The common law developed the law of contract to allow certainty and freedom in commercial dealings. Parliamenthas, however, intervened to ensure that this freedom to contract is not abused"
Explain and discuss this statement in particular with regard to:
The sources of English law.
The necessary ingredients for an enforceable contract; and the rights of persons who are not party to a contract;
The exclusion of liability for personal injury.

The expected annual annuity payment would be $89,081.16.

Given Amount available in a retirement account = $850,000

Remaining lifespan = 15 years

Discount rate = 8%

To find The annual annuity payment we expect

We can use the present value of an annuity formula to solve this problem.The formula for the present value of an annuity:

P = R × PVIFA (r, n)

Where,P = the present value of the annuity

R = the periodic payment PVIF

A = Present Value Interest Factor of Annuit y

r = the discount rate per period

n = the number of periods

First, let's calculate the PVIFA.

PVIFA (r, n) = [1 - 1/(1+r)^n]/r

PVIFA (8%, 15) = [1 - 1/(1+8%)^15]/8%

PVIFA (8%, 15) = [1 - 1/3.172]/0.08

PVIFA (8%, 15) = 9.545

Now, put the values in the present value formula.

P = R × PVIFA (r, n)

$850,000 = R × 9.545

R = $850,000/9.545

R = $89,081.16

Hence, the expected annual annuity payment would be $89,081.16.

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Reasons for some businesses choosing not to participate in global trade. Cost considerations play a significant role in this decision-making process.

Some businesses choose not to participate in global trade for various reasons. Engaging in international trade often requires substantial investments in infrastructure, logistics, distribution networks, and compliance with trade regulations. For small or resource-constrained businesses, these costs may outweigh the potential benefits of accessing global markets.

Market saturation is another factor that can deter businesses from engaging in global trade. In highly competitive industries, local markets may already be saturated with similar products or services. In such cases, businesses may prioritize consolidating their position in the domestic market rather than expanding internationally.

Complexity and risk associated with global trade can also discourage some businesses. International trade involves navigating through diverse legal systems, cultural differences, trade barriers, and geopolitical uncertainties. These complexities can be overwhelming, particularly for small or inexperienced businesses that lack the necessary expertise or resources to navigate the international market effectively.

Limited demand for their products or services in foreign markets is another reason why some businesses choose not to participate in global trade. If a company's offerings have limited appeal or relevance outside their domestic market, it may not make economic sense to invest in international expansion.

Lastly, strategic focus and resource allocation are critical considerations for businesses. Some companies may prioritize focusing on their core competencies and refining their operations in the local market rather than diverting resources towards global trade.

While global trade offers numerous opportunities for growth and expansion, businesses must carefully evaluate these factors to determine whether participating in the global market aligns with their goals, capabilities, and competitive landscape.

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With an investment of $240 at 9% interest rate, compounded monthly for 14 years, the investment will be worth $842. 13.

N (# of periods) = 168 (14 x 12)

I/Y (Interest per year) = 9%

PV (Present Value) = $240

PMT (Periodic Payment) = $0

Future Value = $842.13

Total Interest $602.13

Thus, with an investment of $240 at 9% interest rate, compounded monthly for 14 years, the investment will be worth $842. 13.

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The given statement "In the late 1800s, farm families in the trans-Mississippi became less dependent on loans as to purchase land and industrial products for agricultural goods market" is False because geographic area experienced the most dramatic growth in capitalism.

The capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by the private owners for profit.

That's why, it is wrong statement that in the late 1800s, farm families in the trans-Mississippi west became less dependent on loans as they were able to purchase land, machinery, and manufacturing products whose  costs for agricultural goods.

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Lily is able to use the check from Sarah to make her grocery payments by depositing the check into her bank account and then using the funds from the account to pay for her groceries.

When Lily receives the check from Sarah, she can endorse the back of the check with her signature and deposit it into her bank account. The bank then processes the check and credits the amount to Lily's account, making the funds available for her use. With the funds in her bank account, Lily can either withdraw cash or use other payment methods, such as a debit card or online transfer, to make her grocery payments at the supermarket.

Using checks as a form of payment offers convenience and security. It eliminates the need for carrying large amounts of cash and provides a record of the transaction. By depositing the check into her bank account, Lily can access the funds easily and use them for her various financial needs, including paying her grocery bills. The banking system ensures that the check amount is transferred from Sarah's account to Lily's account, enabling her to make purchases without relying solely on physical cash.

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False.

Book value is a financial term that represents the value of an asset or a company's equity as reported on its balance sheet. It is determined based on the historical cost of the asset or the accounting principles used for valuing equity. Book value is not directly influenced by supply and demand factors in the market.

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The rate of return that Janet would have earned for the past year is 9.95%.

Given,

Face value of the bond= $1,000

Coupon rate= 10%

Expected yield to maturity= 9.91%

Maturity= 10 years

Purchase price of the bond= $1,000We need to calculate the rate of return earned by Janet for the past year.

So,Current price of the bond= $1,077.14

Coupon payment= $1000 × 10% = $100

Now, we will calculate the number of coupon payments made.

Number of coupon payments made= 1 × 10 = 10

Now, we will calculate the price of the bond at the beginning of the year.

Price of the bond at the beginning of the year= coupon payment × (1 – 1 / (1 + r)n) / r + face value / (1 + r)n

Where,

r= yield to maturity / 2 = 9.91 / 2 = 4.955

n= number of periods = 10 × 2 = 20

Price of the bond at the beginning of the year= 100 × (1 – 1 / (1 + 4.955 / 100)20) / (4.955 / 100) + 1000 / (1 + 4.955 / 100)20= $979.64

The total amount earned by Janet would be= $1,077.14 – $979.64 = $97.5

We will use the formula given below to calculate the rate of return.

Rate of return = Total amount earned / Price of the bond at the beginning of the year × 100

Rate of return = $97.5 / $979.64 × 100= 9.947%

So, the rate of return earned by Janet for the past year is 9.947%.This is the required answer. However, we have to round the answer to two decimal places.

So, the answer becomes 9.95%.

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Answer:

D. Monopoly

Explanation:

A monopoly is a market structure which is typically characterized by a single-seller who sells a unique product in the market by dominance. Thus, it is a market structure wherein the seller has no competitor because he is solely responsible for the sale of unique products without close substitutes. Any individual that deals with the sales of unique products in a monopolistic market is generally referred to as a monopolist.

Hence, the public power company is an example of a monopoly because they serve as the only power utility provider to the public.

Additionally, a public power company refers to a company that provides power (electricity) utility to the general public of a society.  

The number of units of optimal order quantity should be ordered for annual demand is 1500 units.

The most economical amount of inventory a company should hold at any one time is the optimal order quantity. Simply put, this formula shows your ideal order size to satisfy demand without requiring too much working capital for extra stock. In order for enterprises to maintain low inventory costs, this computation, also known as the economic order quantity (EOQ), is essential. You may reduce the cost of inventory connected to ordering, receiving, and storing your products with the aid of the optimal order quantity formula. For retailers who sell directly to consumers (DTC), determining the optimal order quantity is crucial. For starters, optimum amount aids organizations in placing prompt orders and averting expensive stockout situations. The revenue, however, might also be significantly increased.

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Answer: (1) Entrepreneurs are always looking for ways to make money while small business have the same goal but company owners also focus on maintaining their business income to pay for operating expenses.

(2) Entrepreneurs are more likely to take on debt than small business owners and typically have much higher risk tolerance. They are comfortable assuming larger uncertainties to pursue new ideas and opportunities

(3) Entrepreneurs are risk-takers while store owners are more conservative

(4)  Entrepreneurs are future-oriented, while small business owners typically focus on the present.  

Explanation:

A 20-year bond was issued 5 years ago for RM900, and coupon rate is 5% annually. The current market price of the bond is RM850. Question: - Determine cost of debt at the time of issuance. 4.44 % - Determine the current cost of debt. 6.35%

Determine cost of debt at the time of issuance and current cost of debt.At the time of issuance, the cost of debt can be calculated using the following formula:

Cost of Debt = (Coupon Payment + ((Face Value - Current Market Price) / Years to Maturity)) / ((Face Value + Current Market Price) / 2)

Where,Coupon Payment = 5% of RM900 = RM45

Face Value = RM900

Current Market Price = RM900

Years to Maturity = 20 - 5 = 15

Cost of Debt = (45 + ((900 - 900) / 15)) / ((900 + 900) / 2)= 4.44%

Therefore, the cost of debt at the time of issuance is 4.44%.

The current cost of debt can be calculated using the following formula:

Current Cost of Debt = (Coupon Payment + ((Face Value - Current Market Price) / Years to Maturity)) / ((Face Value + Current Market Price) / 2)

Where,Coupon Payment = 5% of RM900 = RM45

Face Value = RM900Current Market Price = RM850

Years to Maturity = 20 - 5 = 15

Current Cost of Debt = (45 + ((900 - 850) / 15)) / ((900 + 850) / 2)= 6.35%

Therefore, the current cost of debt is 6.35%.

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a) The annual after-tax income is approximately RM 47,040. b) The annual after-tax cash flow is approximately RM 63,040. c) The payback period is approximately 4.41 years.

d) The accounting rate of return is approximately 18.82%. e) The net present value (NPV) is approximately RM 19,496.89. f) The approximate internal rate of return (IRR) is approximately 16.51%. The calculations show that the investment in the new testing facility generates positive returns. The after-tax income and cash flow indicate the profitability and available funds. The payback period shows the time required to recoup the initial investment. The accounting rate of return demonstrates the percentage return relative to the investment cost. The positive NPV suggests that the investment is worthwhile, and the IRR provides an estimated return rate. These metrics aid in evaluating the financial performance and potential of the investment.

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Answer:

Explanation:direct conversion

The simply stopping the old system and starting the new one--which is called System Migration. System migration is the process of transferring a system’s instructions and programs over to another platform or into an upgraded version.

A system migration is the process of transferring business process IT resources to a newer hardware infrastructure or a different software platform for the purpose of keeping up with current technologies and/or to gain better business value.

A system migration might involve physical migration of computing assets, like when older hardware can no longer provide the required level of performance and meet the business needs of the organization.

Sometimes only data and applications need to be migrated to a new system or platform.

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Answer: In broad terms, corporate communication is the practice of creating, fostering, and maintaining a consistent brand image and identity. Effective corporate communication helps you mold a company image that promotes internal loyalty while also creating loyal external customers.

Answer:

if they don't communicate well with their workers, it will ruin the company's image since non of the workers wouldn't know what to do and then the company will have a downfall since they had no income.

Explanation:

sorry if I don't make sense

Answer:

Explanation:

depreciation

When consumed, many goods and services have an impact on other people not using the product. Depreciation word describes this impact. The correct option is B.

Application developers who have already subscribed to a product may still use it after it is deprecated, but no new developers may do so. We disapprove of this use of company funds for political activities. to say that you disapprove of something.

In order to maintain backward compatibility and give programmers time to bring affected code into compliance with the new standard, features are deprecated rather than immediately removed. The following are some of the primary causes of depreciation: A more potent substitute feature has taken the place of the former feature.

Thus, the ideal selection is option B.

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The aggregate accounting subcategories are frequently interrelated. This statement is true.

Aggregate accounting refers to the process of combining or consolidating financial information from multiple entities or subsidiaries within a larger organization. The main subcategories of aggregate accounting include consolidation, elimination, and intercompany transactions.

Consolidation involves combining the financial statements of individual entities to create a consolidated financial statement for the entire organization. This process requires the interdependence of various subcategories such as revenue recognition, expense allocation, and balance sheet consolidation. Changes in one subcategory can impact the overall consolidation process.

Elimination refers to removing intercompany transactions or balances from the consolidated financial statements to avoid double-counting or misrepresentation. Intercompany transactions can affect multiple subcategories such as revenue, expenses, and assets, making their elimination a crucial step in ensuring accurate financial reporting.

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Answer:

Depends on if its simple or compund bu since your investing to earn, ill estimate they want the compound answer which is 999.60 which can be rounded to $1000. If they want it rounded, its $1000 if they dont, it's none of the above

Explanation:

A=P(1+r)t

A=952(1+0.05)1

A=952(1.05)1

A=952(1.05)

A=952x1.05

A=999.60 which can be rounded to 1000

The bank statement is for a current account. The evidence to show that's it's a current account include:

The transaction on the bank statement that is most likely a paycheck is the automatic deposit of $2055.

The owner of the account cannot buy the $750 refrigerator because he has a balance of $240.

The from the statement indicates that the owner of the account may have already overdrawn is because the total withdrawals are -$330.57.

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Answer:

The guy above really helped got a 100 on this because of this guy thank you.

Explanation:

Answer: It is B. AlA

Explanation:ALA is open to all architects and professions related to architecture. Our members hold individual memberships and specialize in all types of architecture.

Answer:

Una vez que toda la sustancia está en estado líquido, al continuar calentando vuelve a subir la temperatura y llega un momento en que las fuerzas intermoleculares ya son incapaces de mantener juntas las moléculas del líquido, por lo que éste hierve y se convierte en un gas, se produce la ebullición.

It would take approximately 1 month until the cash runs out if the rate of decline remains the same.

To determine the number of months until the cash runs out, we can use the given information;

Rate of decline: $20,000 per month

Current cash balance: $18,090

Let's assume that the cash balance reaches zero after 'n' months.

The decline in cash balance follows a linear pattern, with a decrease of $20,000 per month. This can be represented as;

Cash balance = Initial cash balance - Rate of decline x Number of months

Using the given data;

0 = $18,090 - $20,000 x n

Now we can solve for 'n', the number of months;

$20,000 x n = $18,090

n = $18,090 / $20,000

n ≈ 0.9045

Since 'n' represents the number of months, we round up to the nearest whole month to account for partial months. Therefore, it would take approximately 1 month (rounded up from 0.9045 months) until the cash runs out if the rate of decline remains the same.

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the estimated stock price today is $89.82.

How to calculate?

First, we need to calculate the expected dividends for the next two years:

D1 = D0 x (1 + g1) = $2.5 x (1 + 0.15) = $2.875

D2 = D1 x (1 + g2) = $2.875 x (1 + 0.15) = $3.30625

After year 2, dividends will grow at a constant rate of 8%, so we can use the constant growth model to calculate the stock price:

P2 = D2 x (1 + g) / (r - g) = $3.30625 x (1 + 0.08) / (0.045 - 0.08) = $95.05682

Now we can use the dividend discount model to calculate the present value of the expected dividends and the stock price today:

PV = (D1 / (1 + r)²1) + (D2 / (1 + r)²2) + (P2 / (1 + r)²2)

= ($2.875 / 1.045) + ($3.30625 / 1.045^2) + ($95.05682 / 1.045²2)

= $2.7361 + $2.9449 + $84.1392

= $89.8202

Therefore, the estimated stock price today is $89.82.

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A trader might be willing to enter into a straddle if they believe that the underlying asset is likely to experience a significant price movement in the near future, but they are uncertain about the direction of the movement.  Net profit = -$36 (negative profit)

By buying both a call and put option, the trader can profit regardless of whether the price goes up or down, as long as it moves enough to make one of the options profitable.

A straddle is an options trading strategy that involves buying both a call option and a put option with the same strike price and expiration date. The goal of a straddle is to profit from a significant price move in either direction, regardless of whether it is up or down.

To calculate the profit from a straddle, we need to consider the combined cost of buying both the call and put options, as well as the potential payout from exercising either option depending on the price movement of the underlying asset.

In this case, the call option has a price of $5 and the put option has a price of $6, both with a strike price of $30. Assuming we buy one call option and one put option, our total cost for the straddle would be:

Total cost = call option price + put option price

Total cost = $5 + $6

Total cost = $11

Now, let's consider the potential profit from the straddle depending on the price movement of the underlying asset. We will assume that the underlying asset is a stock.

If the stock price is below $24 at expiration, both the call and put options will expire worthless, and we will lose the entire $11 cost of the straddle.

If the stock price is between $24 and $36 at expiration, the call option will expire worthless, but the put option will be in-the-money and we can exercise it to sell the stock at the $30 strike price. The profit from the put option would be:

Profit from put option = strike price - put option price

Profit from put option = $30 - $6

Profit from put option = $24

However, we need to subtract the cost of the straddle, which is $11, so our net profit would be:

Net profit = profit from put option - total cost

Net profit = $24 - $11

Net profit = $13

If the stock price is above $36 at expiration, the put option will expire worthless, but the call option will be in-the-money and we can exercise it to buy the stock at the $30 strike price. The profit from the call option would be:

Profit from call option = call option price - strike price

Profit from call option = $5 - $30

Profit from call option = -$25 (negative profit)

However, we need to subtract the cost of the straddle, which is $11, so our net profit would be:

Net profit = profit from call option - total cost

Net profit = -$25 - $11

Net profit = -$36 (negative profit)

Therefore, we can see that a straddle can potentially result in a profit if the underlying asset moves significantly in either direction, but it also carries the risk of losing the entire cost of the straddle if the price does not move enough to make either option profitable.

A trader might be willing to enter into a straddle if they believe that the underlying asset is likely to experience a significant price movement in the near future, but they are uncertain about the direction of the movement. By buying both a call and put option, the trader can profit regardless of whether the price goes up or down, as long as it moves enough to make one of the options profitable.

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A 90-day forward-sale purchase contract will help to reduce or eliminate the risk facing the U.S. Firm.

This refers to a special contract between two parties to purchase or sell an asset at an agreed price on a future date.

The fact that the price has been set and agreed upon protects the parties from fluctuations, which in this case, is exchange rate risks.

The correct answer, thus, is A.

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Promotions that are oriented towards end-users and include coupons, contests, premiums, refunds, rebates, free samples, and price-off offers are all examples of sales promotion tools.

Sales promotion is a marketing activity that aims to boost sales, enhance brand awareness, and create interest in a product or service. Sales promotion tools are often used to encourage consumers to try a new product or to increase sales of an existing product. Coupons are one of the most popular sales promotion tools. They offer consumers a discount on a product or service and can be distributed through various channels such as newspapers, magazines, mail, or social media. Contests are another effective way to engage consumers and create excitement around a brand. Premiums are gifts or incentives offered to customers who purchase a product or service, and they can range from free items to high-value rewards. Refunds and rebates are also popular sales promotion tools that encourage customers to purchase a product by offering them a partial or full refund after the purchase. Free samples are another way to introduce consumers to a new product or service. Finally, price-off offers provide consumers with a discounted price on a product or service, which can be an effective way to boost sales and encourage consumers to try a new product. In conclusion, promotions that are oriented towards end-users and include coupons, contests, premiums, refunds, rebates, free samples, and price-off offers are all valuable sales promotion tools that can help businesses increase sales and create interest in their products or services.

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Answer:

I think b is that the answer

Suppose that while households are deciding to increase savings, the demand by firms for investment funds falls. in the market for loanable funds, the real interest rate will decrease and the quantity of loanable funds will reduce.

If households are deciding to increase their savings while the demand for investment funds by firms falls, the market for loanable funds will experience a decrease in the real interest rate and a reduction in the quantity of loanable funds.

When households decide to save more, they will have more funds to lend, which will lead to an increase in the supply of loanable funds. On the other hand, when firms decrease their demand for investment funds, they will need to borrow less from the loanable funds market, leading to a decrease in the demand for loanable funds.

This change in the supply and demand of loanable funds will cause a shift in the equilibrium in the market. The new equilibrium will occur at a lower real interest rate and a lower quantity of loanable funds. The decrease in the real interest rate occurs because households are saving more, which reduces the cost of borrowing funds. The reduction in the quantity of loanable funds occurs because firms are borrowing less, and households are saving more, leading to a decrease in the amount of funds available for borrowing.

Overall, this scenario highlights the interconnectedness of the loanable funds market and how changes in household savings and firm investment can affect the real interest rate and quantity of loanable funds in the market.

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