Use the word bank below to answer the questions that follow:

chemical mixture heat capacity
homogeneous viscosity sublimation
physical property compound chemical formula
substance density mass
temperature pressure heterogeneous

Use the picture to answer question 15.

A close up of Chex mix (crackers, cereal and pretzels) is shown.
The individual substances of the mixture shown above are easily distinguished and easily separated. This is an example of what kind of mixture?
your answer goes here__

The number of phases that exist in equilibrium in a system depends upon the variables like temperature, pressure and composition. Here at 1 atm pressure water is in solid phase. The correct option is D.

The phase equilibria studies are made simpler by the use of plots which show how the various equilibria depend on the temperature, pressure and composition variables. These diagrams are called phase diagrams.

Here the pressure 1 atm on y-axis coincides with the temperature -5°C on x-axis. The water system is a one component system. So the water is in solid phase.

Thus the correct option is D.

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The best description of the source of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that could accumulate in the tissues of a top predator is option B: DDT and other pesticides that are sprayed to control mosquitoes.

POPs are toxic chemicals that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in the food chain, and can cause adverse effects on both wildlife and humans. DDT is a well-known example of a POP, used widely in the past for mosquito control to prevent the spread of diseases like malaria.

In contrast, methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) from livestock operations (option A) are greenhouse gases contributing to climate change but do not bioaccumulate in organisms. CFCs (option C) were mainly used as refrigerants and propellants and have been phased out due to their ozone-depleting properties, but they are not directly linked to bioaccumulation in predators. Lastly, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) released from coal-burning power plants (option D) is a pollutant causing acid rain, but it does not bioaccumulate in organisms like POPs.

Therefore, among the given options, DDT and other pesticides used for mosquito control (option B) are the most likely source of POPs that could accumulate in the tissues of top predators.

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Answer: F : Gas

Explanation:

NaCl is correct answer of your question

Answer:

NH4OH

Explanation:

BCOZ IT IS PRESENT IN 15th GROUO WHICH NON METAL

When conduct electricity an ion from this excited state, 54.4 eV of energy must be provided.

What is an definition of energy?

Energy is referred to and by scientists as the capacity for work. People have figured out how to transform energy from one type to another and then use it to accomplish tasks, making modern civilization possible. Chemical, electrical, radiant, mechanical, thermal, and nuclear energy are the six main types of energy. Additional forms including electrochemical, acoustic, electromagnetic, and others might be addressed in other studies.

Briefing:

Since this electron has an energy of,

E₂=-Z²*13.6/n² eV

=-4²*13.6/2² eV

=-54.4eV

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Based on their pOH values, the difference in [OH– ] concentration between point A and point B is 10^6.

The pH is determined by the concentration of Hydrogen ions [H+]. The higher the concentration of H+ ions, the lower the pH of a substance. If the concentration of H+ is greater than OH-, the material is acidic, i.e. the pH value is less than 7

In this case, the formula for this will be:

\(pH= -log[H+]\)

So we have:

\([OH]= 14-1= 10^{-13}\\[OH] = 14-7=10^{-7}\)

Therefore, the difference in [OH– ] concentration between point A and point B is 10^6.

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Answer: 10^6

Explanation: edge2023

Answer:

Catalysts play a significant role in transesterification of vegetable oils. ... Eggshell has a large amount of calcium carbonate that can be ...

‎Abstract · ‎Introduction · ‎Catalysis in transesterification · ‎Conclusion and prospects

Explanation:

The industrial production of biodiesel is catalyzed by calcium carbonate catalyst which increases the rate of reaction many folds. The cost of catalyzed reaction decreases as activation energy decreases.

Catalyst is a substance that enhance the rate of any chemical reaction without participating in the chemical reaction. Catalyst generally increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy of that chemical reaction.

Biodiesel is formed by reaction of vegetable oil. For the conversion of vegetable oil to biodiesel oil we use calcium carbonate as catalyst.

As we said earlier that catalyst reduces activation energy that means requires less energy for conversion. So we need lower cost to provider lower energy. Hence use of catalyst reduces costs.

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Answer:

Three half-lives

Explanation:

12.5% is one-eighth. One eighth is the cube of one half, so it would take three half-lives to reduce a reactant's concentration to 12.5%

Three half-lives are required for the concentration of reactant to decrease to 12. 5% of its original value.

Half -life of a substance is defined as the time which is required for half of the quantity of a radioactive substance to get decayed.It is a term which is used in nuclear chemistry for describing how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay into other nuclear species by emitting particles or the time which is required for number of disintegrations per second of radioactive material to decrease by one half of its initial value.

In the given example 12.5 % is 1/8  and three times 1/2 that is 1/2×1/2×1/2=1/8 , hence  three half lives are  required for the concentration of reactant to decrease to 12. 5% of its original value.

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The concentration progressively increased as the water from the solution evaporated. This is because the amount in the flask would stay the same but the amount of water would decrease.

The atomic weight of sodium chloride (NaCl) is 58.44, which equals 58.44 grammes. If you mix 1 litre of finished solution with 58.44g of NaCl.

One gramme of solute is present in a 100 milliliter final volume one percent solution. For instance, a 1% NaCl solution is made by dissolving 1 g of sodium chloride in 100 ml of distilled water.

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False, Atoms are not charge-neutral and some have permanent dipole moments(1).False, Molecules are not always charge neutral and can have permanent dipole moments(2).

Both atoms and molecules have some charge because of the electrons.

The atoms themselves have no net charge, but the electrons are negatively charged. In other words, atoms are charge-neutral but their electrons are not.

Furthermore, atoms can have permanent dipole moments as well. For instance, a molecule of HCl has a permanent dipole moment because chlorine has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, which means that the shared electron pair is drawn closer to the chlorine than to the hydrogen.Molecules can also have a charge imbalance or permanent dipole moment.

When the molecule has an uneven distribution of charge, it becomes polar. A permanent dipole moment exists when the electrons within a covalent bond are not equally shared between the atoms.

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The two uses of dry ice include the following:

This is defined as a solid form of carbon dioxide and doesn't have a liquid state under normal atmospheric pressure. This is therefore the reason why it undergoes sublimation which involves the direct conversion of the solid phase to the gas phase.

Dry ice is used as a cooling agent in the preservation of substances via refrigeration etc and is also used in agriculture to speed up the growth of plants.

This is because plants need carbon dioxide for their photosynthetic activities and the aforementioned are therefore the appropriate uses of dry ice.

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Answer: Each molecule has a characteristic size and shape that determines its function in the living cell

Explanation:

The shapes of molecules are determined by the positions of the atoms' orbitals. When an atom forms covalent bonds, the orbitals in its valence shell are rearranged.

Answer:

Explanation:So if a neutron or two is added or removed from the nucleus, then the ... For example Cl–35 has an atomic mass of 35 u (17 protons and 18 neutrons), while Cl–37 ... Calculate the mass contribution of chlorine–35 to the average relative atomic mass ... Which of the following are isotopes of 3517Cl? 1735Cl. 3517Cl. 3717Cl.

Answer:

weathering

Explanation:

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Answer:

Mushroom farming, also known as mushroom cultivation, typically involves several key steps. Here's a general overview of the process:

Substrate Preparation: The first step is to prepare the substrate, which is the material on which the mushrooms will grow. Common substrates include materials like straw, wood chips, sawdust, or agricultural waste. The substrate needs to be properly prepared by pasteurization or sterilization to eliminate competing organisms and create favourable conditions for mushroom growth.

Inoculation: Once the substrate is prepared, it is inoculated with mushroom spawn. Spawn is a material containing mycelium, which is the vegetative part of the mushroom fungus. The mycelium acts as the "seed" for mushroom growth. The spawn is mixed or distributed throughout the substrate, either by hand or using specialized equipment.

Incubation: After inoculation, the substrate bags or containers are placed in a controlled environment with specific temperature, humidity, and lighting conditions. This stage is called incubation. During incubation, the mycelium grows and colonizes the substrate, forming a network of interconnected threads.

Casing: Once the mycelium has fully colonized the substrate, the next step is casing. Casing involves applying a layer of material on top of the colonized substrate, usually a mixture of peat moss and other additives. This casing layer provides a microenvironment that promotes the formation of mushroom fruiting bodies.

Fruiting: Following casing, the bags or trays containing the substrate and casing layer are moved to a fruiting room or chamber. The fruiting room is set to specific environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and lighting, which simulate the natural conditions required for mushroom growth. Under these conditions, small pinheads begin to form, which then develop into mature mushrooms.

Harvesting: Once the mushrooms have reached maturity, they are ready for harvest. Harvesting involves carefully plucking or cutting the mature mushrooms from the substrate. It is essential to handle the mushrooms gently to avoid damage.

Post-Harvest Management: After harvesting, the mushrooms are sorted, cleaned, and packaged for distribution. Proper post-harvest management, such as refrigeration or controlled storage conditions, may be necessary to maintain freshness and quality.

Crop Rotation and Maintenance: Following the harvest, the substrate may undergo a process called "crop rotation." This involves removing the spent substrate, disinfecting the growing area, and starting the process again with fresh substrate and spawning. Regular maintenance, including monitoring for pests and diseases, maintaining appropriate environmental conditions, and adjusting cultural practices, is crucial for successful mushroom farming.

It's important to note that specific mushroom species may have different cultivation requirements, and there may be variations in the process depending on the type of mushroom being grown. Additionally, mushroom farming can be done in various scales, from small-scale operations to large commercial farms, each with its own set of practices and equipment.

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The universal value of STP is 1 atm (pressure) and 0 o C. Note that this form specifically stated 0 o C degree, not 273 Kelvin, even thought you will have to convert into Kelvin when plugging this value into the Ideal Gas equation or any of the simple gas equations. In STP, 1 mole of gas will take up 22.4 L of the volume of the container.

Answer:

1. compound

2. observed

3. measured

4. A chemical property

Explanation:

Extra info:

We can further categorize the physical properties of matter as either intensive or extensive

Answer:

in details

Explanation:

what are the properties of iconic compounds?

Ionic compounds exist in the form of ionic groupings in certain forms called (crystalline forms), and we find in these shapes an organized crystal arrangement of ions so that every ion with a specific charge is attracted to a group of ions with the opposite charge, meaning that one ion is bound by several ionic bonds. At the same time, this explains the presence of ionic compounds usually in the solid state (high density). This situation also explains the high melting and boiling points of these compounds.

One of the most important characteristics of ionic compounds is their inability to conduct electrical conductivity in the solid state due to the ions binding and their inability to move while they become conductive of electricity when they are melted or dissolved in water (ions are free to move in the melt and in the aqueous solution).

And among its most important characteristics:

1- It dissolves in water and does not dissolve with benzene, for example (salt) because water is a polar solvent that can separate ions from each other.

2- It has a high melting point due to the force of electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions.

3- Its state is solid under normal conditions, due to the force of the electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ions.

4- Solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity, but their solutions with water conduct electricity, because when the compound is solid, the ions are connected to each other, but when the compound is a solution, the ions are free to move and conduct the electromagnetic current.

what are the properties of covalent compounds?

In covalent compounds (unlike ionic compounds), we can talk about independent molecules, as covalent compounds are composed of independent molecules linked together by different bonds (van derval, hydrogen) of varying strength. So there are covalent compounds in all three cases according to the strength of these bonds. There are covalent compounds in a gaseous state (weak bonds between molecules), covalent compounds in a liquid state, and also there are covalent compounds in a solid state (strong bonds between molecules). The same is true for melting and boiling points, so covalent compounds Their boiling and melting points vary according to the quality and strength of the bonds between the molecules.  

As for the electrical conductivity, in the pure state, the covalent compounds are mostly non-conductive because they are not originally charged or because they are electrically neutral in the presence of charges, but the charged ones may have what is known as the electric torque and will come.

Likewise, in their smelters, the molten solid covalent compound (such as molten sugar) is not conductive of electricity. As for the solution, it may be non-conductive as in the case of a sugar solution or be conductive as is the case in a solution of hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid) and the reason for conducting or not in the solution is due to The covalent compound ionization (conversion into separate ions by the action of a solvent) or its de-ionization.

Sugar does not ionize when dissolved in water. Rather, its molecules only separate from each other, while hydrogen chloride does ionize to the hydrogen ion and the chlorine ion.

which type of compound is sugar?

The chemical or molecular formula for sucrose is C 12 H 22 O 11, which means that each sugar molecule contains 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms, and 11 oxygen atoms. A type of sugar called sucrose is also known as sucrose. It is a sucrase made in many different plants.

The properties of the compounds are the following:

a. The properties of the ionic compounds are they are hard, form crystals, have high melting and boiling point, good insulators.

b. The properties of the covalent compound are they are soft, do not form the crystal, have low melting and boiling point, bad insulators.

c. Sugar is a covalent compound.

Covalent compounds are attracted by covalent bonds. They make bonds by sharing one or more pairs of valence electrons.

These compounds are ions or charged particles. They make bonds when an atom or more atoms lose or gain electrons.

Thus, the properties are a. The properties of the ionic compounds are they are hard, form crystals, have high melting and boiling point, good insulators.

b. The properties of the covalent compound are they are soft, do not form the crystal, have low melting and boiling point, bad insulators.

c. Sugar is a covalent compound.

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The diameter of a U.S. dime is 17.9 mm, and the diameter of a silver atom is 2.88 Å.

How many silver atoms could be arranged side by side across the diameter of a dime?

A diameter is simply the length of a straight line passing through the center of a circle from one end to the other.

We can assume that a dime is a circle, and therefore the diameter of the dime is 17.9 mm.

The diameter of an atom cannot be measured in millimeters but rather in angstroms.

The diameter of a silver atom is 2.88 Å.

One angstrom is equivalent to 1×10−10 meters (1/10th of a billionth of a meter).

Hence, to calculate the number of silver atoms that can be arranged side by side across the diameter of a dime,

we need to convert the diameter of a dime from mm to Å.

Angstroms (Å) = Millimeters (mm) / (1 × 10^-7)

That is, to convert millimeters (mm) to angstroms (Å),

Now we can calculate the number of silver atoms that can be arranged side by side across the diameter of a dime.

Since the diameter of a silver atom is 2.88 Å, we can divide the diameter of a dime by the diameter of a silver atom.

That is, we can divide 1.79 × 10^9 Å by 2.88 Å.

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Molecular hydrogen is not routinely studied using spectral lines for the purpose of studying molecular clouds.

Molecular hydrogen is not routinely studied using spectral lines for the purpose of studying molecular clouds. This is because molecular hydrogen emits very weak spectral lines in the radio frequency range, which makes it difficult to detect and study. Instead, other molecules such as carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and water are commonly used as tracers for molecular clouds due to their strong spectral lines.

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The value of equilibrium constant Qc for the given equation is 63.

The given equation is:

2NO₂(g) ⇌ N₂O₄(g)

The expression of the equilibrium constant is:

Qc = [N₂O₄] / [NO₂]²

Qc is the reaction quotient that denotes the ratio of products to reactants concentrations at any point of time during the reaction. It helps in determining the direction in which the reaction proceeds.

The concentrations of both NO₂ and N₂O₄ are given as 0.016 mol/L.

The equilibrium constant, Kc is to be calculated using the above-given formula.

Substituting the values in the formula, we have:

Qc = [N₂O₄] / [NO₂]²= 0.016 / (0.016)²= 0.016 / 0.000256= 62.5 ≈ 63 (Option C)

Therefore, the value of Qc for the given equation is 63.

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Explanation:

We have a 63.9 g sample of calcium hydroxide. First we have to convert those grams into moles. To do that we have to use the molar mass of calcium hydroxide.

Calcium hydroxide = Ca(OH)₂

molar mass of Ca = 40.08 g/mol

molar mass of O = 16.00 g/mol

molar mass of H = 1.01 g/mol

molar mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 1 * 40.08 g/mol + 2 * 16.00 g/mol + 2 * 1.01 g/mol

molar mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 74.10 g/mol

mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 63.9 g

moles of Ca(OH)₂ = 63.9 g /(74.10 g/mol)

moles of Ca(OH)₂ = 0.862 moles

In 1 molecule of Ca we have 2 atoms of O. So in 1 mol of Ca(OH)₂ we will have 2 moles of O atoms.

1 mol of Ca(OH)₂ = 2 moles of O atoms

moles of O atoms = 0.862 moles of Ca(OH)₂ * 2 moles of O /1 mol of Ca(OH)₂

moles of O atoms = 1.724 moles

One mol is similar to a dozen. When we say that we need a dozen eggs we know that we need 12 eggs. If we want a mol of eggs, we want 6.022*10^23 eggs. So one mol of something is 6.022 * 10^23 of that.

1 mol of O atoms = 6.022 * 10^23 atoms

n° of O atoms = 1.724 moles * 6.022 * 10^23 atoms/1 mol

n° of O atoms = 1.04 * 10^24 atoms

Answer: In a 63.9 g sample of Ca(OH)₂ we have 1.04 *10^24 atoms of oxygen.