In the Junger v.Daleycase referenced in the text,a professor challenged regulations involving the posting to a website of human readable source code of an encryption software program.The court held that:A) computer source code is not protected by the First Amendment.B) computer source code is protected by the First Amendment and that restrictions involving restrictions to such code are reviewed under a rational basis standard.C) computer source code is protected by the First Amendment and that restrictions involving restrictions to such code are reviewed under the substantially related test.D) computer source code is protected by the First Amendment and that restrictions involving restrictions to such code are reviewed under a strict scrutiny standard.

Answers

Answer 1

In the Junger v. Daley case, a professor challenged regulations involving the posting of human-readable source code of an encryption software program on a website. The court held that "computer source code is protected by the First Amendment and that restrictions involving such code are reviewed under the "substantially related" test.

This means that restrictions on the posting of source code must be related to a substantial government interest, and must not burden substantially more speech than necessary to further that interest.

The court rejected the argument that computer source code is not protected by the First Amendment and also declined to apply a strict scrutiny standard to the restrictions.

The rational basis standard, which requires that the government's actions be rationally related to a legitimate government interest, was also deemed insufficient to protect free speech in this context.

Instead, the substantially related test strikes a balance between the government's interest in regulating encryption software and the First Amendment rights of those who develop and distribute such software.

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Related Questions

During the year, the company purchased $254000 of materials; however it paid for only $214000. how much inventory was requisitioned for use on jobs during 2019?

Answers

After calculating. the inventory requisitioned for use on jobs during 2019 was $41,600.

To determine the amount of inventory requisitioned for use on jobs during 2019, we need to calculate the change in raw materials inventory from the beginning of the year to the end of the year.

Beginning raw materials inventory (January 1, 2019): $1,600

Purchases of materials during 2019: $254,000

Materials paid for during 2019: $214,000

To find the inventory requisitioned for use on jobs during 2019, we can use the following formula:

Inventory Requisitioned = Beginning Inventory + Purchases - Materials Paid for

Inventory Requisitioned = $1,600 + $254,000 - $214,000

Inventory Requisitioned = $1,600 + $40,000

Inventory Requisitioned = $41,600

Therefore, the inventory requisitioned for use on jobs during 2019 was $41,600.

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Probably the full question is:

As of December 31, 2019, Nilsen Industries had $2,000 of raw materials inventory. At the beginning of 2017, there was $1,600 of materials on hand. During the year, the company purchased $254000 of materials; however, it paid for only $214000. how much inventory was requisitioned for use on jobs during 2019?

Explain the project planning steps​

Answers

Set goals

Prioritize tasks

Create a schedule

Communicate.

You have a $1,475 annual budget for spending on social media. The budget increases by 20% for December. What is your

budget for the month of December?

Answers

Answer:

To calculate the budget for the month of December, we need to first find 20% of the annual budget and then add it to the original budget.

20% of the annual budget = 0.2 x $1,475 = $295

So the budget increase for December is $295.

To find the budget for December, we add the budget increase to the original budget:

December budget = $1,475 + $295 = $1,770

Therefore, the budget for the month of December is $1,770.

Explanation:

A stock is currently selling for $26.25. A 4-month call option with a strike price of $25.00 has an option premium of $3.77. The risk-free rate is 3.2 percent and the market rate is 7.1 percent. What is the option premium on a 4-month put with a $25.00 strike price? Assume the options are European style. Round your final answer to two decimal places (Ex. $0.00). Please show how to do the work

Answers

The option premium on a 4-month put with a $25.00 strike price can be determined by using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. This model is used to calculate the theoretical price of an option based on the six inputs of stock price, strike price, time to expiration, volatility, risk-free rate, and dividend yield.

The inputs for this problem are the stock price of $26.25, the strike price of $25.00, the time to expiration of 4 months, the volatility of the stock, the risk-free rate of 3.2%, and the market rate of 7.1%. Using these inputs, we can calculate the option premium of the 4-month put option with a strike price of $25.00 to be $3.25. This means that the option premium of the 4-month put option with a strike price of $25.00 is $3.25.

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tariff is a​ _____ imposed on a good when it is​ _____.

Answers

tariff is a tax imposed on a good when it is imported into a country

How will you be able to become the cost leader of the market in which you deal?
A.
by focusing on customer loyalty
B.
by analyzing your competitive advantage and identifying which strategy works best for your business
C.
by concentrating on serving a particular segment of customers better
D.
by producing a product that has a higher perceived value to the customers when compared to the already existing products
E.
by producing your goods at the lowest price in the market

Answers

Answer:

well it would be A i think

Explanation:

Answer:

E. by producing your good at the lowest price in the market

Explanation:

Plato


In Country A, the State controls ALL the factors of production. Country A could be described as a country that is operating within a:

A. free market economic system
B. laissez-faire economic system
C. mixed economic system
D. planned economic system​

Answers

D) Planned Economic System

In a communist economic system, all factors of production are controlled by the government. The Planned economic system most similarly embodies that same economic system.

Whoever answers first gets 50 points

Answers

Answer:

i like ya cut g

Explanation:

point) Andrea is a preschool teacher. She works with three- and four-year olds every day from 9am to 3pm. She does not work over the holidays. This is an example of a
traditional career
entrepreneurship
remote worker
non-traditional career​

Answers

Answer:

traditional career

Explanation:

Since in the given situation Andrea who is a preschool teacher and wants to work with 3-4 years old everyday having a shift of 9 am to 3 pm. Moreover, she does not work in the holidays, so this is an example of a traditional career as she is a preschool teacher so it defines the traditional career

Hence, the other options would be incorrect

RWJ 6-3 Josephine is studying for FRL 3000 Exam, help her decide which compounding period produces the highest present value given a stated annual interest rate and a future value?
Group of answer choices
a.Monthly
b.Annual
c.Semi-annual
d.Weekly

Answers

If josephine wants to maximize the present value, she should choose a compounding period of "daily" if it is available.

the compounding period that produces the highest present value given a stated annual interest rate and a future value is "daily".

the more frequently compounding occurs, the higher the present value will be. in this case, the given s are monthly, annual, semi-annual, and weekly. however, none of these s represent compounding on a daily basis.

compounding daily would result in the highest present value compared to the given s. daily compounding allows for the interest to be calculated and added to the account balance more frequently, resulting in a higher accumulation of interest over time.

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Entry and exit help to improve resource allocation because O if firms don't respond to losses, they will miss good opportunities. Owhen firms only seek profits, they can miss good opportunities. losses result in exit and release resources to flow to markets where there are profits. profits and losses indicate inefficient production. b. Entry and exit in a perfectly competitive industry occur in the long run, so that short-run economic profits are zero. short run, so that short-run economic profits are zero. long run, so that long-run economic profits are zero. short run, so that long-run economic profits are zero.

Answers

Entry and exit help to improve resource allocation because firms that do not respond to losses will miss good opportunities, and losses result in exit and release resources to flow to markets where there are profits.

Entry and exit ensure that firms respond to losses: When firms experience losses in a particular market, it indicates that their production is inefficient or that there is insufficient demand for their products. If firms do not respond to these losses and continue operating in the same market, they may miss out on better opportunities elsewhere. Exiting the market allows these firms to reallocate their resources to more profitable ventures, where they can make better use of their capital and expertise.

Losses result in exit and release of resources: Exiting the market due to losses helps in releasing resources that can be utilized more effectively in other sectors or industries. These resources include capital, labor, and other inputs. By exiting the market, these resources become available for allocation to firms that can generate profits and achieve more efficient production. This reallocation of resources leads to improved resource allocation overall.

Entry and exit play a crucial role in improving resource allocation. Firms that do not respond to losses and persist in unprofitable markets miss out on better opportunities. Losses act as a signal for firms to exit inefficient markets and release resources, allowing them to flow to more profitable areas. By reallocating resources to where there are profits, entry and exit help improve resource allocation and promote more efficient production in the economy.

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Charles Adams deposited $1,000 in a savings account that earns 4% interest compounded monthly. He made no other deposits or withdrawals. What was the amount in the account at the end of 2 months? How much is the compound interest?

Answers

Answer:

Amount after 2 months = $1,006,68Compound interest = $6.68

Explanation:

Amount is compounded monthly so interest will have to be converted to a monthly figure.

Interest = 4%/12 = 4/12%

Amount at the end of month 2;

= 1,000 * ( 1 + 4/12%)²

= $1,006.6771

= $1,006,68

Compound interest = 1,006.68 - 1,000 = $6.68

a major effect of the rise in the rate of productivity growth in the united states is a(n)

Answers

As per the concept of GDP, a major effect of the rise in the rate of productivity growth in the united states is a(n) is rise in the growth of living standards.

The term GDP in business is defined as a measurement that seeks to capture a country's economic output where as each countries with larger GDPs will have a greater amount of goods and services generated within them, and will generally have a higher standard of living.

Here we have given that rise a major effect of the rise in the rate of productivity growth in the united states.

According to the definition of GDP, if the productivity growth is rising, then corresponding product standard will be increased based on these. Thus will make the increment in that living standard also.

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he following information is reported for the current year for North Atlantic Division of XT Enterprises:
Sales $3,800,000
Interest expense $250,000
Net income $500,000
Total assets $5,000,000
Noninterest-bearing current liabilities $400,000
Cost of capital 8%
Required rate of return 14%
Tax rate 30%
How much is the division’s invested capital?
a. $5,400,000
b. $5,000,000
c. $4,600,000
d. $5,500,000

Answers

Therefore, the answer is b. $5,000,000 is the division’s invested capital.

.

To find the division's invested capital, we need to calculate its total liabilities and equity. We know that total assets are $5,000,000, and noninterest-bearing current liabilities are $400,000. This means that the division's interest-bearing current liabilities and long-term liabilities, plus its equity, add up to $4,600,000 ($5,000,000 - $400,000).
We don't have information on the division's equity, but we can calculate its interest-bearing current liabilities by subtracting noninterest-bearing current liabilities from total current liabilities. Assuming all current liabilities are interest-bearing, we have:
Interest-bearing current liabilities = Total current liabilities - Noninterest-bearing current liabilities
Interest-bearing current liabilities = (Total assets - Equity) - Noninterest-bearing current liabilities
Interest-bearing current liabilities = $5,000,000 - Equity - $400,000
We can rearrange this equation to solve for Equity:
Equity = $5,000,000 - Interest-bearing current liabilities - $400,000
To find interest-bearing current liabilities, we can use the information on interest expense and cost of capital:
Interest-bearing current liabilities = Interest expense / Cost of capital
Interest-bearing current liabilities = $250,000 / 0.08
Interest-bearing current liabilities = $3,125,000
Plugging this into the equation above, we get:
Equity = $5,000,000 - $3,125,000 - $400,000

Equity = $1,475,000
Now we can find the division's invested capital:
Invested capital = Total liabilities + Equity
Invested capital = Interest-bearing current liabilities + Noninterest-bearing current liabilities + Equity
Invested capital = $3,125,000 + $400,000 + $1,475,000
Invested capital = $5,000,000

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How can i do international transactions from nepal?​

Answers

In Nepal, International Payment can only be done by using USD (United States Dollar) card i.e master card, visa card or American express system. International Payment gateway providers such as Paypal, Payoneer need these cards for payment purposes internationally

Which one is not a Function in MS Excel?

MAX
ARG
MIN
SUM

Answers

ARG is not a function I’m familiar with in Excel, however I’m familiar with MAX, MIN, and SUM in Excel.

There for the answer is ARG.

I have 1 F and 2 D's in my business class, Language arts, and science, because I have to study for another school which takes up a lot of my homework time. (Online School) Please help (┬┬﹏┬┬)

Answers

Answer:

I'm not sure how to help other than to tell you that you've got this! I am an AP and a dual-enrollment student, so I completely understand.

When the units produced are equal to the units sold, the net operating income computed using the variable costing method is ______ the net operating income using the absorption costing method.

Answers

Answer:

equal to

Explanation:

When the units produced are equal to the units sold, net operating income computed using the absorption costing approach is equal to the net operating income computed using the variable costing approach.

Sally Arnold produces a range of products through several processes. Total overhead costs for process A are $400,000 and overhead is allocated to units of product on the basis of $6 of overhead for each hour of direct labour employed. If 7,000 units of product Y pass through process A, requiring 3,500 direct labour hours, what is the overhead from process A to be applied to product Y? Show you calculation.

Answers

The overhead from process A to be applied to product Y is $21,000 since $6 of overhead is allocated for each hour of direct labor used.$21,000 = ($6 per hour of overhead) * 3,500 direct labor hours.

The overhead from process A to be applied to product Y is $21,000. In the case of Sally Arnold who produces a range of products through several processes, the overhead costs for process A are $400,000. The overhead is allocated to units of product based on $6 of overhead for every hour of direct labor used. If 7,000 units of product Y pass through process A, requiring 3,500 direct labor hours, the overhead from process A to be applied to product Y will be calculated as follows:Calculate the overhead cost per hour of direct labor employed in process A= Overhead costs for process A/ Direct labor employed in process A= $400,000/3,500 hours= $114.29 (per hour rate of overhead)Calculate the total overhead from process A to be applied to product Y= Overhead cost per hour * Direct labor hours required= $114.29 * 3,500 hours= $400,000Therefore, the overhead from process A to be applied to product Y is $21,000 since $6 of overhead is allocated for each hour of direct labor used.$21,000 = ($6 per hour of overhead) * 3,500 direct labor hours.

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1. What is the impact of government created price ceilings on the market place?

Answers

Answer:

They create shortages in the market

Explanation:

A price ceiling refers to the maximum amount that sellers are legally allowed to charge for products are services. The government uses price control to regulate prices when it feels they are rising at a fast rate. The price ceiling is set at a lower level than the equilibrium price as the government tries to tame rising prices.

The price ceiling brings about a shortage in the market. Suppliers will shy away from the market as the reduced price may not meet their cost. Price ceiling reduces supplier profits margins, which discourages supply.

[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] Mason (single) is a 50 percent shareholder in Angels Corporation (an S Corporation). Mason receives a $186,000 salary working full time for Angels Corporation. Angels Corporation reported $424,000 of taxable business income for the year (2022). Before considering his business income allocation from Angels and the self-employment tax deduction (if any), Mason's adjusted gross income is $186,000 (all salary from Angels Corporation). Mason claims $62,000 in itemized deductions. Answer the following questions for Mason. Note: Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable. Problem 04-46 Part c (Algo) c. Assume the same facts as question (b), except that Angels Corporation reported $174,000 of taxable business income for the year. What is Mason's deduction for qualified business income? Ignore the wage-based limitation when computing the deduction.

Answers

The deduction for qualified business income is $17,400.

To calculate Mason's deduction for qualified business income, we follow these steps: Determine the taxable business income of Angels Corporation: In this case, the taxable business income is $174,000. Calculate Mason's share of the business income: As Mason is a 50 percent shareholder, his share of the business income is calculated by multiplying the taxable business income by his ownership percentage: $174,000 x 50% = $87,000. Calculate the deduction for qualified business income: The deduction for qualified business income equals 20% of Mason's share of the business income. Therefore, the conclusion can be calculated as follows: $87,000 x 20% = $17,400. Thus, the deduction for qualified business income for Mason is $17,400.

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There are a number of good outcomes associated with international trade for an economy in addition to the positive welfare effects from free trac Consider the following situation: Without free trade, Cardinalia has market power as a local producer. Once free trade is implemented in the Iocal economy, Cardinalia is no longer able to raise its prices above competitive levels. The scenario described above represents which of the following benefits of free trade? A. Increased variety of goods B. Lower costs through economies of scale
C. Increased competition D. An enhanced flow of ideas

Answers

The scenario described above represents C. Increased competition. With free trade, Cardinalia is no longer able to raise its prices above competitive levels, meaning that there is an increase in competition from other suppliers. Free trade encourages competition, which often results in lower prices, an increased variety of goods, economies of scale, and an enhanced flow of ideas.

Free trade leads to increased competition, as well as increased choice for consumers, by allowing firms to have access to global markets. Free trade contributes to lower prices and allows companies to specialize in their core competencies, resulting in increased efficiency and lower costs. Countries can gain from free trade by specializing in producing those goods that they have a comparative advantage in and importing goods that other countries are better at producing.

Free trade results in greater competition among producers, which encourages innovation and improves the quality of products while lowering their prices. In the absence of trade restrictions, the domestic market becomes more open to foreign goods, and domestic producers are forced to improve their products' quality and reduce their prices to remain competitive.

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List the six areas of interest.

Answers

Answer:

Six areas of interest are: building,thinking,creating,holding, persuading and organizing.

Explanation:

I honk they’re Building,thinking,creating,holding,persuading and organization

What are two types of goods/services that lend themselves well to price competition? Discuss these goods/services and reasons why price competition works best for them.

Answers

Explanation:

The two types of goods / services where price competition works best are those classified by a market model of perfect competition and imperfect competition.

In perfect competition, there is a predominance of a homogeneous market, with the presence of many companies and without barriers to entry, where there is the possibility of free price competition, such as the food industry.

In imperfect competition, there is also the presence of many industries in the market, but there is a differentiation of products, which causes price competition but depending on the benefits, functionality and degree of differentiation of the good perceived by the consumer.

The two types of goods/services that lend themselves well to price competition are those that are classified by a market model of perfect competition and imperfect competition.

It should be noted that in perfect competition, there is a homogeneous market. Also, no one can influence the price. There's also free entry and exit.

On the other hand, in imperfect competition, there is also the presence of many industries in the market, but there is a differentiation of products, which causes price competition. Also, the producers can influence the price.

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Which is an example of non-tradable good or service.
Vegetables
Soda
Hotel accommodation
Textiles

Answers

A typical example of a non-tradable good or service is; Hotel accomodation.

What are non-transferable goods and services?

Traditionally, non-tradable goods include such items as electricity, water supply, all public services, hotel accommodation, real estate, construction, local transportation; goods with very high transportation costs such as gravel; and commodities characteristically produced to meet special customs or conditions of the market space.

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2. Which of the following is NOT true?
A mortgage loan is a secured loan.
OA personal loan is a secured loan.
Loan terms are the information written in a loan agreement.
OA personal loan is an unsecured loan.

Answers

The statement "A personal loan is a secured loan" is NOT true.

What is a personal loan?

A loan is a financial agreement between a borrower and a lender, where the borrower receives a certain amount of money from the lender and agrees to repay it with interest over a set period of time. The personal loan is generally a type of unsecured loan, which means that it is not secured by any collateral. On the other hand, a mortgage loan is a secured loan as it is secured by the property being purchased.

Therefore, loan terms are the information written into a loan agreement, such as the interest rate, payment period, and any fees or penalties associated with the loan.

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A carpenter sands 12 of a dresser in 34 hour. At this rate, how long does it take the carpenter to sand 1 dresser?

Answers

Answer:

2.83

or 3 hours 23 minutes

Explanation:

If 12 dressers are sanded in 34 hours , 1 dresser would be sanded in : 34/12 = 2.83

Because the limit on minutes is 60, we would have to convert 2.83

to do this divide 83 by 60 = 1 hr 23 minutes

Add this to 2 hours . this gives 3 hours 23 minutes

Which one of the following types of products is not subject to inelastic demand? a. Status-symbol cars b. Gasoline c. Electricity d. Dining room furniture.

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

dining room furniture

If the demand curve shifted more to the right on this graph, which of the following could be the new equilibrium point?

If the demand curve shifted more to the right on this graph, which of the following could be the new

Answers

Answer:

$200

Explanation:

explain socialism, capitalism and mixed economy with their features advantages and disadvantages​

Answers

Socialism is defined as the means of production that is owned by the state. Capitalism is a economic system in which private individuals or businesses own capital goods. A Mixed Economy is a system that combines aspects of both Capitalism and Socialism.
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