San antonio independent school district v. rodriguez (1973) in 1968, members of the edgewood concerned parent association filed a lawsuit in a texas district court challenging that the system of using property taxes as the main source of revenue for school districts discriminated against poorer school districts. they provided evidence showing that wealthier schools serving primarily white students spent more money per pupil than poorer schools, especially those with minority populations. without a wealthy tax base to fund their schools, they argued that poorer students’ fourteenth amendment rights were being violated.the case was brought before the supreme court in san antonio independent school district v. rodriguez (1973). in a 5-4 decision, which was divided along ideological lines, the supreme court ruled that the students’ constitutional rights were not violated by the texas school funding plan. in writing the majority opinion, justice powell stated that "the texas plan is not the result of hurried, ill-conceived legislation. it certainly is not the product of purposeful discrimination against any group or class. on the contrary, it is rooted in decades of experience in texas and elsewhere, and, in major part, is the product of responsible studies by qualified people."
question a. identify the clause of the fourteenth amendment that is common to both brown v. board of education of topeka (1954) and san antonio independent school district v. rodriguez (1973).
b. explain how the difference in facts led to a different decision in both brown v. board of education of topeka and san antonio independent school district v. rodriguez.
c. explain how the outcome in san antonio independent school district v. rodriguez demonstrates how public policy regarding equality of opportunity is affected by federalism in the united states.
Answers
The clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is the equal protection clause. In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the issue was whether the segregation of public schools was based on race. San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez case outcome is regarding equal opportunity being affected by federalism.
a. The clause of the fourteenth amendment that is common to both Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) and San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973) is the equal protection clause.
b. In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the issue was the segregation of schools based on race, which the Supreme Court ruled was unconstitutional and a violation of the equal protection clause. In San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, the issue was the funding of schools based on property taxes, which the Supreme Court ruled did not violate the equal protection clause as it was not a purposeful discrimination against any group or class.
c. The outcome in San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez demonstrates how public policy regarding equality of opportunity is affected by federalism in the United States because it allows states to have control over their own educational systems and funding, which can lead to disparities in resources and opportunities for students in different areas. The Supreme Court's decision, in this case, upheld the state's right to determine its own funding system, even if it resulted in unequal educational opportunities for students. This highlights the challenge of balancing state autonomy with the federal government's responsibility to ensure equal protection and opportunity for all citizens.
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Related Questions
Jackson is preparing for his hearing before the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) involving a complaint that was filed against him by the FCC regarding the interruption of radio frequency. The order to "cease and desist" using the radio frequency has had a detrimental impact on his business.
The Federal court, through stare decisis, will look to precedent in ruling on Jackson's case.
Yes, the court will look to cases that have already been decided in deciding Jackson's case.
No, the court will start with a clean slate in reaching a decision regarding Jackson's case.
Answers
Answer:
Yes, the court will look to cases that have already been decided in deciding Jackson's case.
Explanation:
The court has scheduled hearing which Jackson has to attend. In this case the court will look into details of the matter and then find out the decision. If there are some difficulties in concluding the case then references will be taken from previous cases whose decisions has been decided.
Answer:
Yes, the court will look to cases that have already been decided in deciding Jackson's case.
Explanation:
I did the assignment in edge 2021.
How believable and authoritative someone is refers to:
OA. credibility and character.
B. the audience and their expectations.
OC. appeals and arguments.
OD. emotions and logic.
Answers
According to the question, believable and authoritative someone is refers to credibility and character.
What is authoritative?Authoritative is a type of leadership style where a leader has the final say in decisions and is respected by the team. It involves a leader setting clear goals and expectations and providing instructions on how to complete tasks. The leader is also firm and consistent in enforcing the rules and expectations, and provides guidance and support when needed. This type of leadership is often suited to situations where a leader needs to take a decisive action or make a quick decision. It also works well when a team is working on a specific task that requires discipline and focus. Authoritative leaders are often seen as strong and respected, and their teams are typically well-organized and productive.
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What is characteristic of an organization in which salespeople do most or all of their own marketing?
independent
small size
nonprofit
private
Answers
Answer:
private
Explanation:
people are doing private marketing to earn money for themselves
a financial plan is most influenced by
Answers
Answer: priorities and goals
Explanation: because
The financial plan is most influenced by priorities and goals Option(b) is correct.
What does Financial Plan means?Overall utilization, a financial plan is a complete assessment of a singular's ongoing compensation and future financial state by utilizing current known factors to foresee future pay, resource values and withdrawal plans.
In business, a financial plan can allude to the three essential financial assertions monetary record, pay explanation, and income proclamation) made inside a field-tested strategy. Financial estimate or financial plan can likewise allude to a yearly projection of pay and costs for an organization, division, or division.
A financial plan can likewise be an assessment of money needs and a choice on the most proficient method to raise the money, like through getting or giving extra offers in an organization A financial plan might contain forthcoming financial explanations, which are comparative, however unique, than a financial plan. Financial plans are the whole financial bookkeeping outline of an organization. Complete financial plans contain all periods and exchange types.
Therefore Option(b) is correct.
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What does indigenous technology mean?
Answers
Answer: I hope this is helpful mark brainlist if right then no if wrong
Explanation:
Indigenous technology is used by the native inhabitants of a country or region and it constitutes an important part of its cultural heritage. Characteristically, indigenous technologies: Are recognized as animate, imbued with the breath of life and they live in form and function.Technologies employed by the native inhabitants of a country and which constitute an important part of its cultural heritage and should therefore be protected against exploitation by industrialized countries; the problem of indigenous knowledge has been discussed during the Rio Conference but it does not receive much ...Types of indigenous technology in India are; (i) Generic Drugs. (ii) Thorium based Nuclear Reactors. (iii) Plastic RoadsIndigenous Technology is created within a sensory environment that builds on our sense of relationship, meaning, balance, feeling, memory and place as well as sight, sound, smell, taste and touchIndigenization is the process by which Indigenous ways of knowing, being, doing and relating are incorporated into educational, organizational, cultural and social structures of the institution.One example of Indigenous Technologies in action today can be witnessed in differential approaches to medicine. Medical technologies in the Western Scientific sense of the term might conjure images of biomedical research labs, electromagnetic monitors or imaging systems such as CT or MRI scans.Indigenous technology is used by the native inhabitants of a country or region and it constitutes an important part of its cultural heritage. Characteristically, indigenous technologies: Are recognized as animate, imbued with the breath of life and they live in form and function.
Which of the following choices is not a career assessment value?
Answers
Answer: Career assessments are surveys or tests that attempt to give insight into what type of career would be best for someone. There are four major types of career assessments: personality tests, interest inventories, skills assessments, and value assessments.Career assessment is a way to learn more about how well a variety of careers might suit you. Different types of assessments focuses on specific areas, such as skills, interests, or values.
Explanation:
If, after interviewing, you are sure a job is not for you, it is not necessary to send a thank-you note. Please select the best answer from the choices provided T F.
Answers
It is false that a thank-you note is not necessary to be sent even when one is sure the job is not for you..
Basically, an interview is conducted by the recruiting firm to assess the various skills, behavior of the job applicant.
This thank-you-note is a sign of good gesture and can even influence the employer to consider the job applicant for the applied role.In conclusion, It is false that a thank-you note is not necessary to be sent even when one is sure the job is not for you
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Answer:
f
Explanation:
You are the CEO of your company. The Research and Development Department of your
company has made a significant progress in a new technology. You are considering a pilot
program using this technology to produce a brand-new product. This pilot program will last for
one year and cost £500 million. You believe the pilot program has a 50% chance to succeed
and 50% chance to fail.
If it succeeds, you will invest £3000 million in Year 1 to build up a complete product line, which will generate free cash flows of £400 million in perpetuity beginning in Year 2.
If it fails, you can still build the product line but the expected free cash flows will only be £200 million in perpetuity beginning in Year 2. Alternatively, you do not build the complete product line but sell the technology for £300 million, i.e. giving up the product. The cost of capital is 10%.
Required:
(a)You understand that the pilot program is in fact a real option in this project. Please calculate the value of this real option under the conditions in Part i.
(b )You also consider a plan alternative to that in Part i. In particular, you skip the pilot program and build up the complete product line directly at a cost of £3000 million. Assume that with a 50% chance it will generate free cash flows of £400 million in perpetuity beginning in Year 1 and with a 50% chance it will generate free cash flows of £200 million in perpetuity beginning in Year 1. The cost of capital is 10%. Please calculate the NPV assuming the pilot program is skipped.
Answers
(A) The value of the real option in this project is £786.36 million. (B) If the pilot program is skipped, the NPV of directly building the complete product line is £272.73 million.
(a) To calculate the value of the real option in this project, we can use the option pricing model. The real option here is the choice to invest in building the complete product line if the pilot program succeeds or to sell the technology if the pilot program fails.
The value of the real option can be calculated as the difference between the expected value of investing in the complete product line and the value of selling the technology without investing. Let's break down the calculations:
Expected value if the pilot program succeeds:
Invest £3000 million in Year 1.
Generate free cash flows of £400 million per year in perpetuity starting from Year 2.
Discount the cash flows at the cost of capital (10%).
Calculate the present value of the perpetuity: £400 million / (10% - 0%) = £4,000 million.
Discount the Year 1 investment at the cost of capital: £3000 million / (1 + 10%)^1 = £2727.27 million.
Calculate the expected value: £4,000 million - £2727.27 million = £1272.73 million.
Expected value if the pilot program fails:
Sell the technology for £300 million.
Calculate the expected value: £300 million.
Calculate the overall expected value:
Multiply the expected value of success by the probability of success (50%): £1272.73 million * 50% = £636.36 million.
Multiply the expected value of failure by the probability of failure (50%): £300 million * 50% = £150 million.
Calculate the value of the real option:
Add the expected values together: £636.36 million + £150 million = £786.36 million.
Therefore, the value of the real option in this project is £786.36 million.
(b) If the pilot program is skipped and the complete product line is built directly, the net present value (NPV) can be calculated based on the expected cash flows and the cost of capital.
Expected value if the complete product line generates £400 million per year:
Invest £3000 million in Year 1.
Generate free cash flows of £400 million per year in perpetuity starting from Year 1.
Discount the cash flows at the cost of capital (10%).
Calculate the present value of the perpetuity: £400 million / (10% - 0%) = £4,000 million.
Discount the Year 1 investment at the cost of capital: £3000 million / (1 + 10%)^1 = £2727.27 million.
Calculate the NPV: £4,000 million - £2727.27 million = £1272.73 million.
Expected value if the complete product line generates £200 million per year:
Generate free cash flows of £200 million per year in perpetuity starting from Year 1.
Discount the cash flows at the cost of capital (10%).
Calculate the present value of the perpetuity: £200 million / (10% - 0%) = £2,000 million.
Discount the Year 1 investment at the cost of capital: £3000 million / (1 + 10%)^1 = £2727.27 million.
Calculate the NPV: £2,000 million - £2727.27 million = -£727.27 million.
Calculate the overall NPV:
Multiply the NPV of generating £400 million by the probability of success (50%): £1272.73 million * 50% = £636.36 million.
Multiply the NPV of generating £200 million by the probability of failure (50%): -£727.27 million * 50% = -£363.64 million.
Calculate the total NPV:
Add the NPVs together: £636.36 million + (-£363.64 million) = £272.73 million.
Therefore, if the pilot program is skipped, the NPV of directly building the complete product line is £272.73 million.
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How many milliliters are in 1 quart?
Answers
The old proverb: "Don't put all your eggs in one basket" is synonymous with which of the following?a. an average rate of returnb. predicting value of tangible assetsc. diversified investmentsd. a flexible rate of return
Answers
The old proverb "Don't put all your eggs in one basket" is synonymous with diversified investments. This means that it is important to spread out your investments among different assets and industries to reduce risk and protect your portfolio from potential losses.
By diversifying your investments, you can balance out the risks and potential rewards of different assets and industries. It is also important to note that while diversification does not guarantee profits or prevent losses, it is still an important strategy for managing risk in any investment portfolio. An average rate of return and a flexible rate of return are both related to investment returns, but they are not directly related to the concept of diversification. Similarly, predicting the value of tangible assets is important in asset valuation but not specifically related to diversification.
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Given the following information, prepare the mps using a fixed order quantity (foq) of 90 and calculate the projected available inventory balances. What is the projected available inventory balance at the end of period 3?
Answers
The projected available inventory balance at the end of period 3 is 120 units.
To prepare the MPS (Master Production Schedule) using a fixed order quantity (FOQ) of 90, we need to first determine the net requirements and planned order releases for each period. The net requirements are the difference between the gross requirements and the projected available inventory balance from the previous period.
Assuming the following information: Period 1: Gross requirements = 150. Period 2: Gross requirements = 200. Period 3: Gross requirements = 100. Projected available inventory balance at the end of period 0 = 100
Using FOQ of 90, we can calculate the planned order releases as follows: Period 1: Planned order release = 180 (90*2) Projected available inventory balance at the end of period 1 = 130 (100+180-150)
Period 2: Planned order release = 210 (90*2+30)
Projected available inventory balance at the end of period 2 = 120 (130+210-200). Period 3: Planned order release = 90 (90*1). Projected available inventory balance at the end of period 3 = 120 (120+90-100)
There will be enough inventory to meet the demand for period 3, and the company can plan to order more inventory for the next period. Using FOQ helps to ensure that the company maintains a consistent inventory level and avoids stockouts or overstocking.
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Firms measure the success of a new product by its sales ________, customer acceptance and its satisfaction of the firms financial requirements
Answers
Firms measure the success of a new product by its sales performance, customer acceptance and its satisfaction of the firms financial requirements
When a firm launches a new product, it is important to measure its success to determine if the investment made in the product was worthwhile.
There are several metrics that a firm can use to measure the success of a new product, and these metrics are typically related to the product's sales performance, customer acceptance, and financial performance.
Sales performance is an important metric for measuring the success of a new product. Firms can evaluate the sales figures of the new product and compare them to the forecasted sales figures to determine if the product is meeting its sales targets.
Customer acceptance is another important metric that firms use to measure the success of a new product. Firms can gather customer feedback through surveys and other methods to evaluate if customers are satisfied with the new product.
Finally, a firm's financial requirements are also an important consideration when measuring the success of a new product. Firms need to ensure that the product is generating enough revenue and profits to cover the costs of development and production, and to provide a return on investment.
By evaluating these metrics, firms can determine if a new product is successful and decide if further investment in the product is warranted.
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Tara is interested in designing automated systems for a supply chain. which type of degree would she most likely need? select an answer: mechanical engineering packaging engineering computer science industrial engineering
Answers
Tara is interested in designing automated systems for a supply chain the type of degree would she most likely need is mechanical engineering.
What is mechanical engineering?Mechanical engineering is a branch of science that combines other Science subject such as physics and mathematics to manufacture important mechanical systems and product.
Therefore, Tara is interested in designing automated systems for a supply chain the type of degree would she most likely need is mechanical engineering.
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find the square root of 31-4√21
Answers
Explanation:
3x+4=-2 hope that helps.
Which aspect of Darron's career matches his lifestyle but is also in conflict with some of his desires? busyness while at work earning money frequent travel strong competition
Answers
Answer:
frequent travel
Explanation:
Since in the question it is mentioned that Darron loves his carrier as it fits with his lifestyle. He knows how to make a money and how to keep busy also he loves travelling plus he wish that he could spend more time with his family members
So here the frequent travel fits in the given situation as he loves travelling so he travel frequently
Therefore the same is considered
Answer:
its travel
Explanation:
Jamie is researching places to live after graduating college he asked you I keep coming across as phrase cost-of-living I’ve never heard of it before do you know what it means which of the following definitions would you choose to explain to Jamie about cost-of-living means
Answers
Answer:
The cost of living refers to the prices of goods and services needed to sustain an average level standard of living in an area
Explanation:
The cost of living refers to the cost of keeping up with a given standard of living. It is the amount Jamie would need to keep up with basic expenses such as food, housing, clothing and medical care. Cost of living compares the expense between living in two different areas. Jamie's cost of living is tied to his wages and it can be measured using what is called purchasing power parity.
Mergers and acquisitions take longer to execute than a greenfield investment. The process of exporting grants a foreign entity the right to produce and sell a firm's product. The attractiveness of exporting is reduced when a product can easily be produced in almost any location.A. True
B. False
Answers
The answer is The statement is B. False. Mergers and acquisitions take longer to execute than a greenfield investment. The process of exporting grants a foreign entity the right to produce and sell a firm's product. The attractiveness of exporting is reduced when a product can easily be produced in almost any location is false.
What is investing, and what does it do?Investing is a successful approach to use your money and possibly increase your fortune. Your money may grow in value and outpace inflation with wise investing. The power of compounding and the risk-return trade-off are responsible for investing's higher growth potential.
How are investments made?Purchasing financial assets with a growth in value, such as stocks, bonds, or shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or mutual funds, is referred to as investing. The value of investments is not always guaranteed to hold or grow.
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How can you reduce the chances of tractor runovers and collisions?
Answers
Make yourself as visible as possible on the road by using flashing lights and reflecting surfaces. The farther away a driver can see you, the better; drivers sometimes underestimate how slowly a tractor travels compared to them.
Whenever possible, hug the side of the road. gives impatient or delayed responders extra room to avoid a collision with you.
When a driver makes a mistake or isn't paying enough attention, this is what happens. Fortunately, no one was seriously hurt in this incident.
Without proper training, highly monitored operation, and ongoing supervision, we won't allow anyone to operate a tractor.
Inexperienced drivers are typically to blame for tractor safety problems. More and more individuals are relocating to rural areas from the suburbs. They purchase a few acres of rural property, and one of the first things they do is buy a tractor. Then they drive it like a Suburu for commuting, purchase the incorrect tools, use the incorrect gear, etc.
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100 points
Which option might indicate legal intrusion by a computer professional?
I will give Brainley
Brad is a senior business analyst in a software development firm. In addition to his official photocopies, he (A. generates a couple of personal photocopies) for his brother Brian. At times, (B. Brad also sends out unwarranted emails) to his close colleagues. (C. He uses the Internet during work hours for entertainment purposes.) During work hours for entertainment purposes. (D. Once, while preparing for a client presentation, he accessed client records for which he did not have authorization.)
Answers
Answer:D
Explanation:
I took the test
Answer:D
Explanation: i just got done with the test and got 100
When Southwest Airlines created their low price strategy they were innovating around what? Circumstance Constraints Criteria Context
Answers
When Southwest Airlines created their low-price strategy, they were innovating around several factors, including circumstances, constraints, criteria, and context.
Circumstances: Southwest Airlines recognized the circumstances in the airline industry, such as high operating costs, intense competition, and price-sensitive customers. They understood that there was a need for a different approach to stand out in the market.
Constraints: Southwest Airlines faced various constraints, such as limited resources, budget constraints, and the need to maintain profitability. They had to find innovative ways to reduce costs and offer affordable fares while still delivering a high level of service.
Criteria: Southwest Airlines set specific criteria for their low-price strategy. They aimed to offer fares that were significantly lower than those of their competitors while ensuring profitability and maintaining customer satisfaction.
Context: Southwest Airlines considered the overall context of the industry, market trends, and customer preferences. They identified the growing demand for affordable air travel and saw an opportunity to differentiate themselves by providing low-cost options.
By innovating around these elements - circumstances, constraints, criteria, and context - Southwest Airlines developed a low-price strategy that revolutionized the airline industry and became a key factor in their success.
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Which of these is considered the highest level of management?
A. Supervisor
B. Team member
C. Executive
D. Middle manager
Answers
C. The Executive. Hope that helps...
The Executive is considered the highest level of management. Option C is correct.
What is the management?Management may be described as the process of completing the job or activity necessary to achieve an organization's goals in an efficient and effective manner.
The process implies the management functions. This includes organizing, planning, staffing, directing, and controlling. A manager's responsibility is to offer common guidance and direction to individual efforts to achieve organizational goals.
Management contributes to increased corporate efficiency by increasing productivity via effective planning, organizing, controlling, and directing.
Therefore, option A is correct that The Executive is the most senior level of management.
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The secretion of PYY _________ hunger and the secretion of orexin ________ hunger.
a. increases; decreases
b. decreases; increases
c. increases; increases
d. decreases; decreases
Answers
The secretion of PYY decreases hunger and the secretion of orexin increases hunger.
The role of the hypothalamus in preserving homeostasis and influencing motivated actions has long been acknowledged. The lateral hypothalamic area, a section of the hypothalamus, is covered in this article (LHA).
It is hypothesised that brain regions located within the LHA, such as the perifornical area (PeF) and the dorsal portion of the lateral hypothalamus (LHAd), serve as a bridge between neuronal systems that control homeostasis and those that mediate appetitively motivated actions.
According to functional and immunohistochemical data, the LHA encourages a variety of motivated behaviours, such as eating, drinking, consuming salt, and engaging in sexual activity.
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The discount on a zero-interest-bearing note is amortized to interest expense only in the period the note is issued.
a. true
b. false
Answers
The discount on a zero-interest-bearing note is amortized to interest expense only in the period the note is issued. The statement is false.
The discount on a zero-interest-bearing note is not amortized to interest expense only in the period the note is issued. In fact, the discount on such a note is amortized over the life of the note.
A zero-interest-bearing note is a type of note or bond that does not pay any periodic interest to the holder. Instead, it is issued at a discount, meaning it is sold for less than its face value. The discount represents the difference between the face value of the note and its selling price.
To account for the discount on the zero-interest-bearing note, the issuer must amortize the discount over the life of the note. This means that a portion of the discount is recognized as interest expense in each period until the note reaches its maturity. The amortization process allows the issuer to allocate the discount over time, reflecting the accrual of interest expense over the life of the note.
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Why should a society be careful in using its natural resources
Answers
Answer:
... because natural resources are limited in quantity, and once they are depleted, they are gone forever.
Explanation:
according to the textbook, the unique value provided by business angels is they ________.
Answers
According to the textbook, the unique value provided by business angels is they bring more than just funding to the table.
Business angels are experienced entrepreneurs or executives who have gone through the process of starting and running a successful business themselves. Therefore, they have the expertise and knowledge that can be extremely valuable to a startup or early-stage company. They provide mentorship, guidance, and strategic advice to help the business grow and thrive. Moreover, business angels often have vast networks of contacts and can introduce the company to potential customers, partners, or investors.
They also help the entrepreneur make important business decisions, negotiate deals, and navigate complex regulatory environments. Thus, the value of business angels goes beyond just financial backing, and they are a critical resource for startups looking to succeed in today's competitive market.
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The title to an automobile or the deed to a cattle ranch assures a buyer that the seller is the legitimate owner of that property. This is an example of property rights _________.
Answers
The above is an example of property rights facilitating exchange.
What is property right?This refers to the legal right to own a property whether or not they are tangible or intangible.
Property rights enables one to do the following:
A person has the authority to own a property.The property can be used within the law as he deemed fit.Receive any income that the property generates.Hence, the above is an example of property rights facilitating exchange.
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If you are interviewed by more than one person, you should send a thank-you note to _____.
each person in the interview
each person you see in the building
the first person you are introduced to
the person who is obviously leading the interview
Answers
Answer:
option A is correct.
i.e.
each person in the interview.
Explanation:
Because thank-you letter provides a simple but effective way to express gratitude to all the individuals you met with.
Which formula is a complex formula?
=10-(A3-D13)
=10-(A3-D13)
=5+A1*B1
=5+A1*B1
=D6/E10
=D6/E10
=C3+10+E3
Answers
The option that is a complex formula is B. = 5 + A1 * B1.
What are complex formulas on spreadsheets?Spreadsheets allow us to record data and perform advanced calculations that allow us to interpret the data recorded and make decisions off of that data.
To do this, spreadsheets use formulas. Some of those formulas are simple and others are complex. The formulas that are considered to be complex will be those that have more than one mathematical operation. This means that a single formula will have addition, and subtraction, or some other operation.
=5+A1*B1 has both addition and multiplication and so is a complex formula.
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what's the difference between "AVERAGE REVENUE" to "MARGINAL AVENUE"?.
Answers
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
Average revenue refers to the revenue per output. It is the revenue that a business expects to make from the sale of any item. Average revenue is calculated by dividing the total revenue by the total output.
i.e., Average revenue (AR) = Total revenue (TR) / total output (Q).
Marginal revenue is the revenue generated from the sale of an extra unit. It is the revenue attributed to one more output. It is illustrated by a change in total revenue when one more unit is sold.
the securities act of 1933 requires that all of the following be offered by a prospectus except a) unit investment trusts. b) variable annuities. c) treasury bonds. d) mutual fund shares.
Answers
The Securities Act of 1933 requires that all of the following be offered by a prospectus, except for treasury bonds.
The act mandates that unit investment trusts, variable annuities, and mutual fund shares must all have a prospectus. After the 1929 stock market disaster, the Securities Act of 1933 was developed and enacted into law as a means of protecting investors.
The Act had two major objectives: to create regulations against deception and fraudulent activity in the securities markets; and to promote more transparency in financial statements so investors could make educated investment decisions.
The first significant piece of law governing the sale of securities was the Securities Act of 1933. Prior to this act, state laws generally controlled the selling of securities. By mandating businesses to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Act addressed the demand for more disclosure. A prospectus and registration guarantee that businesses give the SEC and prospective investors all pertinent information.
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