a K strategy might be more prevalent:

Increased parental care: Parents invest more time and resources in raising a smaller number of offspring to increase their chances of survival and reproductive success.

Delayed maturation: Individuals take longer to reach reproductive maturity, allowing them to invest more time in growth, development, and building up resources before reproduction.

These traits help ensure the survival and success of the limited number of offspring in a small population, aligning with the K-selected life history strategy.

In this figure, the y-axis represents the number of eggs produced by females, and the x-axis represents the immunity level of the octopuses. The bars or lines would show a decreasing trend as the immunity level increases, indicating a negative relationship between immunity and egg production.

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You are studying a population of Dlugoschs Small Octopus that has been suffering from a skin disease.

In order to run 200 m in 15 seconds, a runner must run at a speed of

Answers

Answer:

13.333 miles per hour

Explanation:

All you have to do is divide the speed to time, so 200/15 and you get 13.333

Hope you succeed in whatever your doing! <3

Answer:

13.333 mph

Explanation:

The chemical colchicine is used in the production of karyotypes. Colchicine prevents spindle fibers from forming during the cell cycle. What is a result of preventing spindle fibers from forming? Answer
A The cell cycle skips G1 phase
B Mitotic division is skipped, and the cell cycle proceeds to cytokinesis.
C Mitotic division stops in metaphase and cannot proceed to anaphase.
D The cell cycle skips S phase and proceeds to G2 phase.

Answers

Answer: the correct answer is C

Explanation:

Preventing the formation of spindle fibers makes the mitotic division stop in metaphase, and thus fail to proceed to anaphase.

• Colchicine prevents the polymerization of the microtubule, and thus, prevents the arrangement of the mitotic spindle, which shows the prevalence of another checkpoint in the cell cycle.

• As a result, the activity of the maturation promoting factor remains high, the chromosomes stay condensed, and the nuclear envelope fails to redevelop.

• A toxic effect is exerted on the living cells by the colchicine, which usually results in the arrest of the process of mitosis at an eventual stage, generally the metaphase, with the generation of unusual and bizarre nuclear configurations, and thus, resulting in the death of the cell.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

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how do cells use oxygen during cellular respiration

Answers

Answer:

In cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to break the sugar molecule. That releases the energy which is then transferred to an ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecule. ATP is the fuel that cells need for energy. And where does cellular respiration happen?

Explanation:

If you were floating in a raft in an ocean current, you and the raft would

O move back and forth

O not move with the water

O move with the current

Answers

Answer: move with the current or move back and forth but you definitely wouldn’t not move

Explanation:

Was Julian the only chemist working on the synthesis of physostigmine?

Answers

In 11 synthetic stages, Julian and Josef Pikl, a chemical assistant, put together physostigmine starting with phenacetin. The three-year endeavor was chronicled in a number of publications published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

The parasympathomimetic alkaloid physostigmine, commonly known as eserine from éséré, the West African name for the Calabar bean, is very poisonous and acts as a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It naturally exists in the fruit of the Manchineel tree and the Calabar bean.

Percy Lavon Julian and Josef Pikl created the substance for the first time in 1935. It is offered in the United States as eserine salicylate and eserine sulfate, as well as under the brand names Antilirium and Isopto Eserine.

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Can someone plz help Me? :(