Answer: As you move down the column in the periodic table the ionic charge increases.
Explanation: This is because the effective nuclear charge (Z_sub_eff) provides a shielding constant so that the nuclear charge from the protons cannot interfere with the negative nuclear force of the electrons.
Yes, ionic charge patterns exist. Elements in the same group often share similar charges due to common valence electron configurations.
Indeed, a pattern emerges in terms of ionic charges within the periodic table. Elements within the same group (vertical columns) often exhibit similar ionic charges due to sharing common valence electron configurations.
For instance, Group 1 elements tend to form +1 cations (e.g., Na⁺, K⁺) by losing their single valence electron, while Group 2 elements form +2 cations (e.g., Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺) by losing two valence electrons. Similarly, elements in Group 17, known as halogens, commonly form -1 anions (e.g., F⁻, Cl⁻) by gaining one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.
This recurring trend can be attributed to the desire of atoms to achieve a full valence shell, either by losing or gaining electrons, leading to predictable ionic charges within specific groups of elements.
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A tank contains 15 kg of dry air and 0.17 kg of water vapor at 30°C and 100 kPa total pressure. Determine
(a) the specific humidity, (b) the relative humidity, and (c) the volume of the tank.
The volume of the tank is approximately 130.75 m³.
To solve this problem, we need to use the concept of air and water vapor mixture. The given data includes the mass of dry air and water vapor, temperature, and total pressure. We can calculate the specific humidity, relative humidity, and volume of the tank using the following steps:
(a) Specific humidity:
The specific humidity (ω) is defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor (m_w) to the total mass of the air-water vapor mixture (m_t):
ω = m_w / m_t
Given that the mass of water vapor is 0.17 kg and the total mass of the mixture is 15 kg + 0.17 kg = 15.17 kg, we can calculate the specific humidity:
ω = 0.17 kg / 15.17 kg ≈ 0.0112
So, the specific humidity is approximately 0.0112.
(b) Relative humidity:
Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor (P_w) to the saturation vapor pressure of water (P_ws) at the given temperature, multiplied by 100:
RH = (P_w / P_ws) * 100
To find the relative humidity, we need to determine the saturation vapor pressure at 30°C. Using a vapor pressure table or equation, we can find that the saturation vapor pressure at 30°C is approximately 4.246 kPa.
Given that the total pressure is 100 kPa, the partial pressure of water vapor is 0.17 kg / 15.17 kg * 100 kPa = 1.119 kPa.
Now we can calculate the relative humidity:
RH = (1.119 kPa / 4.246 kPa) * 100 ≈ 26.34%
So, the relative humidity is approximately 26.34%.
(c) Volume of the tank:
To find the volume of the tank, we can use the ideal gas law equation:
PV = nRT
Where P is the total pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles of dry air and water vapor in the tank. The number of moles (n) can be obtained using the equation:
n = m / M
Where m is the mass and M is the molar mass.
The molar mass of dry air is approximately 28.97 g/mol, and the molar mass of water vapor is approximately 18.015 g/mol.
For dry air:
n_air = 15 kg / 0.02897 kg/mol ≈ 517.82 mol
For water vapor:
n_water = 0.17 kg / 0.018015 kg/mol ≈ 9.43 mol
Now we can calculate the volume using the ideal gas law:
V = (n_air + n_water) * R * T / P
Given that R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)), T is the temperature in Kelvin (30°C + 273.15 = 303.15 K), and P is the total pressure (100 kPa), we can calculate the volume:
V = (517.82 mol + 9.43 Mol) * 8.314 J/(mol·K) * 303.15 K / (100,000 Pa) ≈ 130.75 m³
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Discuss the following statement:
"Small changes in the chemical nature of polysaccharides results in significant differences in biological function"
Answer:
Explanation:
Small changes in the chemical nature of polysaccharides can make a big difference in how they work in our bodies. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates found in things like fiber and medicines. Even tiny changes in their structure can affect how they are digested, how they interact with cells, and their overall impact on our health. Scientists can use these changes to create materials with specific properties or develop new treatments. So, even small tweaks in polysaccharides can have a significant impact on how they function in our bodies.
V,r and i in parallel circuits
The relation between V, R, and I can be determined using Ohm's Law and the principles of parallel circuits.
Ohm's Law states that the voltage across a resistor (V) is equal to the current (I) flowing through it multiplied by its resistance (R). This can be expressed as V = I × R
In a parallel circuit, multiple resistors are connected in such a way that the voltage across each resistor is the same. This means that the voltage across all the resistors in parallel will be equal to the total voltage applied to the circuit. Therefore, the voltage (V) in the above equation represents the total voltage applied to the parallel circuit.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the full question is this:
What is the relation between V, R, and I in a parallel circuit?
If 200.4 g of water is mixed with 101.42 g of salt, the mass of the final solution would be reported as
A)
301.82 g.
B)
301.8 g.
C)
302 g.
D)
300 g.
What is the range of an ACID on the pH scale give one example
Answer:
On a pH scale acid is numbers less then 7 while the numbers larger then 7 are basic (alkaline)
Microbial Fuel Cell Overall Oxidation-Reduction Reaction
They can harvest electrons from their food sources, such as organic materials, and feed them into devices known as microbial fuel cells (MFC) in order to generate power. They can even create energy from ordinary soil in this way!
What Microbial Fuel Overall Oxidation-Reduction Reaction?Bacteria act as biocatalysts in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which use organic materials as substrate (or food for the microorganisms) and microorganisms as biocatalysts.
Therefore, Chemical energy in the substrate is transformed into usable electrical energy as the active bacteria break it down.
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Heart, 5 stars, Brainiest, and 40 coins if right! Answer needed ASAP
Which statement describes what happens when Bret runs up a flight of stairs?
A. His kinetic energy is destroyed.
B. His potential energy decreases.
C. His kinetic energy is converted into potential energy.
D. His potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
Answer:
His kinetic energy is converted into potential energy.
Explanation:
Cumulative Exam Active
41 42 43 144
The electron configuration of nitrogen (N) is
O 1s²2s²2p³
O 1s²2s²2p4
O 1s²2s²2p5
O 1s²2s²2p6
The answer is: The electronic configuration of Nitrogen is \(1s^22s^22p^3\).
Electronic configuration: The electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons of an atom in the atomic or molecular orbitals and is written using the labels for the subshell.
How to decide which orbital is filled first?
The order in which electrons are filled in atomic orbitals as:(Shown in image)
Just follow the arrows to select the orbitals, s orbital can have 2 electrons, p can have 6 electrons, d can have 10 electrons and f can 14 electrons.The electronic configuration in which the outer shell is completely filled is known as noble-gas configuration as they are similar to electronic configurations of noble gases.Now, the given element is nitrogen (\(N\)). The atomic number of Nitrogen is 7. Thus, these 7 electrons are filled as-\(1s^22s^22p^3\)
Therefore, the electronic configuration of Nitrogen is \(1s^22s^22p^3\).To learn more about the electronic configuration, visit:
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Nitrogen's complete electron configuration is 12s2s22p3.
The shorthand electron configuration for noble gases is [He] 2s22p3. Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7. The nitrogen atoms' nucleus contain this many protons. An atom that is neutral has an equal number of protons and electrons. Thus, the ground state electron configuration will consist of 7 electrons in the suitable s and p orbitals (state of lowest energy). For nitrogen, the entire electron configuration is 1s22s22p. Scientists may easily express and explain how the electrons are organized around the nitrogen atom's nucleus by using the configuration notation for nitrogen (N). As a result, it is simpler to comprehend and forecast how atoms will cooperate to form chemical bonds.
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Differentiate between acids and bases on the basis of their pH values Give an example of each type. Please help worth 100 points!!!!!!!
Answer: Well 0-7 is acid, and 0-3 is a strong acid. 4-7 is a weak acid. 8-11 is strong base. 12-14 is weak base!
Explanation:
The gas SF6 is used to trace air flows because it is non-toxic and can be detected selectively in air at a concentration of 1.0 ppb. What partial pressure is this? At this concentration, how many molecules of SF6 are contained in 1.0 cm3 of air at T = 46 °C
SF₆ in the air at a concentration of 1.0 ppb, exerts a partial pressure of 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ atm. At this concentration, 2.3 × 10¹⁰ molecules of SF₆ are contained in 1.0 cm³ of air at 46 °C.
First, we will calculate the partial pressure of SF₆ using the following expression.
\(pSF_6 = P \times \frac{ppb}{10^{9} }\)
where,
pSF₆: partial pressure of SF₆P: total pressure of air (we will assume it is 1 atm)ppb: concentration of SF₆ in parts per billion\(pSF_6 = P \times \frac{ppb}{10^{9} } = 1 atm \times \frac{1.0 ppb}{10^{9} } = 1.0 \times 10^{-9} atm\)
Then, we will convert 1.0 cm³ to L using the following conversion factors:
1 cm³ = 1 mL1 L = 1000 mL\(1.0 cm^{3} \times \frac{1mL}{1cm^{3}} \times \frac{1L}{1000 mL} = 1.0 \times 10^{-3} L\)
Next, we will convert 46 °C to Kelvin using the following expression.
\(K = \° C + 273.15 = 46 + 273.15 = 319 K\)
Afterward, we calculate the moles (n) of sulfur hexafluoride using the ideal gas equation.
\(P \times V = n \times R \times T\\n = \frac{P \times V}{R \times T} = \frac{1.0 \times 10^{-9} atm \times 1.0 \times 10^{-3} L}{(0.082 atm.L/mol.K) \times 319 K} = 3.8 \times 10^{-14} mol\)
Finally, we will convert 3.8 × 10⁻¹⁴ mol to molecules using Avogadro's number.
\(3.8 \times 10^{-14} mol \times \frac{6.02 \times 10^{23} molecules }{mol} = 2.3 \times 10^{10} molecules\)
SF₆ in the air at a concentration of 1.0 ppb, exerts a partial pressure of 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ atm. At this concentration, 2.3 × 10¹⁰ molecules of SF₆ are contained in 1.0 cm³ of air at 46 °C.
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You will need to prepare 12 mL of 25% Sodium Phosphate Buffer (pH 4) solution for Activity 2. What volume of the stock Sodium Phosphate Buffer and Water will you need to measure out
Assuming the concentration of stock solution is 50% sodium phosphate buffer solution, the volume of stock solution required is 6 mL and the volume of water required is 6 mL.
What volume of a stock Sodium phosphate buffer and water is needed to 12 mL of 25% sodium phosphate buffer of pH 4?The process of preparing solutions from stock solutions of higher concentration is known as dilution.
Dilution is done with the aid of the dilution formula given below:
C1V1 = C2V2where
C1 is the concentration of stock solutionV1 is the volume of stock solution required to prepare a diluted solution C2 is the concentration of the diluted solution preparedV2 is the final volume of the diluted solutionFrom the data provided:
C1 is not given
V1 is unknown
C2 = 25%
V2 = 12 mL
Assuming C1 is 50% solutionVolume of stock, V1, required is calculated as follows:
V1 = C2V2/C1
V1 = 25 × 12 /50
V1 = 6 mL
Therefore, the volume of stock solution required is 6 mL and the volume of water required is 6 mL.
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Write a balanced equation for the complete oxidation reaction that occurs when methane (CH4) burns in air.
Answer: The balanced equation for the complete oxidation reaction that occurs when methane (CH4) burns in air is \(CH_{4} + 2O_{2} \rightarrow CO_{2} + 2H_{2}O\).
Explanation:
When a substance tends to gain oxygen atom in a chemical reaction and loses hydrogen atom then it is called oxidation reaction.
For example, chemical equation for oxidation of methane is as follows.
\(CH_{4} + O_{2} \rightarrow CO_{2} + H_{2}O\)
Number of atoms present on reactant side are as follows.
C = 1H = 4O = 2Number of atoms present on product side are as follows.
C = 1H = 2O = 3To balance this equation, multiply \(O_{2}\) by 2 on reactant side. Also, multiply \(H_{2}O\) by 2 on product side. Hence, the equation can be rewritten as follows.
\(CH_{4} + 2O_{2} \rightarrow CO_{2} + 2H_{2}O\)
Now, the number of atoms present on reactant side are as follows.
C = 1H = 4O = 4Number of atoms present on product side are as follows.
C = 1H = 4O = 4Since, the atoms present on both reactant and product side are equal. Therefore, this equation is now balanced.
Thus, we can conclude that balanced equation for the complete oxidation reaction that occurs when methane (CH4) burns in air is \(CH_{4} + 2O_{2} \rightarrow CO_{2} + 2H_{2}O\).
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin) at constant
pressure. What does this mean?
As one increases, the other will increase at the same rate. The graph will show a
straight line.
As one increases, the other will decrease at the same rate. The graph will show a
straight line.
As one increases, the other will decrease at the same rate. The graph will show a
inverse line.
As one increases, the other will increase at the same rate. The graph will show an
inverse line.
Answer: A
Explanation:
As one increases the other goes in a straight line. It is called a direct proportionality. Forms a linear graph.
tetrachloromethane and water can be seperated using a seperating funnel . what can be reduced from this statement
Answer: Hello There!................
Separating funnuel. AND
Explanation:
Carbon tetrachloride and water are separated by using a separating funnel. Carbon tetrachloride and water are imiscible with each other. Hence, they form two layers. The density of carbon tetrachloride is more dense than water and forms lower layer. Water being less dense, forms upper layer.
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Select all of the true statements about hydrocarbon structure.
a. Every hydrocarbon molecule is exactly the same as every other one.
b. The ability of carbon atoms to bond strongly to each other allows them to stably form ringed structures.
c. Hydrocarbons contain only single bonds that easily break down into smaller compounds.
d. Hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Organic compounds are the compounds which are made only from carbon and hydrogen. The correct option is option D that is hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen.
What is chemical Compound?Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.
There are two types of compound covalent compound and ionic in chemistry, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Hydrocarbons are organic compound. Hydrocarbon can have linear chain structure, ring structure or branched structure.
Therefore, hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen. The correct option is option D.
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A compound has the empirical
formula given below.
C7H502
Which compound represents the molecular
formula with a scale factor of 2?
C14H10O4
C3.5H2.5O
C7H5O2
The molecular formula is obtained from the empirical formula by multiplying with an integer which is get by dividing the molecular mass by the formula mass. Thus if the integer is 2, then the molecular formula of the compound is C₁₄H₁₀O₄.
What is molecular formula?The molecular formula of a compound is used to represent the atom present in the compound with their correct number of moles. The empirical formula is derived from the mass percents of the elements in the whole compound.
The integer we get from dividing the molar mass by the formula mass is multiplied with the numbers in the empirical formula to get the molecular formula. Here, the empirical formula is C₇H₅O₂. Thus by multiplying it by 2 we get C₁₄H₁₀O₄.
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It is the simplest whole number ratio of elements in a compound. Molecular formula is n times the empirical formula, where n is integers 1,2,... The molecular formula is C\(_{14}\)H\(_{10}\)O\(_{4}\).
What is empirical formula?
Empirical formula gives the proportion of the element that is present in a compound. It does not give information about the actual number or the arrangements of the atoms.
n= molecular formula÷ empirical formula
Empirical formula =C\(_7\)H\(_5\)0\(_2\)
n=2
Substituting the given values
2= molecular formula÷ C\(_7\)H\(_5\)0\(_2\)
molecular formula= C\(_7\)H\(_5\)0\(_2\)×2
molecular formula=C\(_{14}\)H\(_{10}\)O\(_{4}\)
Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound C\(_7\)H\(_5\)0\(_2\) is C\(_{14}\)H\(_{10}\)O\(_{4}\).
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An electron is in a region outside the nucleus. An electron ____________.
Answer:
An electron is in a region outside the nucleus, has less mass than a proton and has a negative charge.
Explanation:
Electrons are considered as a negatively charged particle, as they are surrounded by the kind of invisible force called the electrostatic force.
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Environmental scientists collect air samples so they can test the quality of the air. They start with rigid metal containers that are completely empty—the air has been pumped out of them.
What happens to the pressure inside the container and the volume of the container as air enters it?
Explanation:
filling air inside an empty o2 medal containers, if air is added, the air inside, creates volume inside.
due to heat, weather,... depending on what indoor or outdoor storage said containers r placed in,;
So, I can't give you an answer, due to lack of details..sorry...
what structural features do cyanide and thiamine have in common that makes them capable of catalyzing the benzoin condensation
Answer:
Cyanide and thiamine do not possess specific structural features that enable them to directly catalyze the benzoin condensation reaction. However, they can participate in the catalytic process indirectly by forming complexes with other compounds or enzymes.
1. Cyanide: Cyanide ions (CN-) can act as a nucleophile, attacking the carbonyl group of aldehydes or ketones. This nucleophilic attack forms a cyanohydrin intermediate, which can undergo subsequent reactions to produce various compounds. In the benzoin condensation, cyanide can react with benzaldehyde to form a cyanohydrin, which can then undergo self-condensation to yield the benzoin product.
2. Thiamine: Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is not directly involved in catalyzing the benzoin condensation. However, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of thiamine in enzymatic reactions, can play a role. TPP is a cofactor found in enzymes called transketolases. Transketolases facilitate the transfer of two-carbon units between ketose and aldose sugars. While this is different from the benzoin condensation, the presence of TPP in the enzyme active site allows it to facilitate certain carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.
Explanation:
It's worth noting that these examples describe the indirect involvement of cyanide and thiamine in facilitating reactions related to the benzoin condensation. Other catalysts, such as base compounds (e.g., sodium hydroxide) or other thiamine derivatives, may be used more commonly for direct catalysis of the benzoin condensation.
Copper has a density of 8,96 g/cm2 The amount of 75,0 g of copper is added to 0,0500 litres of water in a graduated cylinder. The volume reading to which the water level in 118
cylinder will rise in mililitres is (a).
Answer:
Volume reading rise to 58.37 mL
Explanation:
Given data:
Density of copper = 8.96 g/cm³
Amount of copper = 75.0 g
Volume of water in cylinder = 0.0500 L
Volume rise = ?
Solution:
First of all we will calculate the volume of copper. The volume rise up is equal to the volume of copper.
Formula:
d = m/v
8.96 g/cm³ = 75.0 g/ v
v = 75.0 g / 8.96 g/cm³
v = 8.37 cm³
cm³ = mL
Volume of water = 0.0500 L × 1000 mL / 1L
Volume of water = 50 mL
Volume reading rise to = 50 mL + 8.37 mL
Volume reading rise to 58.37 mL.
which process is used to produce gases from solutions of salts dissolved in water or another liquid?
A.Electrolysis
B.Metallic bonding
C.Ionic bonding
D. Polar covalent bonding
Answer:
A.Electrolysis
Explanation:
A.Electrolysis
For example, electrolysis of solution of NaCl in water gives H2 and O2.
What system is used to help match DNA from crime scenes to a DNA database?
A.
CODIS
B.
AFIS
C.
NIBIN
D.
FBI
Answer:
A. CODIS
Explanation:
The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), administered by the FBI, maintains DNA profiles obtained through federal, state, and local DNA sample collection programs, and makes this information available to law enforcement agencies across the country for law enforcement identification purposes.
Select the TWO statements that are true about the amount and types of energy that are visible when each of the light bulbs are shining.
A. The incandescent light bulb does not create as much as much light energy as the fluorescent light bulb.
B. When the fluorescent light bulb is lit, more light energy is visible than thermal energy.
C. The thermal energy is stored in the incandescent light bulb before it is transformed into light energy.
D. More thermal energy is visible when the fluorescent light bulb is lit.
A. The incandescent light bulb does not create as much as much light energy as the fluorescent light bulb.
Why do you think fluorescent bulbs are more energy-efficient than incandescent ones?Incandescent light bulbs have the drawback of wasting a lot of electricity due to heat. All the energy used to create heat is a waste because heat does not produce light, and the light bulb's intended function is to produce light. Thus, incandescent lamps are quite ineffective.
Why does a fluorescent tube produce light that is brighter and uses less energy than an incandescent lamp?Mercury vapor is excited by an electric current in the gas to produce short-wave ultraviolet light, which illuminates a phosphor coating inside the lamp. Compared to an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp is far more efficient at converting electrical energy into usable light.
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When potassium metal is placed in water, a large amount of energy is released as potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas are produced in the reaction 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g). Your lab partner says this is a redox reaction and a combustion reaction. Do you agree? Defend your answer by explaining whether or not it meets the requirements of each type of reaction.
Answer:
is 2K(s)+2H2O(l)→2KOH(aq)+H2(g).
Explanation:
Answer:
pls explain better so we understand
List the 2 pKa's for H2SO4
PRE
Use the activity series below to predict whether the following reactions will take place.
Li>K> Ba > Sr> Ca > Na > Mg > Al> Mn > Zn > Cr> Fe > Cd >
Co > Ni > Sn > Pb> H > Sb> Bi > Cu > Ag > Pd > Hg > Pt > Au
Mn +Ca0 Ca+MnO
Ag+NaNO3 → AgNO3 +Na
-
DONE
DONE
Answer: no for both
Explanation:
just did it
Both reactions will not take place ordinarily.
What is reactivity series?The reactivity series is a list of metals in their order of reactivities - usually in ascending or descending order.
Following this order: Li>K> Ba > Sr> Ca > Na > Mg > Al> Mn > Zn > Cr> Fe > Cd >Co > Ni > Sn > Pb> H > Sb> Bi > Cu > Ag > Pd > Hg > Pt > Au
It means that Li is the most reactive and will displace every other metal in reactions while Au is the least reactive and will not be able to displace metals of higher reactivities.
Thus, for the reaction below:
Mn +Ca0 ---> Ca+MnO
Mn is lower in reactivity than Ca and will therefore not be able to displace ca from CaO.
Also for:
Ag+NaNO3 → AgNO3 +Na
Na is higher than Ag in reactivity and will ordinarily not be displaced by Ag in the reaction.
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which proccess do NOT build mountains
Answer:
its does not
Explanation:
not do...................
what does it mean to count atoms
When you count atoms, remember to multiply the coefficient number and the subscript number to find the number of atoms of that element. Examples: ▪ 2H2O. Number of atoms Number of molecules = 2. H-4.
How many liters of .3M HCl are needed to neutralize 2.5L of 3M NaOH?
Answer: 2.5 lit
Explanation:
What are the correct half reactions for the following reaction: Cu2+ + Mg -> Cu + Mg2+
Answer:
Cu2 + 2Mg-> 2Cu+ Mg2
Explanation:
Balance the equation and make sure both the reactant and the products are the same
Hope it will be helpful
\(Cu^{+2} + 2Mg\) -> \(2Cu + Mg^+2\) is the correct half-reactions.
What is a balanced equation?A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total oxidation numbers is the same for both the reactants and the products.
\(Cu^{+2} + 2Mg\) -> \(2Cu + Mg^+2\) is the correct half-reactions.
Magnesium is oxidized because its oxidation state increased from 0 to +2 while Cu is reduced because its oxidation state decreased from +2 to 0.
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