The kernel color in wheat is a continuous trait determined by two additive genes, each with two alleles, that equally contribute to kernel color determination. The red kernels are determined by two genes and two dominant alleles (R1R1R2R2), and white kernels are determined by two recessive alleles at the same two genes (r1r1r2r2). The duplicate dominant alleles R1 and R2 contribute equally to kernel color and cumulatively control the intensity of the red kernel phenotype. Both these alleles are dominant over the recessive white alleles r1 and r2.
1. A true breeding red plant and true breeding white plant are crossed, and the resulting F1 progeny are selfed. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the kernel progeny of the F2 offspring?
a. 1:46:4:1.
b. 3:1
c. 9:3:3:1.
d. 27:9:9:9:3:3:3.
2. Determine which statement best describes the relationship between the phenotypes of the R1R1 R2r2 and R1r1 R2R2 genotypes.
A. The phenotype of the R1R1 R2r2 will be darker than the phenotype of R1r1 R2R2 because the alleles R1R1 R2r2 Rn have a stronger additive effect than those in R1r1 R2R2.
B. There is no way to predict the expected phenotype color from the genotypes because the trait is continuous and indiscrete.
C. The phenotypes of the R1R1 R2r2 and R1r1 R2R2 genotypes will be the same because the same number of dominant and recessive alleles are contributing in each genotype.
D. The genotype of the R1R1 R2r2 will be lighter than the phenotype of R1r1 R2R2 because the alleles R1R1 R2r2 have a stronger additive effect than those in R1r1 R2R2.
Answers
Answer:
1) Phenotypic ratio= 9:3:3:1
2) The correct statement is C. The phenotypes of the R1R1 R2r2 and R1r1 R2R2 genotypes will be the same because the same number of dominant and recessive alleles are contributing to each genotype.
Explanation:
Available data:
kernel color in wheat is a continuous trait determined by two additive genesBoth genes equally contribute to kernel color determinationRed kernels are determined by two genes and two dominant alleles (R1R1R2R2)White kernels are determined by two recessive alleles at the same two genes (r1r1r2r2)Dominant alleles R1 and R2 contribute equally to kernel color and cumulatively control the intensity of the red kernel phenotypeR1 and R2 are dominant over r1 and r21)
1st cross: A true-breeding red plant with true-breeding white plant
Parentals) R1R1R2R2 x r1r1r2r2
F1) 100% of the progeny will be R1r1 R2r2
2nd cross: Between two dihybrids
Parentals) R1r1R2r2 x R1r1R2r2
Phenotype) Red Red
Gametes) R1R2, R1r2, r1R2, r1r2
R1R2, R1r2, r1R2, r1r2
By using the forked-line method:
1/4 R1R1 x 1/4 R2R2 = 1/16 R1R1 R2R21/4 R1R1 x 2/4 R2r2 = 2/16 R1R1 R2r21/4 R1R1 x 1/4 r2r2 = 1/16 R1R1 r2r22/4 R1r1 x 1/4 R2R2 = 2/16 R1r1 R2R22/4 R1r1 x 2/4 R2r2 = 4/16 R1r1 R2r22/4 R1r1 x 1/4 r2r2 = 2/16 R1r1 r2r21/4 r1r1 x 1/4 R2R2 = 1/16 r1r1 R2R21/4 r1r1 x 2/4 R2r2 = 2/16 r1r1 R2r21/4 r1r1 x 1/4 r2r2 = 1/16 r1r1 r2r2F2)
9/16 R1 - R2-, red phenotype3/16 R1- r2r23/16 r1r1 R2-1/16 r1r1 r2r2, White phenotypeNote: The "-" symbol represents either a dominant or a recessive allele.
Phenotypic ratio: 9:3:3:1
2)
We know that both dominant alleles R1 and R2 contribute equally to kernel color and cumulatively control the intensity of the red kernel phenotype.
Genotypes R1R1 R2r2 and R1r1 R2R2 are carrying the same amount of dominant alleles, all of them are contributing equally to the phenotype, meaning that the cumulative effect is the same in both cases.
If we compare, for instance, R1R1 R2r2 and R1R1 r2r2, we can assume that the first genotype is darker than the second one, because it has 3 dominant alleles ( R1, R1, R2), while the second one only has 2 dominant alleles ( R1, R1).
Dominant alleles contribute equally, but they have cumulative effects, so the more dominant alleles the are in a genotype, the darker is the kernel color.
C. The phenotypes of the R1R1 R2r2 and R1r1 R2R2 genotypes will be the same because the same number of dominant and recessive alleles are contributing to each genotype.
Related Questions
Do I look beautiful for my interview
Answers
Answer:
yessir
Explanation:
thanks for the 8 pts
How the model in the image supports this statement: The body carries critical life functions through systems specialized cells
Answers
Some cells in the body have special jobs they are really good at doing. They are called specialized cells.
What is the specialized cells?The human body has lots of tiny cells, and each of them is different and has a special job to do. This group helps with important things needed to survive.
One type of cells carry oxygen and another type send electrical signals in our body. Specialized cells help the body do important things. Tissues: Groups of similar cells form tissues, such as muscle tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue.
Learn more about specialized cells from
https://brainly.com/question/7869758
#SPJ1
a Bryophyta is called amphibian plant .
Answers
Answer:Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom because these plants though live in soil but they need water for sexual reproduction.
Explanation:
A praying mantis is an insect that feeds off small insects and therefore it is a predator or prey
Answers
Answer:
Predator
Explanation:
Since a Praying Mantis is an animal that naturally preys on others, it would be considered a Predator
Food grain are stored in the blank for future use
Answers
Food grains are stored in the warehouse or granary for future use to maintain the production and supply of food in the country and it is also considered as a security measure for the farmers and government agencies.
The grain storage system is important to preserve the nutritional value of the food grains and avoid the losses incurred due to pests, rodents, and other natural calamities such as floods and droughts.
Food grains are the essential components of the human diet, and they need to be stored with utmost care and caution. The quality of food grains plays a crucial role in ensuring the food security of the country. The farmers and the government agencies take care of storing the food grains in the warehouses, which are usually built in the proximity of the grain-producing areas. These warehouses should be equipped with the latest technologies and tools to ensure the safe storage of food grains.
The government also provides subsidies and financial support to the farmers to build their warehouses to store the food grains. The food grain storage system is crucial for ensuring the continuous supply of food and for the survival of the farmers, especially in the developing countries.
For more such questions on production , visit:
https://brainly.com/question/16755022
#SPJ8
what do youu think multifactorial traits are influenced by
Answers
Multifactorial traits are influenced by genes.
What are genes?The basic unit of inheritance carried from parent to child is called genes. Genes are composed of DNA sequences arranged in order at specific locations on chromosomes within the cell nucleus. Genes are the physical and functional units of heredity.Genes are made of DNA. Some genes act as instructions for making molecules called proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to over two million bases. The suggested word comes from the Greek word genos, meaning birth. This word gave rise to other words like genome.A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building the molecules that make up the functions of the body. Most molecules are proteins. Parents pass their genes on to their offspring.To learn more about genes from the given link :
https://brainly.com/question/8832859
#SPJ1
Summarize the function of checkpoints in the cell cycle
Answers
These include growth to the appropriate cell size, the replication and integrity of the chromosomes, and their accurate segregation at mitosis.
Answer:
Checkpoints stop the cell cycle when errors are detected.
Explanation:
What is population ?
Answers
Answer:
a population is a number of all the organisms of the same group or species who live in a particular geographical area and are capable of interbreeding.
Answer: particular section, group, or type of people or animals living in an area or country.
Explanation:
what molecule is energy stored in the process of respiration
Answers
Answer:
Hope the above picture might help you :)
The formal beginning of psychology occurred in Germany and the United States by which two men? A. William James and Wilhelm Wundt B. Sigmund Freud and William James C. Carl Jung and Wilhelm Wundt D.Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung
A. William James and Wilhelm Wundt
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Wilhelm Wundt in Germany and William James in the United States.
What’s the correct answer answer asap for brainlist
Answers
hope this helps <3
What structure are present in both plant and animal cells?
Answers
Answer: Cell membrane
Explanation: Cell membranes are present in both plant and animal cells to filter things
The gene frequency for a particular characteristic in a population was determined to be 80% A (dominant allele) and 20% a (recessive allele). Fifty years later, the gene frequency was determined to be 60% A and 40% a. What does this change indicate about the gene pool?
Answers
The dominant allele has stayed stable, to evolve. Climate change has an impact on the recessive allele, which has become predominately recessive.
How is gene frequency influenced?
Gene frequencies tend to be stable from generation to generation in the absence of disrupting factors. The natural equilibrium of gene frequencies can be impacted by a variety of factors, including natural selection, mutation, random genetic drift, and migration (or gene flow).
The prevalence of gene variants, or alleles, in a population can change over a short period of time, which is known as microevolution. An allele's allele frequency is how frequently it occurs in a population. By dividing the number of copies of the gene by the population's frequency of the allele, it is determined. The dominant allele has remained stable, but is now evolving as a result of natural selection. The recessive allele, which is now predominately recessive, is impacted by climate change.
To learn more about gene frequencies use link below:
https://brainly.com/question/4062802
#SPJ1
Why do alleles from linked genes sometimes appear to follow the law of
independent assortment?
A. During meiosis, alleles can switch between homologous
chromosomes through crossing over.
B. During independent assortment, alleles can select which
chromosome they are on.
C. During mitosis, alleles will move up and down a chromosome to
stay together.
D. During segregation, alleles on the X chromosome can be passed
to other chromosomes.
Answers
The correct answer is:
A. During meiosis, alleles can switch between homologous chromosomes through crossing over.
Crossing over, which occurs during meiosis, is the process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This can result in the swapping of alleles between linked genes, leading to new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes. As a result, linked genes may appear to follow the law of independent assortment, where alleles are randomly assorted into gametes.
During meiosis, crossing over allows alleles from linked genes to switch places and appear to follow the law of independent assortment.
Explanation:In genetics, alleles from linked genes sometimes appear to follow the law of independent assortment due to the phenomenon of crossing over during meiosis. Crossing over occurs when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, resulting in the recombination of alleles on different chromosomes. This process can lead to the separation of linked alleles and the appearance of independent assortment.
For example, let's consider two genes located close to each other on a chromosome. Initially, the alleles for these genes are linked and inherited together. However, during crossing over, a break can occur between the genes, allowing the alleles to switch places. As a result, the alleles can end up on different chromosomes, leading to independent assortment.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Crossing over during meiosis allows for the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes and breaks the link between genes, resulting in the appearance of independent assortment.
Learn more about Linkage and Crossing Over here:https://brainly.com/question/31989128
#SPJ2
Write me a 10 minute speech about varicella zoster
Need it asap
Answers
Varicella Zoster is an infectious viral disease causing chickenpox in children and shingles in grown-ups. Inoculation plays a crucial part in avoidance and lessening complications.
Aspeech on Varicella-ZosterWomen and noblemen,
Nowadays, I would like to examine a vital and predominant viral disease known as Varicella Zoster. Varicella Zoster, commonly alluded to as chickenpox, is caused by a varicella-zoster infection. It fundamentally influences children, but can too affect grown-ups who have not been already contaminated.
Varicella Zoster presents as a profoundly infectious sickness characterized by a particular hasty, fever, and common disquietude. The infection spreads through coordinated contact or respiratory beads, making it effortlessly transmissible inside families and communities.
Whereas chickenpox is for the most part a gentle ailment in children, it can lead to more serious complications in grown-ups, pregnant ladies, and people with debilitated resistant frameworks. These complications incorporate pneumonia, bacterial contaminations, and in uncommon cases, neurological complications such as encephalitis.
Luckily, the improvement of a profoundly successful antibody has essentially diminished the frequency of Varicella Zoster around the world. Immunization not as it were secures people from the distress and potential complications of chickenpox, but too makes a difference anticipate the infection from spreading inside the community.
In any case, Varicella Zoster doesn't halt at chickenpox. Once the introductory contamination settles, the infection remains torpid inside the body and can reactivate a long time afterward, causing a condition known as herpes zoster, or more commonly, shingles.
Shingles are characterized by a difficult hasty that ordinarily happens in a single dermatome, regularly along the middle or confront. The reactivated infection can cause critical pain and inconvenience, enduring for weeks or indeed months. Moreover, complications such as postherpetic neuralgia, a persistent torment disorder, can happen, especially in more seasoned people.
To combat the chance of shingles, an isolated antibody called the shingles antibody or herpes zoster immunization has been created. This antibody not as it were makes a difference anticipate shingles but moreover diminishes the chance of postherpetic neuralgia.
In conclusion, Varicella Zoster, enveloping both chickenpox and shingles, could be a viral contamination that has critical suggestions for open well-being. We have made significant progress in reducing the burden of this disease through extensive vaccination efforts.
In any case, ongoing efforts to prevent Varicella zoster from returning to our communities and to protect powerless populations require prompt attention and vaccination.
Much obliged to you for your thought. Let's collaborate to ensure a better future for everyone.
Learn more about chicken pox here:
https://brainly.com/question/4024185
#SPJ2
Storage polysaccharides, like starch and glycogen, often contain over a million glucose units. The energetic cost of synthesizing polysaccharides is high (about one high-energy phosphate bond per sugar residue added). Suppose that in a liver cell, the glucosyl residues in large numbers of glycogen molecules were replaced with an equivalent number of molecules of free glucose. What problems would this cause for the liver cell
Answers
Answer:
Glucose present as monomers within the cell will exert more osmotic pressure than a single glycogen molecule, resulting in endosmosis and the lysing of cells.
Also, the presence of free glucose molecules will result in increase in weight of the liver due to lack of efficient packing as in glycogen as well as the association ofnthe glucose molecules with water molecules.
Explanation:
Glycogen is a polysaccharide composed of glucose monomer units linked to Each other by α-1,4-glycosidic binds. α-1,6-branches arises at about every 10th glucose residue in the straight chain. Thus animals more glucose molecules to be stored within a much smaller space, thereby incresing the bulkiness of glycogen. Glycogen molecules are insoluble in the aqueous medium of the cell because it doesn't have enough free polar groups to participate in hydrogen bonding with water and are stored as granules and therefore do not affect the water potential or osmotic balance of the cell.
On the other hand, glucose molecules are highly soluble in water because it has many free polar -OH grours that form hydrogen bonds with water. If the glucosyl residues in large numbers of glycogen molecules were replaced with an equivalent number of molecules of free glucose, the free glucose will exert a high osmotic pressure inside the cell, causing the entry of water in the cell by endosmosis resulting in swelling and lysis ofnthe cell. Also, the space occupied by these free glucose units within the cell will be much larger than that of glycogen whichmenables efficient packing ofthe glucose molecules.
4. What are three types of stressors
Answers
Answer:
whats a stressors
Explanation:
Diatoms are one of the most common types of phytoplankton in marine habitats. Like plants, diatoms contain chlorophyll and produce glucose from which of the following?
A. O2 and ATP
B. CO2 and O2
C. ATP and H2O
D. CO2 and H2O
Answers
Answer: Co2 and H2O.
Explanation: In the process of photosynthesis, glucose, and oxygen are produced using CO2 and H2O.
I had biology last year, and it was my favorite subject! I really hope this helps!
realized
Linnaeus's ?
Answers
Answer:I dont not understand this question sorry
Explanation:
Answer and Explanation:
All modern classification systems have their roots in the Linnaean classification system. The Linnaean system is based on similarities in obvious physical traits. From the kingdom to the species. Each species is given a unique two-word Latin name.
If this isn't what you were asking then, sorry. I didn't understand the question but I sorta recongnized the word, "Linnaeus" so I thought this was what you were talking about.
A box at the intersection between a row and a column on a spreadsheet is a
Answers
The point where a column and a row intersection is known as a cell.
What is intersection?When two streets or lines cross, it is known as an intersection. The two places where crossings are most likely to occur are in math class as well as in traffic. An intersection in mathematics is the place where two lines converge. This is the common theme among the lines. There is an intersection in the middle of the letter X. The same holds true for a street's intersection; in this case, Huron and Clark's. You can take either street away from the intersection. Knowing the main intersections is useful while trying to go somewhere.
To learn more about intersection
https://brainly.com/question/30088237
#SPJ1
What are the products of respiration?
Answers
Which statement about the nervous system is true?
O A. It only exists in the brain.
B. It stores information.
C. It works just like electrical wires.
O D. It does not have control over slowing or speeding up your body.
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
it would be c because the nervous system works just like electric wires
The photograph shows rockweed. Which feature allows rockweed to
withstand the constant wave action of its environment?
A. The ability to carry out chemosynthesis
B. The ability to firmly attach to rocks
C. The ability to produce its own light
D. The ability to carry out photosynthesis
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
This is the answer because if the rockweed is able to firmly attach its self to the rocks it would be able to withstand the constant wave action
The tendency to firmly attach to rocks allows rockweed to withstand the constant wave action of its environment.
RockweedIt is a brown alga and grows in the rich intertidal zone.
The holdfast of a rockweed permits it to withstand the constant wave action of its surroundings.
Holdfast is a tiny stem-like composition which allows the weed to anchor firmly to the rocks.
The rockweeds possess some of the advantages over the normal weeds that permits them to sustain in water like the intense developed root systems.
Thus, the correct answer is option B, that is, the ability to firmly attach to rocks.
To know more about:
https://brainly.com/question/10655000
Which term describes what happens when a wooded area is cut down to build a shopping mall?
Answers
Which organisms can reproduce using the process of fragmentation
Answers
Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction and is seen in annelids, fungi, cyanobacteria, sponges, and flatworms.
In Fragmentation, an organism divides itself into a number of fragments. It occurs when an organism completely breaks down independently irrespective of the other parts. Each one of these fragments matures into fully grown adults that are clones of the original organism.
Asexual reproduction usually involves the participation of a single parent alone can produce new offspring. The newly produced individual is genetically identical to one another and its parent. Both multicellular and unicellular organisms divide by fragmentation which is asexual reproduction.
Fragmentation is the most common method of reproduction in lower invertebrates. It is seen in many organisms including filamentous cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, molds, many plants, and animals such as flatworms, annelid worms, sponges, and sea stars.
Learn more about the fragmentation from the given link.
https://brainly.com/question/29633695
The organisms that can reproduce by fragmentation are Option d Sponges and Sea anemones.
Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism breaks into two or more fragments, and each fragment develops into a new individual. Both sponges and sea anemones are examples of organisms that exhibit this mode of reproduction.
Sponges are simple multicellular animals that lack true tissues and organs. They possess a porous body structure, and when a sponge is fragmented, each fragment has the potential to develop into a new sponge through regeneration. These fragments contain specialized cells called archaeocytes that can differentiate into various cell types required for the formation of a new sponge.
Sea anemones, on the other hand, are marine animals belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. They have a cylindrical body with tentacles surrounding their mouth. When a sea anemone is fragmented, each piece can regenerate into a complete individual. The process involves the differentiation of cells within the fragments, leading to the development of new tentacles, body parts, and eventually a mature sea anemone.
Both sponges and sea anemones have remarkable regenerative abilities, allowing them to reproduce through fragmentation. This form of asexual reproduction enables them to colonize new areas, expand their population, and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Therefore the correct option is D
Know more about Sea anemones here:
https://brainly.com/question/9933861
#SPJ8
The Question was Incomplete, Find the full content below :
The organisms which can reproduce by fragmentation are:
(a) Corals and Sponges
(b) Corals and Spirogyra
(c) Sea anemone and Spirogyra
(d) Sponges and Sea anemones.
Starfish and sea lilies
and sand dollars are example of what
Answers
Answer:
Marine life, or sea cratures, or water creatures, or water type creatures.
Explanation:
Emphasis on SEA and I know starfish are also in the SEA.
[
What does it mean for a virus to "infect" a cell?
The virus lands on the outside of the cell and remains there until the cell produces more viruses.
The virus lands on the outside of the cell and eats proteins on the surface of the cell.
O The virus lands on the outside of the cell and injects its genetic material into the cell.
The virus lands on the outside of the cell and injects its proteins into the cell.
Answers
Answer:
for a virus to infect a cell, it means to spread. when it spreads, it overtakes what should be a healthy functioning cell and pollutes it.
An amoeba ingests large food particles by
Answers
Write a system of linear inequalities that defines the shaded region shown.
Select one:
O a. y> 5 and y < 2
O b. x + 3y <5 and -x+y<0
O c. x>5 and x < 2
O d. y>x-3 and y < 5
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is d. y>x-3 and y < 5
The shaded region can be defined by two inequalities:
y>x-3 represents the line y = x-3, which is the upper boundary of the shaded region and lies above it.
y < 5 represents the line y = 5, which is the lower boundary of the shaded region and lies below it.
So the system of linear inequalities that defines the shaded region is y>x-3 and y < 5.
help due in 15 mins:(
Answers
Answer:
16
Explanation: