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In Europe and the US in the 19th century, proposed causes of mental illness fell into two categories: somatogenic and psychogenic.

As per the question given,  

The somatogenic theory of mental illness proposed that mental illnesses were caused by physical factors, such as brain damage, infections, or chemical imbalances in the body. This theory was supported by the development of new technologies that allowed scientists to study the brain and nervous system, such as the microscope and the electroencephalogram (EEG). The somatogenic theory led to the development of physical treatments for mental illness, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), insulin shock therapy, and psychosurgery.

The psychogenic theory of mental illness, on the other hand, proposed that mental illnesses were caused by psychological or emotional factors, such as childhood trauma, stress, or faulty learning. This theory was supported by the work of early psychologists, such as Sigmund Freud, who developed theories of the unconscious mind and psychoanalysis. The psychogenic theory led to the development of psychotherapy and other forms of talk therapy as treatments for mental illness.

While these two theories were often presented as opposing views, they were not necessarily mutually exclusive, and many mental health professionals today recognize that mental illness can have both physical and psychological causes. Modern treatments for mental illness often combine both approaches, using medication and other physical interventions to address underlying physical causes of mental illness, and psychotherapy to address psychological and emotional factors.

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The largest criminal fine in history was imposed on the pharmaceutical company Pfizer Inc. in 2009.

Pfizer agreed to pay $2.3 billion in criminal and civil fines to settle allegations of illegally promoting certain drugs for unapproved uses.

The case involved multiple drugs, including Bextra, an anti-inflammatory medication, and others such as Geodon and Zyvox. The U.S. Department of Justice alleged that Pfizer had marketed these drugs for uses not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is a violation of federal law.

The settlement was reached after a lengthy investigation into Pfizer's marketing practices. The government alleged that Pfizer had engaged in off-label marketing, which refers to promoting or marketing drugs for uses that are not approved by regulatory authorities. The allegations included claims that Pfizer had encouraged doctors to prescribe its drugs for unapproved purposes and had provided kickbacks to healthcare professionals to influence prescribing practices.

The $2.3 billion settlement encompassed both criminal fines and civil settlements, making it the largest criminal fine in history at that time. The settlement also included provisions for increased transparency and compliance measures by Pfizer.

It's important to note that the landscape of legal cases and fines can change over time, so it's possible that there have been subsequent cases with larger fines. It's always recommended to consult the latest available information to ensure accuracy and up-to-date knowledge on this subject.

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Complete question:

Who had the largest criminal fine in history and why?

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

The way I would build a relationship with a potential managed care organization to negotiate a contract for the best reimbursement rates would be the following.

First, I would start creating a proper business atmosphere to establish a good relationship from the very beginning. I would send an invitation to the leader of the Managed Care Organization to introduce my self, try to know each other professionally, share my expectations, and listen to theirs too as well as their concerns.

I could invite it to the facilities of my company so they could see first hand the way we operate and get familiar with the organization. This would create a decent relationship that could grow in the future. Once we know each other better than in the beginning, we can schedule the proper time and place to initiate formal negotiations in a respectful and business-like way.  

Answer:

Luftwaffe

Luftwaffe is a generic German term for an air force. It was also the official name for the Nazi air force founded in 1935. Led by Hermann Goering, it became the largest and most powerful in Europe by the start of World War Two.

Answer:

The Air Force of Germany is known as:

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The Preamble of the United States Constitution articulates the broad objectives of the government and its commitment to establishing a more perfect union, ensuring justice, domestic tranquility, common defense, general welfare, and securing liberty for the people.

The excerpt provided, "in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity," is from the Preamble of the United States Constitution. The Preamble serves as an introductory statement that outlines the fundamental purposes and goals of the Constitution.

The Preamble is not specifically attributed to a particular article of the Constitution. It sets the tone and overarching principles that guide the entire document. The six goals stated in the Preamble reflect the intentions of the framers to create a strong, just, and unified nation that ensures peace, defense, welfare, and liberty for both the present and future generations.

While the Preamble does not carry legal authority on its own, it provides important context and helps to interpret the Constitution's provisions. It serves as a reminder of the aspirations and values upon which the Constitution is built.

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Due to the attacks and earlier conflicts, which threatened a common adversary, the populace came to see itself as Americans fighting against the enemy rather than as members of certain ethnic groups. These events were similar to cold war.

Who is Quindlen?

Anna Marie Quindlen is a famous American author, journalist, and opinion columnist. In 1992, her Public and Private column in the New York Times won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary. In 1974, she started working as a reporter for the New York Post.

9/11 and the Cold War both created a unified adversary against whom all different ethnicities were united. These were the foes that ethnically diverse Americans harbored suspicions, fears, and animosities toward, as well as racism and xenophobia. The diverse identities of the immigrants who make up the United States are combined to form the American identity. They fight one another when things are calm. Their hate and paranoia are centered on the enemy when there is one.

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One of the greatest comedians ever. He's so insightful about social issues, and makes the everyday things we do as humans hilarious.

The man is a genius and one of the best to ever do it.

The 14th Amendment guarantees that no state shall deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, protecting individual rights and freedoms from arbitrary or unjust actions by the state.

The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution states that states cannot take away certain rights from individuals without due process of law. Specifically, the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees that no state shall "deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." This means that the state cannot take away an individual's life, liberty, or property without following the proper legal procedures, such as a fair trial, and providing the individual with the opportunity to defend themselves. The Due Process Clause of the 14th amendment provides important protection of individual rights and freedoms, and it helps to ensure that all individuals are treated fairly and justly under the law.

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Answer:

Fiscal federalism

Explanation:

Answer:

when ribbentrop spoke with him a week before the suic-ide in the bunker, hitler told him that, 'the real military cause of defeat' was the failure of the german air force.

Explanation:

the key to ending the world crisis was the defeat of hitler's germany.

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Answer:

Writ of assistance, in English and American colonial history, a general search warrant issued by superior provincial courts to assist the British government in enforcing trade and navigation laws. ... In common use since the reign of Charles II, the writs did not arouse controversy until a renewal attempt was made in 1761.

Explanation:

hope this helps u, sorry if it doesn't.

The correct answer is option D, crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence. Crystallized intelligence is the capacity to employ knowledge and skills previously obtained via previous learning experiences.

The type of intelligence involves the ability to employ learned knowledge and experience, the ability to communicate efficiently and express oneself, and the ability to read and understand written text. In contrast, fluid intelligence refers to an individual's ability to think abstractly, perceive connections, and solve problems free of any previous understanding.

Fluid intelligence is the ability to think in the abstract and perceive relationships and analogies. Fluid intelligence involves the ability to identify patterns, problem-solving, and draw inferences quickly. A person with excellent fluid intelligence can be creative and see relationships in a new light. Understanding algebra is to fluid intelligence, as knowledge of United States history is to crystallized intelligence.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D, crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence.

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Answer:

No.

Explanation:

The seasons are opposite on the southern hemisphere of the earth. For example, in the southern hemisphere, in summer it could snow, in winter it would be really hot.

Answer:

Democracy

Explanation:

Democracy a form of government where political power rests in the hands of the people.

Answer:

the answer is Great Britain

Explanation:

Answer: the first one

Explanation: hes a slave

Answer: A He spent most of his time growing food for his family

Explanation:Most African Americans during that time did not make enough money to buy houses or even farms, So it is A.

Answer:

The answer is B

Explanation:

Abraham Lincoln's reputation as a great president stems from his goals to preserve the Union, his strong leadership during the Civil War, his evolving view on slavery, and his vision of a reunited and free nation.

Abraham Lincoln's reputation as one of the greatest presidents in U.S. history stems from his significant contributions and actions during his presidency. Lincoln's overarching goal was to preserve the Union and ensure the survival of the United States as a single, indivisible nation. He believed that the principles of liberty and equality enshrined in the Declaration of Independence were the foundation of the nation and sought to protect them.

During the Civil War, Lincoln exhibited strong leadership by effectively navigating the challenges posed by the conflict. He made crucial decisions such as the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, which declared that all slaves in Confederate-held territory were to be set free. This move not only redefined the goals of the war but also led to the eventual abolition of slavery.

Lincoln's view of slavery evolved over time. While initially, he aimed to prevent the spread of slavery to new territories, he recognized the moral and social injustice of the institution. Lincoln believed that the government had a duty to address the issue, leading him to advocate for the eventual emancipation of all enslaved people.

In terms of the future of the country, Lincoln envisioned a reunited nation where all citizens could enjoy freedom and equality. His iconic Gettysburg Address in 1863 emphasized the importance of preserving the Union and honoring the sacrifice of those who fought for it. He advocated for post-war reconciliation and the rebuilding of the nation, expressing a desire for a united and prosperous United States.

Abraham Lincoln's leadership during the Civil War, his evolving view on slavery, his commitment to preserving the Union, and his vision for a united and free nation all contributed to his reputation as one of the greatest presidents in American history.

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Myths often have happy endings, while legends contain moral warnings for poor behavior. The two differ in their themes and tone.

Myths and legends are both stories that have been passed down through generations, but they differ in several ways.

Firstly, myths are often associated with supernatural or divine beings and events.

They explain the origins of the world, gods, and natural phenomena.

On the other hand, legends are usually based on historical events or real people and their heroic deeds.

Secondly, myths typically have happy endings, while legends are more likely to contain moral elements that warn of consequences for poor behavior.

For example, the legend of King Arthur teaches the importance of honor, loyalty, and duty.

Lastly, myths are often associated with religious beliefs and rituals, while legends are part of a cultural heritage and are meant to entertain and inspire.

In summary, while both myths and legends have their own unique characteristics, they play an important role in shaping our understanding of the world and our place in it.

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The seven years' war pitted Britain against France in a struggle to control the NorthWest region of north america.

The 7 years war betwen Great Britain and France was meant to contest the North West territory of Canada. This war was thoroughly fought by the two sides and later resulted in an economic crisis for britain.

France fought to defend the North Americans and eventually came off victorious in the war. So, the frontiers of Canada was the subject of contest.

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Answer:

The Populist Party emerged in the early 1890s as an important force in the Southern and Western United States, but collapsed after it nominated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 United States presidential election. ... In the 1892 presidential election, the Populist ticket of James B. Weaver and James G.

Explanation:

Rome endured economic instability, political corruption, and barbarian invasions in the 200s BCE.

Generally, In the 200s BCE, Rome faced several problems including economic instability, political corruption, and invasions by barbarian tribes.

Emperor Diocletian attempted to solve Rome's economic problems by implementing a series of reforms known as the Tetrarchy. These included the establishment of price controls, the creation of state-run monopolies, and the issuance of a new currency. Diocletian also sought to increase efficiency by dividing the empire into smaller administrative units and by creating a more centralized system of government. While these measures may have temporarily stabilized the economy, they ultimately failed to address the underlying causes of Rome's economic problems and led to increased government intervention in the economy.

He introduced a new gold coin, the solidus, which was intended to stabilize the currency and increase the empire's economic prosperity. He also reduced taxes and introduced a number of other measures to stimulate trade and commerce. However, many of these policies were not sustained over time and did not address the underlying issues that were causing economic problems in Rome.

They were primarily composed of small tribes and clans, each with its own leaders. They also did not have a strong tradition of writing and recorded history, which made them more difficult for the Romans to understand and control. Additionally, their society was based on warrior culture and they were primarily farmers and cattle herders.

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Answer:

1 advantage and disadvantage is

Explanation:

people will become more dependent on each cause trust and 1 disadvantage would be that we would have to trade every high value thing so we can get another higher value/ or for food

Answer:YES IM CORRECT ALR NP YES IM HIM AND OTHER PEOPLE ARE NOT

Explanation:YES IM CORRECT ALR NP YES IM HIM AND OTHER PEOPLE ARE NOT

Answer:

When war was declared on August 4th, India rallied to the cause. Those with influence within India believed that the cause of Indian independence would best be served by helping out Britain in whatever capacity India could – including the Indian National Congress.

Answer:

american indians were not very popular in the US. so, they couldnt really react if they had no say.

people from india reacted the way british did, since india was a british colony at the time.

Answer: To achieve his purpose, Jackson encouraged Congress to adopt the Removal Act of 1830. The Act established a process whereby the President could grant land west of the Mississippi River to Indian tribes that agreed to give up their homelands.

Explanation:

The purpose of the Clayton Act of 1914 was to prohibit the elimination of unions. It aimed to protect the rights of workers to form labor unions and engage in collective bargaining.

The act was designed to address some of the shortcomings of the Sherman Antitrust Act and provide additional protections for labor rights. It sought to prevent unfair labor practices by prohibiting certain actions that could harm competition and restrict the rights of workers. The Clayton Act made it illegal for companies to engage in practices such as price discrimination, exclusive dealing, and tying arrangements that could harm competition.

By prohibiting these practices, the act aimed to promote fair competition and protect the interests of workers. It also established provisions to prevent mergers and acquisitions that would substantially lessen competition. Overall, the Clayton Act sought to strike a balance between preventing anti-competitive behavior and safeguarding the rights of workers to organize and collectively bargain.The purpose of the Clayton Act of 1914 was to prohibit the elimination of unions. It aimed to protect the rights of workers to form labor unions and engage in collective bargaining.

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Answer:

Explanation:

An Absolute Monarchy is a form of government that was popular during medieval Europe and up until the end of the 18th century. As well, medieval European absolute monarchs included the practise of divine right of kings, meaning that the monarch derived his or her power from god

The Battle of Ball's Bluff, an early defeat for the Union Army in the U.S. Civil War, occurred mostly in and around the Potomac River.

The Battle of Ball's Bluff took place on October 21, 1861, during the early stages of the American Civil War. The battle occurred primarily in and around the Potomac River, which flows through the states of Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia. The conflict was fought near Ball's Bluff, a steep cliff located along the Potomac River in Loudoun County, Virginia.

The Union Army suffered a significant defeat in this battle, with heavy casualties and the capture of several soldiers. The engagement highlighted the challenges faced by the Union forces in the early years of the war.

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Answer:

B)Underground

Explanation:

The preCivil War took place arround

year 1820 to arround year 1860 it was regarded as "antebellum years” which was among most chaotic events that took place in in American history, it's regarded as a time that symbolize significant changes which took place during the time United States came of age. There is transformation of the nation from an underdeveloped nation of farmers into an urbanized economic powerhouse. The Underground Railroad was the loose-knit organization that render some service in order to help the slaves so they can escape to the Canada, this organization make use of

Underground Railroad.

It should be noted that the term describes the pre-Civil War, loose-knit organization that helped runaway slaves escape to Canada is Underground Railroad

These are the options for the question

a. Freedmen's Bureau

b. Underground Railroad

c. Ku Klux Klan

d. Know-Nothing Party