QUESTION 3 (10 Marks)
The Assistant Manager of Ridley Corporation is seeking your advice as the accountant, in dealing with the accounting changes in the company for the year 2020. Prepare a report, indicating the appropriate accounting treatment for the following situations. In your report, indicate the type of accounting change (change in accounting policy or change in estimate) or correction of error and the appropriate accounting treatment (retrospective or prospective).
1.It was found in May 2020 that warranty claims for 2019 sales have increased because of a defective component used in manufacturing. The extra costs amounted to $200,000 in excess of the 2019 warranty accrual. (2 marks)
2. In 2020, the company examined its entire policy relating to the depreciation of plant equipment. Plant equipment had normally been depreciated over a 15-year period, but recent experience has indicated that the company was using too short a period in its estimates and that the assets should be depreciated over a 20-year period. (2 marks)
3.For the company’s defined benefit pension plan, the actuary’s report revealed that employees will live until 85 years of age, three years longer than previously expected. (2 marks)
4.In 2020, the company decided to change its method of inventory pricing from average- cost to the FIFO method. The effect of this change on prior years is to increase 2018 income by $65,000 and increase 2019 income by $20,000. (2 marks)
5.One division of Ridley Corp., has consistently shown an increasing net income from period to period. On closer examination of its operating statement, it is noted that bad debt expense and inventory obsolescence charges are much lower than in other divisions. In discussing this with the controller of this division, it has been learned that the controller has increased his net income each period by knowingly making low estimates related to the write-off of receivables and inventory. (2 marks)
Answers
To the Assistant Manager of Ridley Corporation,
In response to your request for advice on the appropriate accounting treatment for the following situations in 2020, here are my recommendations:
1. Change in estimate: Since the increase in warranty claims for 2019 sales is due to a defective component used in manufacturing, this is considered a change in estimate. The appropriate accounting treatment is prospective, meaning that the extra costs of $200,000 should be accrued for the remaining warranty period in 2020 and beyond.
2. Change in accounting policy: The examination of the company's policy relating to the depreciation of plant equipment has revealed that a change in accounting policy is necessary. Since the assets should be depreciated over a longer period of 20 years instead of the previous 15-year period, the appropriate accounting treatment is retrospective. This means that the depreciation expense for 2020 should be adjusted to reflect the new depreciation period, and prior years' financial statements should also be restated to reflect the change.
3. Change in estimate: The actuary's report on the defined benefit pension plan reveals a change in estimate. Since the employees are expected to live three years longer than previously anticipated, the appropriate accounting treatment is prospective. This means that the pension expense should be adjusted to reflect the longer life expectancy in 2020 and beyond.
4. Change in accounting policy: The company's decision to change its method of inventory pricing from average-cost to FIFO is a change in accounting policy. The appropriate accounting treatment is retrospective, meaning that the financial statements for prior years should be restated to reflect the new inventory pricing method. This will result in an increase in income of $65,000 for 2018 and $20,000 for 2019.
5. Correction of error: The controller of the division knowingly making low estimates related to the write-off of receivables and inventory is a correction of error. The appropriate accounting treatment is retrospective. The financial statements for the prior periods affected by the controller's actions should be restated to reflect the corrected amounts of bad debt expense and inventory obsolescence charges.
I hope this information is helpful to you. If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely,
[Your Name]
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Related Questions
Under Title IV of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
the Catholic Church is required to ordain women for the priesthood.
True
False
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1986
only protects men and women over age 65 against discrimination b ecause of their age in hiring or promotion.
True
False
In the case Christopher v. Smithkline Beecham Corporation, in which an employee sued for overtime under the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Supreme Court concluded:
A. Christopher was an independent contractor.
B. Christopher was discriminated against because of his age.
C. Not all salespeople actually sell products.
D. The FLSA does not apply to the pharmaceutical industry.
Among other things, the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 regulates minimum wage hours worked and overtime, employees
Answers
It should be noted that under Title IV of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the Catholic Church is not required to ordain women for the priesthood. Therefore, it's false.
What Is Age Discrimination In Employment Act?The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1986 doesn't only protect men and women over age 65 against discrimination. It protects people who are 40 years and older.
In the case of Christopher v. Smithkline Beecham Corporation, the Supreme Court concluded that the FLSA does not apply to the pharmaceutical industry.
Lastly, the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 regulates minimum wage hours worked.
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Product costs are expensed when they are incurred. This statement is.
Answers
The statement that product costs are expensed when they are incurred is False.
What are product costs?
In managerial accounting, product cost is any expense associated with the creation of a product, whether direct or indirect.
The expenses of product costs are:
Direct materials,Direct labor, and Manufacturing overhead.These costs are not expensed till the product is completely sold, then they are displayed on the income statement as the cost of goods sold.
Therefore, we can conclude that product costs are expensed when inventory is sold to customers.
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following data:
Fixed overheads: £40,000
Selling price: £6
Variable cost per unit: £4
If the selling price is increased by 50% then the break-even level would
now be: *
(1 Point)
8,000 units
20.000 units
O 10,000 units
0 12500 units
Answers
Answer:
If the selling price is increased by 50% then the break-even level would now be 8,000 units.
Explanation:
The following are given in the question:
Fixed overheads = £40,000
Initial selling price = $6
Variable cost per unit = £4
Percentage increase in selling price = 50%
Therefore, we have:
New selling price = Initial selling price * (100% + Percentage increase in selling price) = £6 * (100% + 50%) = £9
New contribution margin per unit = New selling price - Variable cost per unit = £9 - £4 = £5
New break-even level = Fixed overheads / New contribution margin per unit = £40,000 / £5 = 8,000 units
Therefore, if the selling price is increased by 50% then the break-even level would now be 8,000 units.
In the national income accounts, the purchases of durables, nondurables, and services by households are classified as?
Answers
In the national income accounts, the purchases of durables, nondurables, and services by households are classified as government purchases.
A group of people who make up the governmental authority of a political entity or organization such as: a: Officials who form the governing body of a political entity and form the organization as an operating body. The government was slow to respond to the crisis.
Your government is the system of people, laws and officials that define and control the country in which you live. For example, the US government is a representative democracy with three branches of her.
Political system governing and regulating enterprises. Different levels of government usually have different responsibilities. The closest level to government is the local government. Municipalities are made up of groups of individual municipalities.
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What are the major provisions of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act? Respond in 3-4 sentences.
Also research what creditors look for? Explain in detail
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The major provisions of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act are that it is against the established law for any creditor to differentiate against any applicant, based on certain characteristics such as race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age
It is also considered illegal for any creditors to ask questions such as "their marital status or if they have the intention to have children.
Also, the usual practice is to inform any applicants of the status of their credit application, whether it is granted or otherwise within 30 days of application.
Generally, creditors look for information that may suggest that the applicants can easily repay their loan or credit facilities. Such as your income level, and age.
How does decreasing your credit card balance affect your income statement? (1 point)
It increases your monthly expenses, increasing the amount you spend each month.
It increases your monthly expenses, giving you more money to spend on other things.
It decreases your monthly expenses, increasing the amount you spend each month.
It decreases your monthly expenses, giving you more money to spend on other things.
Answers
The way in which decreasing your credit card balance would affect your income statement is that: D. It decreases your monthly expenses, giving you more money to spend on other things.
What is a credit card?A credit card simply refers to a small, rectangular flat card that is issued by a financial institution to its eligible customers, in order to avail them an opportunity to purchase goods and services on credit, especially based on the agreement that this amount of money would be paid back at a specific time and interest rate.
Generally speaking, a credit card balance can be defined as the total amount of money that an individual owe his or her credit card company. This ultimately implies that, a decrease in credit card balance would cause a decrease in monthly expenses, which avails the credit card holder more money to spend on other things.
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Answer: 1. a loan from one entity electronically matched to another entity without a financial institution in the middle
2. a payday loan
3. an unsecured installment loan
4. It decreases your monthly expenses, giving you more money to spend on other things.
5. Determine or estimate the current value of everything you own.
6. Their ability to repay a loan
7. your prior record of paying your bills and paying off your debts
8. your age and gender
9. You can request one online or over the phone.
10. He should contact the credit bureau that issued the credit report, the companies that issued the seven fraudulent cards, his local police, and the federal government at identitytheft.gov.
11. -the lender that provided the incorrect information
-the credit bureau that prepared the report
12. right away
13. She won a $20 billion settlement for California homeowners whose homes were inappropriately foreclosed on.
14. The longer the term, the more you will pay in interest.
15. It will cost you less money overall.
16. A store credit card generally comes with a higher interest rate.
17. You will save money if you pay the balance off quickly.
18. -Clarifying the confusing language found on credit card applications.
-Forcing lending companies to disclose interest rates and hidden fees.
19. It banned credit card companies from raising interest rates after missed payments.
20. -a fixed annual charge for the use of a credit card
-a charge if the minimum payment is not paid by the due date
21. paying off the balance before interest can accrue
22. $30
23. Determine which card has the higher interest rate and pay the extra money to that card first.
Explanation: All these answers are correct!
Operating activities in the cash flow statement reflect the inflow and outflow of cash from ___ assets and liabilities. Investing activities recognize the buying and selling of ___
assets.
1. a. tangible b. current c. intangible
2.a. intangible b. current c. fixed
Answers
Answer:
1. Current.
2. Fixed.
Explanation:
A financial statement can be defined as a written report used by financial experts or accountants to quantitatively describes the financial health of a company. Under the financial statements is a cash-flow statement, which is used to record the cash inflow and cash equivalents leaving a business firm.
Cash flow statement, also known as the statement of cash flows, contains financial information about operating, financial and investing activities.
Operating activities in the cash flow statement reflect the inflow and outflow of cash from current assets and liabilities. Thus, all the net income or cash from all operational business activities of a company is recorded as operating activities. Some examples of operating activities are cash paid as an expense for merchandise, cash revenue generated from the sales of finished goods etc.
Investing activities recognize the buying and selling of fixed assets.
Generally, investing activities comprises of purchasing fixed or physical assets, investing in securities and the sale of assets or securities associated with the company.
Question 9 of 10
What is one strategy that can help a borrower reduce the cost of a loan?
A. The borrower can choose a loan with a simple rather than a
compound interest rate.
B. The borrower can choose a credit card with a low minimum
monthly payment.
C. The borrower can choose a credit card with a high minimum
monthly payment.
D. The borrower can choose a loan with a compound rather than a
simple interest rate.
Answers
The borrower can apply the strategy of choosing a loan with a compound interest rate rather than a simple interest rate to reduce the cost of the loan. The correct option here is d.
What is compound interest?Compound interest is the interest which we earn on our own. With a savings account that earns compound interest, we earn interest on the initial principal plus the interest that accumulates over time.
When we add money to a savings account or a similar account we receive interest based on the amount that we have deposited. Therefore the effect which we will have on our savings can be dramatic.
With the initial years of savings, we may feel like we are earning only a modest amount of interest but with each passing year, our compounding interest grows exponentially. Until it exceeds our principal amount and is responsible for most of the growth in our account.
So compound interest can turn a small investment into a huge wealth over time.
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what are the major roles in emergency management and the responsibilities of each? how might that differ depending on type or size of the organization?
Answers
In order to reduce risk to persons and property, hazards should be assessed and strategies for responding to crises and disasters should be made. Discuss emergency response strategies with government representatives, business representatives, and the general population.
What functions do emergency responders have?Notifying the Incident Commander or Supervisory Staff about the incident.
letting staff know about any potential danger and/or starting the evacuation process.
Remove any sources that could ignite.
What are the five emergency management phases?Mitigation.
Preparedness.
Response.
Recovery.
What part does emergency management play in situations involving public health?Mitigation actions can be carried out before, during, or after an occurrence, and they are focused on lowering risk and hazard losses as well as managing predicted damage. The word "mitigation" isn't often used while discussing public health or PHEM.
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What forms can firms take?
Answers
Answer:
sole proprietorship
partnership
corporation
limited liability company
There are acts in a talent show.
a comedian, a dancer, a guitarist, a juggler, a pianist, a singer, a violinist, and a whistler.
a talent show host randomly schedules the acts.
compute the probability of each of the following events.
event a: the first four acts are the guitarist, the singer, the dancer, and the pianist, in any order.
event b: the juggler is first, the dancer is second, the guitarist is third, and the pianist is fourth.
write your answers as fractions in simplest form.
Answers
So the probability of the juggler being first, the dancer being second, the guitarist being third, and the pianist being fourth, is 21/5040. To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for probability:
Probability = number of favorable outcomes / total number of possible outcomes
For event a, we need to find the number of ways to arrange the guitarist, singer, dancer, and pianist in any order in the first four acts. This can be calculated using the permutation formula:
nPr = n! / (n-r)!
where n is the total number of items and r is the number of items selected.
In this case, n = 4 and r = 4, so we have:
4P4 = 4! / (4-4)! = 4! / 0! = 24
There are 24 ways to arrange the first four acts with the guitarist, singer, dancer, and pianist in any order.
The total number of possible ways to schedule the acts is the same as the number of permutations of all 9 acts, which is:
9P9 = 9! / (9-9)! = 9! / 0! = 362880
Therefore, the probability of event a is:
Probability of event a = number of favorable outcomes / total number of possible outcomes
Probability of event a = 24 / 362880
Probability of event a = 1 / 15120
So the probability of the first four acts being the guitarist, singer, dancer, and pianist, in any order, is 1/15120.
For event b, we need to find the number of ways to arrange the acts in the order juggler, dancer, guitarist, and pianist. This can be calculated using the permutation formula again:
nPr = n! / (n-r)!
where n = 9 and r = 4, since we are selecting 4 acts to arrange in a specific order.
In this case, n = 9 and r = 4, so we have:
9P4 = 9! / (9-4)! = 9! / 5! = 1512
There are 1512 ways to arrange the acts in the order juggler, dancer, guitarist, and pianist.
Again, the total number of possible ways to schedule the acts is 362880.
Therefore, the probability of event b is:
Probability of event b = number of favorable outcomes / total number of possible outcomes
Probability of event b = 1512 / 362880
Probability of event b = 21 / 5040
So the probability of the juggler being first, the dancer being second, the guitarist being third, and the pianist being fourth, is 21/5040.
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Which of the following is an example of a soft skill?
O A. Ability to use CSS spreadsheets
B. Ability to manage spreadsheets
C. Ability to work well with a project team
D. Ability to manipulate images using computer software
Answers
The ability to work well with project teamwork of the following is an example of a soft skill. The correct option is C.
Soft skills are character traits that help people interact with others positively and successfully. They are immaterial and typically do not pertain to a particular profession or sector of the economy. Soft skills examples include emotional intelligence, teamwork, problem-solving, flexibility, leadership, and communication.
The traits and aptitudes that enable you to work successfully with others during discussions, projects, meetings, or other collaborations are known as teamwork skills. Your capacity for effective communication, attentive listening, responsibility, and honesty are all necessary for teamwork.
Thus, the ideal selection is option C.
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What should be the role of government in relation to business and industry?.
Answers
The role of government in relation to business and industry is that the government attempts to shape business practices through both, directly and indirectly, implementing rules and regulations.
The government most often directly influences organizations by establishing regulations, laws, and rules that dictate what organizations can and cannot do. The government also plays an important role in a business that includes protecting the consumer or customer. Most businesses need to register with a state government to operate. Corporations need a charter and other forms of businesses, such as limited liability companies or partnerships, need other forms of registration. Government policy can influence interest rates, a rise in which increased the borrowing cost.
The government can be a friend of business, providing it with financial, advisory, and other services.
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The main reason Keynes thinks deflation (falling wages and prices) does not promote a recovery from a deep slump is: A. A fall in wages and prices leads to a decline in the real value of money and raises interest rates. B. A fall in prices and wages leads to a decrease in lending and a decline in the supply of money. C. A fall in prices and wages reduces consumption and investment spending by increasing the debt burdens of households and businesses. D. A fall in prices and wages reduces interest rates and decreases the incentive to save and invest. E. A fall in prices and wages intensifies business competition and lowers profits.
Answers
The correct answer is C. A fall in prices and wages reduces consumption and investment spending by increasing the debt burdens of households and businesses.
According to Keynes, deflation (falling wages and prices) does not promote a recovery from a deep slump because it leads to a reduction in consumption and investment spending. When prices and wages fall, the debt burdens of households and businesses increase in real terms. This means that the amount of debt they owe remains the same, but their income and assets decrease due to falling prices and wages. As a result, individuals and businesses have less disposable income and are less likely to engage in spending and investment.
When debt burdens increase, households and businesses tend to prioritize debt repayment and savings over spending and investment. This reduction in consumption and investment further dampens economic activity, leading to a prolonged slump. Keynes argued that during times of economic downturns, it is important to stimulate demand through government intervention and monetary policies to counteract the negative effects of deflation.
In summary, Keynes believed that the decline in consumption and investment spending caused by increased debt burdens as a result of falling prices and wages is a key reason why deflation does not promote economic recovery during a deep slump.
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The trait that distinguishes auditors from accountants is the:
a. auditor's ability to interpret accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
b. auditor's education beyond the Bachelor's degree.
c. auditor's ability to interpret FASB statements.
d. auditor's accumulation and interpretation of evidence related to a company's financial statements.
Answers
The trait that distinguishes auditors from accountants is the d. auditor's accumulation and interpretation of evidence related to a company's financial statements.
While both auditors and accountants may have the ability to interpret accounting principles and FASB statements, and may have education beyond a Bachelor's degree, the key difference between the two is the role they play in relation to a company's financial statements. Accountants are responsible for preparing and maintaining a company's financial statements, while auditors are responsible for accumulating and interpreting evidence related to those financial statements in order to provide an independent opinion on their accuracy and completeness. This is a crucial role in ensuring that a company's financial statements accurately reflect its financial position and performance.
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What is service enterprise
Answers
Every Saturday, Martin and hundreds of other shoppers visit Home Pro, a home improvement supply store, to buy supplies for their home improvement projects. These shoppers are ________ of Home Pro.
Answers
The shoppers that are illustrated in this scenario are simply the customers of Home Pro.
Who is a customer?A customer simply means a person that purchases a good or service from a business.
In this case, Martin and hundreds of other shoppers visit Home Pro, a home improvement supply store, to buy supplies for their home improvement projects.
Therefore, these shoppers are the customers of Home Pro.
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Standard costs should be developed by: Group of answer choices The CEO The most experienced managerial accountant at the company a democratic vote of all company employees a cross-functional team of all persons who have knowledge regarding a company's costs and production processes
Answers
Answer:
The most experienced managerial accountant at the company
Explanation:
In simple words, By historical experience or industrial guidelines, a standard cost can be calculated. To calculate its performance, the organisation will then evaluate the typical costs versus the real performance. There is a disparity often when measuring standard costs to real outcomes. Thus, the most experiences person in accounting should compute it.
A ________ structure groups together people with similar skills who perform similar tasks, such as marketing, accounting, production, and engineering
Answers
A functional structure groups together people with similar skills who perform similar tasks, such as marketing, accounting, production, and engineering.
In a functional structure, employees are typically organized into departments or divisions based on their areas of expertise or functions they perform within the organization.
Each department is responsible for carrying out specific tasks related to its functional area, and there is usually a hierarchical reporting structure within each department. This type of organizational structure allows for specialization and efficiency within each functional area.
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An applicants medical information receives from the medical informatuon bureau may be furnished to who?
Answers
Uinn signs a check "pay to the order of Ronda" drawn on Quinnâs account in Suburban Bank. Quinn has $400 in his account but the amount of the check is $500, which the bank pays. This is
a, a stale check
b, a dishonored check
c, an overdraft
d, a postdated check
Answers
This is an overdraft. An overdraft is a cheque that is paid by a bank when the checking account on which it is written does not have enough money to cover it.
What is meant by overdraft check?When you don't have enough funds in your account to cover a transaction but the bank nonetheless honors it, you have an overdraft. There could be a "overdraft" fee assessed if it pays even though you don't have the funds in your account. You may be assessed a "bounced-check" or "nonsufficient funds" fee if your bank returns your check without clearing it. When a transaction brings your account balance below zero and you are unable to cover the transaction with available money, overdraft fees apply. No matter how much money is transacted, your bank or credit union will normally impose a fee that is a fixed sum. Deposits into your account are used to cover the overdraft, such as when your salary is received.To learn more about overdraft check refer to:
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Paragraph Writing of 50words
- define the term economic goods
- state two examples
- describe two features of economic goods
Answers
Answer:
I am Kajal I am follow you
Explanation:
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Is a travel agent a part of the primary, secondary or tertiary sector?
Answers
a travel agent is a secondary sector
the real estate commission will not issue a temporary hardship employing broker license to:
Answers
The real estate commission will not issue a temporary hardship employing broker license to individuals who do not meet the specific requirements and qualifications set forth by the commission.
Additionally, those who have had their real estate license revoked, suspended, or are currently under investigation may also be denied a temporary hardship license. The commission may also consider factors such as criminal history, professional misconduct, and other relevant information in their decision-making process. Ultimately, the commission's goal is to protect the public and ensure that only qualified and trustworthy individuals are licensed to operate as employing brokers in the real estate industry.
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Keith was put on probation for a string of customer complaints about his poor service and professionalism. his supervisor was using ________ power.
Answers
Answer: Coercive power
Neolithic people practiced metallurgy.
How did the advancement in technology. Benefit. Early humans
Answers
Answer:
the answer is D
Explanation:
Answer:
D. Metal was used to make stronger items that lasted longer
Explanation:
Did it on Edg.2020
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At what stage of the target market selection process is the marketer first likely to uncover information that makes a segment less attractive than previously thought?.
Answers
The stage of the target market selection process is the marketer is first likely to uncover information that makes a segment less attractive than previously thought developed market segment profiles.
The target market starts with segmentation. If you can understand your customers and segment your market, you can identify your target market with the greatest potential. There is a process of segmenting the market and selecting and targeting target segments.
In the fourth step, the segment profile is evaluated. Before choosing the best market segment, you need to assess the attractiveness of each market segment. Various structural and financial factors play a role in determining the attractiveness of market segments.
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Greg puts $10,000 into an equity indexed annuity which allows compounding on gains within the annuity. The product has a minimum guaranteed return of 3% annually. Greg's participation rate is 90% of the S&P 500 index in years exceeding the minimum guaranteed return. There is also a cap of 10% on gains. After 3 years and with no fees taken into consideration, Greg is trying to figure out the value of his equity indexed annuity. Returns were as follows:
Year 1 - 12.5%
Year 2 - -4.0%
Year 3 - 5%
With these returns, Greg should find that the balance of his annuity is approximately which of the following after year 3?
[A] $11,750
[B] $11,840
[C] $12,032
[D] $12,167
Answers
Answer:
[B] $11,840
Explanation:
Given that the $10,000 is put in the equity
Now for the year 1 the return is 12.5% so its 90% would be 11.25 % that exceeds from 10% cap
In year 2, the returns shows in negative so here the minimum return is 3%
And, in year 3, the return is 5% and its 90% is 4.5% that is below from 10% cap
Now
For year 1
The balance would be
= $10,000 × 1.10
= $11,000
In year 2
= $10,000 × 1.03
= $11,330
And, in year 3
= $11,330 × 1.045
= $11,840
Hence, the correct option is B. $11,840
The practice of focusing on the identification and recruitment of those with a social media following to advocate for a company's product is known as ________ marketing.
Answers
Influencer marketing mainly focuses on the identification and recruitment of those with a social media following to advocate for a company's product.
Influencer marketing is a type of marketing that relies on key leaders to spread your brand's message to a larger audience. Instead of marketing directly to a large group of consumers, you inspire, hire, or pay influencers to spread the word for you.
Influencer marketing is frequently used in conjunction with two other types of marketing: social media marketing and content marketing. Influencers are expected to spread the word via their personal social channels. Many influencer campaigns include a content component in which you either create content for the influencers or create content for themselves.
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The US Supreme Court did what in Piscataway Board of Education v. Taxman, 521 U.S. 1117, 117 S.Ct. 2506 (1997)?
Answers
Answer:
The case was never heard in the United States Supreme Court.
Explanation:
The board of education of Piscataway High School, New Jersey desired to remove one teaching position from the Business Education department. A hindrance to this was the fact that the two teachers being considered had indefinite appointments, and were equal in seniority. According to the state law, tenured teachers can be relieved of their duties in reverse order of seniority. Either Sharon Taxman, a white teacher, or Debra Williams an African-American teacher were to be relieved of their positions.
Taxman was chosen because African-Americans were a minority. Taxman contested this in the court. The case was never heard at the U.S Supreme court because some civil rights group wanted the case to be settled out of court. The United States Court of Appeal ruled in favor of Taxman.