The company should accept all five proposed projects as they all have positive present worth values based on a 19% MARR.
To determine which projects the company should accept, we need to calculate the present worth of each project using the MARR of 19% per year. We will use the present worth formula for each project, which is:
PW = -I + (R - O) x [(1 - (1 + r)^-n)/r] + S x (1 + r)^-n
where:
PW = present worth
I = initial investment
R = annual revenue
O = annual operating cost
r = MARR (19% per year)
n = project life
S = salvage value at the end of the project life
Using the above formula and the given information, we can calculate the present worth of each project as follows:
Project A:
\(PW = -200 + (360 - 140) x [(1 - (1 + 0.19)^-3)/0.19] + 8 x (1 + 0.19)^-3\\PW = $9.78\)
Project B:
\(PW = -800 + (200 - 190) x [(1 - (1 + 0.19)^-10)/0.19] + 28 x (1 + 0.19)^-10\\PW = $50.32\)
Project C:
\(PW = -450 + (525 - 240) x [(1 - (1 + 0.19)^-5)/0.19] + 4 x (1 + 0.19)^-5\\PW = $21.46\)
Project D:
\(PW = -1000 + (575 - 290) x [(1 - (1 + 0.19)^-8)/0.19] + 80 x (1 + 0.19)^-8\\PW = $30.02\)
Project E:
\(PW = -1150 + (725 - 390) x [(1 - (1 + 0.19)^-4)/0.19] + 110 x (1 + 0.19)^-4\\PW = $81.70\)
Therefore, based on present worth analysis, the company should accept projects A, B, C, D, and E as all of them have positive present worth values.
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The General Ledger shows or
contains which of the following?
A. All of the Above
B. Liabilities
C. Assets
D. Shareholder's Equity
Answer:
A. All of the above
Explanation:
The General Ledger is the primary accounting record that shows a company's financial transactions. It contains all of the accounts that are used to record transactions, including assets, liabilities, shareholder's equity, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses.
The General Ledger provides a comprehensive view of a company's financial position and is used to produce financial statements such as the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. The information in the General Ledger is used by management, auditors, and other stakeholders to make informed decisions about the company's financial health and performance.
what is the major difference between social responsibility and marketing ethics?
Social responsibility deals with the broader obligations of a business towards society and the environment, while marketing ethics specifically addresses the ethical aspects of marketing practices.
Social responsibility and marketing ethics are related concepts, but there is a fundamental difference between the two.
Social responsibility refers to the obligation of companies to act in the best interests of society, by contributing to economic development, improving the quality of life of employees and the community, and protecting the environment. In contrast, marketing ethics pertains specifically to the ethical principles and standards that companies must follow when promoting and selling their products or services. Marketing ethics requires companies to be truthful and transparent in their advertising, to respect the privacy and autonomy of consumers, and to avoid using deceptive or manipulative tactics to influence consumer behavior.In essence, social responsibility is a broader concept that encompasses marketing ethics as one aspect of corporate behavior.
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In general, an inverse relationship exists between:
a
b
human capital and income
education and unemployment
supply and price
education and earnings
d
Answer:
Explanation:
B
In general, it can be said that there exists an inverse relationship between the factors like education and unemployment in a society. Therefore, the option B holds true.
What is the significance of education and unemployment?The rate of education can be referred to as a proportion in which the total population of any given region gets educated. Unemployment rate refers to as the total population in any given region who do not have any employment or earning.
When the rate of education increases, the rate of unemployment decreases and vice versa. Thus, it can easily be concluded that there is an existence of inverse relationship between the rates of education and unemployment.
Therefore, the option B holds true and states regarding the inverse relationship between education and employment.
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In 2013, the Oakland A's were one of the hottest teams in baseball. They were regularly drawing "sellout" crowds, with many more fans wanting tickets. However, the A's did not sell all of the 56,000 seats. The A's removed or put tarps over roughly 20,000 seats in most of the third deck and the outfield stands. The A's management said that the reason was to create a more intimate feeling for the fans. What's another explanation? The A's removed or put tarps over roughly 20,000 seats to
Answer:
The other reason was to limit the number of special seats to charge a higher price for them.
Explanation:
Oakland A's knows that it has a large number of dedicated fans and that they are thirsty for tickets to watch the games, as these tickets are in high demand. In this case, when Oakland A's puts tarps or removes only on 20,000 seats and claims that it is to promote a more intimate experience for fans, it is because it knows that fans will want to occupy these special places, no matter what price they need to pay. In this case, we can say that a probable reason for the existence of these 20,000 unavailable seats is to increase the profit from ticket sales, by charging a higher price for the available seats.
Write a differential equation that fits the physical description. the rate of change of the population of a certain species
A differential equation that fits the physical description of the rate of change of the population of a certain species is the exponential growth differential equation.
The exponential growth differential equation represents population growth that occurs without any limiting factors. It is given by dP/dt = kP, where dP/dt represents the rate of change of the population size (P) with respect to time (t), and k is the growth rate constant. This equation describes how the population's growth rate is directly proportional to its current size.
As the population increases, the rate of growth also increases proportionally. This differential equation models unrestricted population growth, such as in ideal conditions where resources are abundant and there are no limitations to population growth.
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What are the 7 essential parts to creating a business plan?
1.Executive Summary 2.Company Description 3.Product/Services 4.Market Analysis 5.Strategy 6.Organizational/ management team 7.Finicial Plan
none of the above
all of the above
The seven essential parts to creating a business plan are: 1. Executive Summary, 2. Company Description, 3. Product/Services, 4. Market Analysis, 5. Strategy, 6. Organizational/ Management Team, and 7. Financial Plan. Therefore, all of the above components are crucial for a comprehensive business plan.
Here's the explanation of each part
1. Executive Summary: This is a brief overview of your entire business plan, highlighting the key points and providing an engaging introduction to the reader.2. Company Description: This section provides information about your company, its history, mission, and vision, as well as the problem you are solving or the need you are addressing with your products or services.3. Product/Services: Here, you describe your products or services in detail, including their features, benefits, and competitive advantages.
4. Market Analysis: In this section, you need to conduct research on your target market, including its size, demographics, trends, and competition. This helps you to understand the opportunities and challenges in the market. 5. Strategy: This section outlines your marketing, sales, and operational strategies to achieve your business goals. This includes pricing, promotion, distribution, and customer service tactics.6. Organizational/ Management Team: In this part, you provide information about your team's background, expertise, and roles, showcasing the strengths and skills of the individuals responsible for executing your business plan.7. Financial Plan: This section includes your financial projections, such as income statements, cash flow statements, and balance sheets, to show your business's potential profitability and financial sustainability.
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The clock division of Control Central Corporation manufactures clocks and then sells them to customers for $10 per unit. Its variable cost is $4 per unit, and its fixed cost per unit is $2.50. Management would like the clock division to transfer 8,000 of these clocks to another division within the company at a price of $5. The clock division could avoid $0.50 per clock of variable packaging costs by selling internally. (a) Determine the minimum transfer price, assuming the clock division is not operating at full capacity.
Answer:
Minimum Transfer Price is $3.50
Explanation:
The Minimum transfer price is calculated by adding the variable cost per unit with the opportunity cost. In this case where the clock division is not operating at full capacity then the opportunity cost would be considered as $0.
Moreover, the division would be able to avoid a $0.5 cost per clock. Therefore, the variable cost will be $3.50 ($4 - $0.5) after eliminating the $0.5.
Finally, the minimum transfer would as follows:
Minimum Transfer Price = Variable cost + Opportunity Cost
Minimum Transfer Price = $3.50 + $0
Minimum Transfer Price = $3.50
The difference between an extensive-form game and a simultaneous-move game is that . simultaneous-move games have zero-sum payoffs, but extensive-form games do not in simultaneous-more games players have only two actions to choose from, but in extensive-form games the players can have more than two choices simultaneous-move games have two players, but extensive-form games can have more than two players in extensive-form games the player can observe the other player's action before deciding, but in simultaneous-move they can't
A simultaneous move game is different from an extensive form game in that moves are made simultaneously in the former and sequentially in the latter.
An explanation of simultaneous move gamessimultaneous move game when players make decisions in a game without knowing what the other players will do, it is referred to as simultaneous-move. Even while it's possible, it doesn't mean that all of the players are definitely acting at the same moment. Rock-paper-scissors is a straightforward example where everyone makes their decision at the same time. Players may move without being aware of the decisions made by other players, therefore moving at precisely the same moment is not always taken literally.
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Define Red Gross Society.
Answer: The Indian Red Cross Society is a voluntary humanitarian organization to protect human life and health based in India.
Explanation: It is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and so shares the Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.
Remaining 1 hour, 5 minut O Question Completion Statu 120 & Moving to another question will save the response Question 13 p You buy a stock for $45 per share and sell her $51 after holding it for sighty over a year and collecting a 56.6 por share dvblent dibend im is tased at a 20% rate and capital gas ar at 24%, what is your after tax holding period retum? (White your answer in percentage and round 8 to 2 Moving to another question will save this response NG FRE 1 nour, 42 minutes, 43 seconds. " 10 13 Moving to another question will save this response N Question 13 2 You buy a stock for $40 per share and sell it for $51 after holding it for slightly over a year and collecting a $5.6 per share dividend dividend income in tened at a 20% ce and cia ga at 24%, what is your after tax holding period reum? (Wite your answer in percentage and round 2 decimal places) Moving to another question will save this response. Question Completion Statu 11
The after-tax holding period return for the investment is 22.4%, considering capital gains and dividends taxed at 24% and 20% respectively.
The holding period return (HPR) is the total return that an investor receives from holding an asset or portfolio over a specific time period. It is calculated by combining the total capital appreciation and any income generated, such as dividends or interest, divided by the initial investment. The formula for calculating holding period return is as follows:HPR = (Ending Price - Beginning Price + Income) / Beginning PriceIn this question, the stock is bought at $45 per share and sold for $51 per share, with a dividend income of $5.6 per share. The dividend income is taxed at 20% and the capital gains are taxed at 24%. To calculate the after-tax holding period return, the following steps need to be taken:Step 1: Calculate the capital gainCapital Gain = Ending Price - Beginning Price = $51 - $45 = $6 per shareStep 2: Calculate the total incomeTotal Income = Dividend Income + Capital Gain = $5.6 + $6 = $11.6 per shareStep 3: Calculate the total tax on dividend incomeTax on Dividend Income = 20% x Dividend Income = 20% x $5.6 = $1.12 per shareStep 4: Calculate the after-tax dividend incomeAfter-tax Dividend Income = Dividend Income - Tax on Dividend Income = $5.6 - $1.12 = $4.48 per shareStep 5: Calculate the total tax on capital gainTax on Capital Gain = 24% x Capital Gain = 24% x $6 = $1.44 per shareStep 6: Calculate the after-tax capital gainAfter-tax Capital Gain = Capital Gain - Tax on Capital Gain = $6 - $1.44 = $4.56 per shareStep 7: Calculate the after-tax holding period returnAfter-tax HPR = (Ending Price - Beginning Price + After-tax Income) / Beginning Price= ($51 - $45 + $4.48 + $4.56) / $45 = 22.4%Therefore, the after-tax holding period return is 22.4%.For more questions on after-tax
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are the costs related to the product that have to be paid regardless of the amount you sell.
A) Fixed cost
B) Opportunity costs
C) Variable costs
D) none of the above
Answer:
C) Variable costs
Explanation:
What is it called when managers look at the size of the variances between actual results and budgeted amounts in order to determine which variances should be investigated
If you had to select one criteria for choosing amongst projects, which would you select?PaybackInternal Rate of ReturnReturn on InvestmentEither Payback or Internal Rate of ReturnNet Present Value.
If you had to select one criteria for choosing amongst projects, you would select the Net Present Value (NPV).
When evaluating different projects, it's important to consider different criteria to determine which project is the best investment. Some of the most common criteria used include Payback, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Return on Investment (ROI), and NPV.
Payback is the amount of time it takes for an investment to recover its initial cost. The shorter the payback period, the better the investment is considered to be. However, payback only considers the time it takes to recover the initial investment and doesn't consider the future cash flows.
IRR is the rate at which the investment's net present value (NPV) becomes zero. In other words, it's the rate at which the investment's returns are equal to the initial investment. A higher IRR is generally considered to be a better investment. However, IRR can be misleading because it doesn't take into account the magnitude of the cash flows or the timing of the cash flows.
ROI is the ratio of the investment's net gain to the investment's cost. A higher ROI is generally considered to be a better investment. However, ROI doesn't consider the timing of the cash flows, only the total amount of the cash flows.
NPV is the difference between the present value of the cash inflows and the present value of the cash outflows. In other words, NPV considers the time value of money and calculates the present value of the future cash flows. A positive NPV indicates that the project is expected to generate more cash inflows than the initial investment, while a negative NPV indicates that the project is expected to generate less cash inflows than the initial investment.
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an organization's attention to issues of image and identity typically increases during periods of a. growth and development b. organizational crisis c. profitability and success d. stability
An organization's attention to issues of image and identity typically increases during periods of organizational crisis (option b). During such times, the organization faces significant challenges that require effective communication with stakeholders to mitigate negative effects.
In contrast, during periods of growth and development (option a), profitability and success (option c), or stability (option d), organizations may not face the same degree of urgency to address image and identity concerns. While these aspects remain important, the focus is often on expanding the business, maintaining performance, or ensuring a stable environment. During an organizational crisis, the organization's reputation, public perception, and overall identity can be significantly affected, which may impact its performance and future growth. Addressing stakeholders' concerns, implementing corrective actions, and showcasing transparency in handling the crisis all contribute to rebuilding trust and preserving the organization's identity.
In summary, an organization's attention to issues of image and identity is most likely to increase during periods of organizational crisis, as these situations pose significant threats to the organization's reputation and long-term success.
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Carpenters, Inc., a manufacturing company, acquired equipment on January 1, 2017 for $530,000. Estimated useful life of the equipment was seven years and the estimated residual value was $14,000. On January 1, 2020, after using the equipment for three years, the total estimated useful life has been revised to nine total years. Residual value remains unchanged. The company uses the straight-line method of depreciation. Calculate depreciation expense for 2020. (Round any intermediate calculations to two decimal places, and your final answer to the nearest dollar.)
A. $50,476B. $58,889C. $49,143D. $57,333
Answer:
The depreciation expense for 2020 is C. $49,143
Explanations :
Straight line method charges a fixed amount of depreciation for the period of use of an asset.
Depreciation Charge = (Cost - Residual Value) / Estimated useful life
2017
Depreciation Charge = ($530,000 - $14,000) / 7 years
= $73,714.29
2018
Depreciation Charge = $73,714.29
2019
Depreciation Charge = $73,714.29
2020
The estimated useful life is now estimated at 9 years in total (hence 6 years remaining) and the residual value remain unchanged.
Depreciation Charge = (Cost - Accumulated depreciation to date - Residual Value) / Remaining useful life
= ($530,000 - $73,714.29 - $73,714.29 - $73,714.29 - $14,000) / (9 - 3) years
= $294,857.13 / 6 years
= $49,142.855 or $49,143 (to the nearest dollar.)
Conclusion :
The depreciation expense for 2020 is $49,143 (to the nearest dollar.)
The demand for money curve shows that there is an inverse relationship between interest rate and
A.quality of money supplied
B. Price level
C. Gross domestic products
D.quantity of money demanded
Answer:
D.quantity of money demanded
Explanation:
Demand for money refers to the people's preference to hold liquid assets and opposed to physical assets. People demand money for immediate purchases or to store to spend it later. The demand curve for money demonstrates the inverse relationship between the quantity demanded of money and the interest rate. The curve slope downwards from the top right corner illustrating how demand increases as interest rates decline.
Bradley was recently promoted to the production manager of a busy shoe factory. He was chosen because prior to his promotion he had proven himself to be very efficient, and as a department manager he had a logical and practical approach to solving problems. Bradley has a reputation for being decisive and getting things done. Most of the factory's employees like Bradley, but they feel he exercises too much control over them. Bradley has a(n) ________ style. Group of answer choices conceptual behavioral ambiguous directive analytical
Answer:
Option d "Directive" is the correct alternative.
Explanation:
Under this approach, management teams or supervisors should lead the organizational objectives of workers and design the way to reach these objectives.The manner including its directive ensures that perhaps the organization specifically addresses as well as follows the guidelines and restrictions.All other alternatives aren't connected to the scenario. So the above is the right approach.
Massa Company, which has been operating for three years, provides marketing consulting services worldwide for dot-com companies. You are a financial analyst assigned to report on the Massa management team's effectiveness at managing its assets efficiently. At the start of 2016 (its fourth year), Massa's T-account balances were as follows. Dollars are in thousands.
Required:
(b) Enter in the T-accounts the following transactions for 2016. A. Provided $ 58,000 in services to clients who paid $ 48,000 in cash and owed the rest on account. B. Received $ 5,600 cash from clients on account. C. Received $ 400 in cash as interest revenue on investments d. Paid $ 36,000 in wages, $ 12,000 in travel, $ 7,600 in rent, and $ 1,600 on accounts payable. E. Received $ 1,600 in cash from clients in advance of services Massa will provide next year. F. Received a utility bill for $ 800 for 2016 services. G. Declared and paid $ 480 in dividends to stockholders
Entering the transactions for 2105 in the T-accounts is as follows:
T-Accounts:Cash AccountItem Account Title Debit Credit
A) Service Revenue $58,000
B) Accounts Receivable $5,600
C) Interest Revenue $400
D) Wages Expenses $36,000
Travel Expenses $12,000
Rent Expenses $7,600
Accounts Payable $1,600
E) Unearned Revenue $1,600
G) Dividends $480
Accounts ReceivableAccount Title Debit Credit
Cash $10,000
Cash $5,600
Service RevenueAccount Title Debit Credit
Cash $48,000
Accounts Receivable $10,000
Interest RevenueAccount Title Debit Credit
Cash $400
Wages ExpensesAccount Title Debit Credit
Cash $36,000
Travel ExpensesAccount Title Debit Credit
Cash $12,000
Rent ExpensesAccount Title Debit Credit
Cash $7,600
Accounts PayableAccount Title Debit Credit
Cash $1,600
Unearned RevenueAccount Title Debit Credit
Cash $1,600
Utility ExpenseAccount Title Debit Credit
Utility Payable $800
Utility PayableAccount Title Debit Credit
Utility Expense $800
DividendsAccount Title Debit Credit
Cash $480
What is a T-account?A T-account is a general ledger account, in which transactions are posted after they have been recorded in the journal.
T-accounts have debit and credit sides, according to the double entry system of bookkeeping.
Transaction Analysis:A) Cash $48,000 Accounts Receivable $10,000 Service Revenue $58,000
B) Cash $5,600 Accounts Receivable $5,600
C) Cash $400 Interest Revenue $400
D) Wages Expenses $36,000 Travel Expenses $12,000 Rent Expenses $7,600 Accounts Payable $1,600 Cash $57,200
E) Cash $1,600 Unearned Revenue $1,600
F) Utility Expense $800 Utility Payable $800
G) Dividends $480 Cash $480
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PROBLEM: The Chicago Cubs play their home games at Wrigley Field, located in the Lakeview neighborhood of Chicago. A recent New York Times study concluded that the probability that a randomly selected Lakeview resident is a Cubs fan is 0.44.
(a) Interpret this probability as a long-run relative frequency.
Answer:
If a large Number of Lakeview residents are questioned, about 44% of them will be Club fans.
Explanation:
Reporting the probability outcome of a singular observation are usually reported as stated above, that the probability of a random sample of Lakeview resident being a club fan is 0.44%. However from a long run relative frequency approach, it requires just more Than one random sample but a large number of samples being evaluated over time.
Hence to expresa as a long run relative frequency, it could be stated as ; report gathered from many Lakeview residents, about 44% of them are Club fans.
explain processes of distribution channels in economics
Answer:
Distribution channels in economics refer to the various intermediaries that are involved in the movement of goods and services from the producer to the final consumer. These intermediaries play a critical role in ensuring that products reach the end-users in the most efficient and effective manner possible.
The following are the processes involved in distribution channels in economics:
1. Producer: The first step in the distribution channel is the producer. The producer is the entity that creates the product or service. The producer may be a manufacturer, a farmer, or a service provider.
2. Wholesaler: The next step in the distribution channel is the wholesaler. The wholesaler buys products in bulk from the producer and then sells them to retailers. Wholesalers are often used when the producer cannot sell directly to retailers due to logistical or other reasons.
3. Retailer: The retailer is the next step in the distribution channel. The retailer buys products from the wholesaler or directly from the producer and then sells them to the final consumer. Retailers are often used when the producer cannot sell directly to the final consumer due to logistical or other reasons.
4. Consumer: The final step in the distribution channel is the consumer. The consumer is the end-user of the product or service. The consumer buys the product or service from the retailer.
5. Logistics: Logistics is an important process in the distribution channel. Logistics involves the movement of products from the producer to the retailer or directly to the consumer. Logistics includes transportation, storage, and delivery.
6. Marketing: Marketing is another important process in the distribution channel. Marketing involves promoting the product or service to potential consumers. Marketing includes advertising, public relations, and sales promotions.
7. After-sales service: After-sales service is the final process in the distribution channel. After-sales service involves providing support and assistance to consumers after they have purchased the product or service. After-sales service includes warranties, repairs, and customer service.
In conclusion, the distribution channel is a critical component of the economy. It ensures that products and services reach the end-users in the most efficient and effective manner possible. The various processes involved in the distribution channel include the producer, wholesaler, retailer, consumer, logistics, marketing, and after-sales service.
What type of copayment is it when the insurance policy requires a copayment of $20 on all care transactions
Answer:
flat rate copay
Explanation:
Copay is generally a fixed amount or a fixed percentage of the medical expense that an insured must pay in order to receive medical attention or services. For example, every time I go to a doctor I pay $40, but if I need other specialized services it ranges from $80 - $120. In this case, this copay is fixed (always $20), so it is considered a flat rate copay.
Which of the following would most likely be considered an expense in a budget?
A. Groceries
B. Rent
C. All of these
D. Car Loan
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Everything in life is an expense for me
why does saturn have the coldest surface temp?
Answer:
distance from the Sun
Explanation:
because of Saturn's tilt, the southern and northern hemispheres are heated differently, causing seasonal temperature variation.
Help please
Is political freedom or economic freedom more important in determining economic growth?
A.
Political freedom is more important, which can then lead to economic freedom.
B.
Both political freedom and economic freedom are equally important in determining economic growth.
C.
Neither political freedom nor economic freedom is very important in determining economic growth.
D.
Economic freedom is more important, which can then lead to political freedom.
The correct alternative is letter A. Political freedom is more important, which can then lead to economic freedom.
How does political freedom lead to economic freedom?Political freedom is a system that converges with democratic ideals, that is, greater freedom of social life and private property, which generates less state intervention in the economy, generating incentives for entrepreneurship and economic freedom.
Therefore, the greater the political freedom, the greater the economic freedom, which directly influences a country's economic growth rates.
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the problem and solutions both compete with each other . why ?
The problem and solution both compete with each other because they both are opposite in nature.
Why problem and solution compete each other?Problem and solution are two different things from each other, as problem is the undefined way of something that is much negative approach whereas solution is the way of finding the result of something or problem is positive statement.
Thus, because they both are opposite in nature.
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why is money a demotivator?
Answer:
For: Money is an effective, powerful and simple motivator. Self-evidently, money motivates and extra money motivates people to work extra hard. It's natural to compete, and when rewarded with money for better work then productivity and standards are raised for all..
While money often doesn't motivate, it can nonetheless be a powerful demotivator. In “Blocked employees and money as a motivator,” James daSilva notes that too little money can be especially demotivating to top-performing employees who are “blocked” from earning more.
Which profession do you prefer ro choose for your career?Engineer or Architect? Why?
Answer:
Architects
Explanation:
In my opinion,
Architects create new design concepts that push how modern day construction is executed.Architecture is one of the few professions that is never static.” Recently, architects have become more and more concerned with environmental and socially responsible building practices and materials.explain advertisement
Answer: Advertisement is a marketing communication. It is used to promote businesses and their products. Used to promote more effectiveness in a businesses profit and their sales. May be seen in the form of commercials or billboard announcements in everyday life.
Cron Corporation is planning to issue bonds with a face value of $ 700,000 and a coupon rate of 13 percent. The bonds mature in five years and pay interest semiannually every June 30 and December 31. All of the bonds were sold on January 1 of this year. Cron uses the effective-interest amortization method. Assume an annual market rate of interest of 12 percent.
Required:
(d) What is the book value of the bonds on June 30 and December 31 of this year?
The book value of the bonds on June 30 and December 31 is $745,500 - $42,000 = $703,500. The semiannual effective interest expense is $700,000 * 6% = $42,000.
To calculate the book value of the bonds on June 30 and December 31, we need to understand the effective-interest amortization method and its application in this scenario.
The effective-interest amortization method is used to allocate the bond interest expense over the life of the bond based on the effective interest rate. In this case, the annual market rate of interest is 12 percent.
To calculate the book value of the bonds on June 30 and December 31, we need to perform the following steps:
1. Determine the semiannual coupon payment:
The coupon rate is 13 percent of the face value of the bond, which is $700,000. Therefore, the semiannual coupon payment is (0.13/2) * $700,000 = $45,500.
2. Calculate the semiannual effective interest expense:
The effective interest rate is 12 percent, which is the annual market rate of interest. To determine the semiannual effective interest rate, we divide it by 2. Therefore, the semiannual effective interest rate is 12% / 2 = 6%.
To calculate the semiannual effective interest expense, we multiply the book value of the bonds at the beginning of the period by the semiannual effective interest rate. Since all the bonds were sold on January 1 of this year, the book value on June 30 and December 31 will be the same.
3. Calculate the book value on June 30 and December 31:
The book value on June 30 and December 31 is calculated as follows:
- Book value at the beginning of the year: $700,000 (since the bonds were sold on January 1)
- Add the semiannual coupon payment: $700,000 + $45,500 = $745,500
- Subtract the semiannual effective interest expense: $745,500 - semiannual effective interest expense
To find the semiannual effective interest expense, we multiply the book value at the beginning of the period ($700,000) by the semiannual effective interest rate (6%).
The semiannual effective interest expense is $700,000 * 6% = $42,000.
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Advantages and disadvantages of implementing plan where functional managers will be held responsible for cost overruns against their original estimates
Answer:
Kindly check explanation
Explanation:
Implementing plans where functional managers will be held responsible for cost overruns against their original estimate possess both advantages and disadvantages :
The advantages include:
1) Efficient use of Resources : A functional manager could be explained as the head or a person who has managerial authority over a department within a business organization. As such the functional manager will be able to monitor more effectively and take control of his unit. Holding them responsible for cost overruns will ensure that they are more cautious when it comes to resource and cost management as they will not want to be sanctioned.
11) ACCOUNTABILITY: It increases the sense of responsibility of the functional managers as they are being held fully responsible for the decisions made within their unit. This places a higher burden of showing sincerity on the managers.
The disadvantage associated with the plan is the possibility of producing low quality products resulting from the economical and cautious approach embarked upon in other to prevent cost overrun, materials used may be lesser quality than expected.