How many grams of water are produced when oxygen reacts with an excessive amount of propane (C3H8)?

Rutherford conclusion was: Inside of the gold atom consists of empty spaces.

Rutherford theorized that atoms have their charge concentrated in a very small nucleus.

This was famous Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment: he bombarded thin foil of gold with positive alpha particles (helium atom particles, consist of two protons and two neutrons).

Rutherford observed the deflection of alpha particles on the photographic film and notice that most of alpha particles passed straight through foil.

That is different from Plum Pudding model, because it shows that most of the atom is empty space.

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Answer: To determine the correct subscripts in a chemical formula, you have to solve how many atoms you need to balance the charge.

For example if I had the compound Calcium Fluoride I would look at the periodic table and see that Calcium's ionic formula is

C

a

2

+

. How do I know this? Well all elements want to have 8 valance electrons so they can be stable(happy). Seeing that Calcium has 2 valance electrons it is going to give away 2 electrons because that is easier than gaining 6 to be happy. Since Calcium has given away 2 electrons it has two more protons than electrons. We know that Protons have a Positive charge, Electrons have Negative charge, and the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number of an element in its pure non-ionic state. (Meaning it doesn't have a positive or negative charge; it is balanced.)

So if calcium gave away two electrons, it will have two more protons than an electron giving it a (2+) charge. The same process can be applied to Fluoride. Since fluoride is one to the left of the noble gases(group 18 or 8A) on the periodic table we know that it has 7 valance electrons because it is in group 7A or 17.

Knowing that we have 7 electrons the fluoride atom will gain an extra electron. Since the fluoride atom gained an extra electron it will have one more negative charge than a positive making it a

^

(

−

)

ion.

So you know that Calcium has a 2+ charge and that fluoride has a 1- charge, you then need these ions to balance out. So you need two fluorine atoms with a 1- ions to balance out the 2+ ion of calcium. Your final answer would be

C

a

F

2

because you need two fluorine atoms to balance out the 2+ charge of the calcium.

Final Tip: Determine the charges then inverse the charges, remove the positive and negative superscipts, and write the charge numbers as a sub script. Ie. Calcium Fluoride

C

a

2

+

and

F

−

inversing and removing the charge signs would give you

C

a

F

2

Explanation:

Answer:

35.5

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Abundance of chlorine Cl  - 35 = 75%

Mass of Cl - 35 = 35

Abundance of Cl - 37  = 25%

Mass of Cl - 37 = 37

Unknown:

Relative molecular mass  = ?

Solution:

The relative molecular mass of the chlorine can be deduced using the expression below:

   Relative molecular mass  = (abundance x mass of Cl - 35) + ( abundance x mass of Cl - 37)

 Relative molecular mass  = (75% x 35) + (25% x 37)  = 35.5

Explanation:

Bottom line: Most asteroids are rocky bodies that lie within the asteroid belt while comets are dirty snowballs from the Oort Cloud, with some objects acting like a hybrid of these two types.

Answer:

False

Explanation:

check out the explanation in the attached file

The nutrient that is present in the highest amounts in most foods is carbohydrates. Carbohydrates provide the body with energy and are found in a wide variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products.

Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients that are essential to human health, along with protein and fat. They are composed of sugars, starches, and fibers and are broken down into glucose, which the body uses as its primary source of energy.

Carbohydrates are found in a wide range of foods, from simple sugars found in fruits and honey to complex carbohydrates found in grains and vegetables.

Carbohydrates are especially abundant in foods such as bread, pasta, rice, and potatoes, which are staples in many diets around the world. Dairy products, such as milk and yogurt, also contain carbohydrates in the form of lactose.

Fruits and vegetables are also good sources of carbohydrates, as they contain natural sugars and fibers that help to regulate blood sugar levels and support digestive health.

While carbohydrates are an important source of energy, it is important to consume them in moderation and to choose complex carbohydrates over simple sugars whenever possible.

This can help to prevent spikes in blood sugar levels and support overall health and wellbeing.

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In the following question, among the conditions given, The pH of a solution that consists of equimolar weak acid and the anion of the weak acid where the Ka for the weak acid is 6.4 x 10-5 is option D," 4.2."

What is pH? pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is on a scale of 0 to 14. It is described as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, as follows: pH = -log [H+]The pKa of an acid is a measure of its strength. Ka is the acid dissociation constant, and it is defined as follows: Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]In the dissociation of an acid, [H+] and [A-] are the concentrations of H+ and A-, respectively, while [HA] is the concentration of the undissociated acid.

Therefore, the pKa of the acid can be computed from the Ka value as follows:pKa = -log KaWhen the acid is equal in concentration to its conjugate base, a solution with a pH equal to the pKa of the acid will have equal amounts of the acid and its conjugate base. Therefore, the pH of the solution is equivalent to the pKa of the acid.In this case, the acid is equal in concentration to its conjugate base, and the pH of the solution is equal to the pKa of the acid. Therefore, since the Ka for the weak acid is 6.4 x 10-5, the pKa of the acid can be calculated as follows:pKa = -log (6.4 x 10-5)pKa = 4.19Since the pH of the solution is equal to the pKa of the acid, it is 4.19 or approximately 4.2. Therefore, the correct option is D, 4.2.

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The above reaction is a Single displacement reaction , in which lead (Pb) being more reactive displaces Copper (Cu) from its compound \((\mathrm{CuCl_2})\) and forms Lead Chloride \((\mathrm{PbCl_2})\).

\( \boxed{\mathrm{Pb + CuCl_2 \rightarrow PbCl_2 + Cu}}\)

_____________________________

\(\mathrm{ \#TeeNForeveR} \: ☃\)

Here are the skeletal structures for the cyclopropane isomers with the molecular formula C5H10:

Isomer 1: N-butylcyclopropane

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2

|

C

/

C---C

Isomer 2: Isobutylcyclopropane

CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3

|

C

/

C---C

Isomer 3: Neopentylcyclopropane

(CH3)3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

|

C

/

C---C

These structures represent the three possible isomers of cyclopropane with the given molecular formula. Each isomer has a different arrangement of atoms while maintaining the cyclopropane ring structure.

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The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 considered acidic, 7 being neutral, and values above 7 being alkaline. Hair and scalp have a slightly acidic pH, and using a pH-balanced shampoo helps maintain the natural balance.

The characteristic that identifies a pH-balanced shampoo is having a pH level close to the natural pH level of the hair and scalp, which is around 4.5 to 5.5. Therefore, a pH-balanced shampoo will have a pH level in the acidic to neutral range, typically between 4.5 and 5.5, to avoid causing damage or disrupting the natural pH balance of the hair and scalp.

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A pH-balanced shampoo should have a pH between 4.5 and 5.5, contain mild acids or bases, and help to keep the hair and scalp's natural pH level balanced.

A pH-balanced shampoo is important because it prevents the scalp from becoming too dry or too oily. It ensures that the hair cuticle is closed, reducing frizz and improving shine. Using a pH-balanced shampoo can also help maintain the effectiveness of other hair products.

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Acetone will be deprotonated completely by potassium tert-butoxide because potassium tert-butoxide is a strong base (non-nucleophilic and bulky).

Acetone (propanone) can be completely deprotonated by potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) under suitable conditions. The reaction mechanism involves the attack of the tert-butoxide anion on the acidic proton of acetone, forming an enolate intermediate that can further react with other electrophiles or undergo protonation. The use of a strong base like KOtBu favors the complete deprotonation of acetone and the formation of the corresponding enolate. However, the extent of deprotonation and the stability of the enolate may depend on factors such as temperature, solvent, and concentration of the reagents.

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Approximately 176.3 grams of tin (II) fluoride (SnF2) are produced when 45.0 grams of HF react.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrofluoric acid (HF) and tin (II) fluoride (SnF2) is:

2 HF + SnF2 → SnF4 + 2 HCl

This equation tells us that for every 2 moles of HF that react with SnF2, we will get 1 mole of SnF4 produced.

To determine how many grams of SnF2 are produced from 45.0 grams of HF, we need to first convert the mass of HF to moles using its molar mass. The molar mass of HF is approximately 20.01 g/mol:

45.0 g HF × (1 mol HF / 20.01 g HF) = 2.25 mol HF

According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of HF react with 1 mole of SnF2. Therefore, we can determine the moles of SnF2 produced by dividing the moles of HF by 2:

2.25 mol HF ÷ 2 = 1.125 mol SnF2

Finally, we can convert the moles of SnF2 to grams using its molar mass, which is approximately 156.70 g/mol:

1.125 mol SnF2 × (156.70 g SnF2 / 1 mol SnF2) ≈ 176.3 g SnF2

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In the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down. During this process, two molecules of pyruvate are produced through glycolysis.

Each pyruvate molecule then enters the mitochondria, where it is converted into acetyl-CoA and enters the citric acid cycle.
In the citric acid cycle, each acetyl-CoA molecule undergoes a series of reactions, resulting in the release of two molecules of CO2. Since glucose produces two molecules of pyruvate and each pyruvate molecule generates one acetyl-CoA molecule, a total of two molecules of CO2 are released for each molecule of glucose oxidized in the citric acid cycle.

It's important to note that cellular respiration involves other metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, which also contribute to the production of CO2. However, specifically in the citric acid cycle, two molecules of CO2 are released per glucose molecule oxidized.

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To determine the volume of base added to the weak acid at the equivalence point, we need more information about the concentrations and volumes of both the weak acid and the base. However, I can help you understand the terms and what happens at the equivalence point.

At the equivalence point, the moles of weak acid are equal to the moles of base added. The volume of base added is crucial in reaching this point, and you can calculate it using the formula:

Volume of base = (volume of weak acid x concentration of weak acid) / concentration of base

Please provide the concentrations and volumes of the weak acid and the base, so I can help you determine the volume of base added at the equivalence point.

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Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction is an important synthetic reaction in organic chemistry. It is widely used for synthesizing various compounds. The reaction is between an aldehyde or ketone and a phosphonate or phosphonate ester in the presence of a strong base.

The Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction is one of the most convenient and well-known methods of constructing carbon-carbon double bonds. The reaction proceeds via the formation of an ylide intermediate. The HWE reaction is particularly useful for the synthesis of compounds with a Z-configuration.

The mechanism for the reaction of diethyl benzylphosphonate and 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde in the presence of aqueous NaOH, forming 3,4-methylenedioxystilbene as the product, can be explained in the following steps:

Step 1: Formation of the ylide intermediate

The reaction starts with the formation of an ylide intermediate. This is achieved by the reaction of diethyl benzylphosphonate and 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde in the presence of a strong base like NaOH or KOH. In this reaction, a deprotonated species called an ylide intermediate is generated.

Step 2: Addition of the ylide intermediate to the aldehyde

The ylide intermediate then attacks the aldehyde, leading to the formation of a betaine intermediate.

Step 3: Formation of the phosphonate ester

The betaine intermediate undergoes elimination to form the final product, 3,4-methylenedioxystilbene, and the by-product phosphonate ester.

The mechanism of the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction between diethyl benzylphosphonate and 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde in the presence of aqueous NaOH, forming 3,4-methylenedioxystilbene as the product, is complete. This reaction is significant in organic chemistry and finds applications in the pharmaceutical industry.

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They tell us that the pressure of the gas is constant and the temperature and volume vary. If we assume that the gas behaves like an ideal gas, we can apply Charles's law, which tells us:

where,

V1 is the initial volume, 3.62L

T1 is the initial temperature, 21.6°C=294.75K

V2 is the final volume, 3.45L

T2 is the final temperature, in Kelvin

Now, we clear T2 and replace the known data:

The temperature at which the volume of the gas is 3.45 L will be 281K

Answer. b) 281K

Answer:

As you move down the periodic table, atomic radii increase (more shells in the electron configuration), and the first ionization energy decreases. Electrons of the outermost shell of the atom are further away, and their attraction to the nucleus, therefore, decreases, making it easier for elements with high electronegativity such as Fluorine to form compounds with them.

Answer:3.6 x 101 or 8.77 x 10-1

The internal energy of the gas is 10 J.

The internal energy of an ideal gas can be calculated using the equation U = (3/2) * n * R * T, where U is the internal energy, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Given:

n = 0.40 mol

P = 0.50 atm

V = 50 L

To calculate the temperature, we can use the ideal gas law: PV = nRT.

Rearranging the equation, we get:

T = (P * V) / (n * R)

Substituting the given values, we have:

T = (0.50 atm * 50 L) / (0.40 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K))

Calculating T, we find:

T ≈ 305.68 K

Now, we can calculate the internal energy using the equation:

U = (3/2) * n * R * T

Substituting the values, we get:

U = (3/2) * 0.40 mol * 8.314 J/(mol·K) * 305.68 K

Calculating U, we find:

U ≈ 10 J

The internal energy of the gas is approximately 10 J.

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For a science student to be successful in separating a mixture of two substances in the liquid state using distillation, the boiling points of the two liquids should be significantly different.

In distillation, a mixture of liquids is heated, and the vapor produced is condensed and collected. The liquids in the mixture will have different boiling points, so the substance with the lower boiling point will vaporize and condense at a lower temperature compared to the substance with the higher boiling point.

For a successful distillation, it is important that the boiling points of the two liquids are significantly different so that they can be separated easily. If the boiling points of the two liquids are too close, it will be difficult to separate them using distillation.

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The question is: What is the boiling point of an aqueous solution of urea at 20% m / m (20g of solute for every 80g of solvent), if the molar mass of urea is 60 g / mol. (Kb = 0.52 ° C / m)

Answer: The boiling point of given aqueous solution of urea is \(2.145^{o}C\).

Explanation:

Given: Mass of solute = 20 g

Mass of solvent = 80 g (1 g = 0.001 kg) = 0.08 kg

\(K_{b} = 0.52^{o}C/m\)

Molar mass of urea = 60 g

Molality is the number of moles of solute present in a kg of solvent.

Moles is the mass of a substance divided by its molar mass. So, moles of urea is calculated as follows.

\(Moles = \frac{mass}{molar mass}\\= \frac{20 g}{60 g/mol}\\= 0.33 mol\)

Now, molality of given solution is as follows.

\(Molality = \frac{moles}{mass(in kg)}\\= \frac{0.33 mol}{0.08 kg}\\= 4.125 m\)

Formula used to calculate the boiling point is as follows.

\(\Delta T_{b} = K_{b}m\\= 0.52^{o}C/m \times 4.125 m\\= 2.145^{o}C\)

Thus, we can conclude the the boiling point of given aqueous solution of urea is \(2.145^{o}C\).

The pH of each of the solutions is;

1) 1

2) 2

3) 5
4) 7

5) 9

6) 11

7) 13

The lower the concentration of hydrogen ions, the higher the pH value, indicating a more alkaline solution. Conversely, higher concentrations of hydrogen ions result in lower pH values, indicating a more acidic solution.

We know that the pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. Let us now take the solutions individually.

1) pH = - log(0.1)

= 1

2) pH = - log(0.01)

= 2

3) pH = -log(0.00001)

= 5

4) pH = 7

5) pOH = -log(0.00001)

= 5

pH = 14 - 5

= 9

6) pOH = -log(0.001)

= 3

pH = 14 - 3

= 11

7) pOH = -log(0.1)

= 1

pH = 14 -1

= 13

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This is incorrect because the ice has changed its composition.

A melting ice cube takes on a different shape as it begins to flow. Its makeup doesn't alter, though.

A physical change is an example of melting. A physical change is when a sample of matter undergoes a change that affects some of the material's attributes but not its identity.

The term "physical change" refers to the tearing, breaking, grinding, changing the state of matter, and dissolving of a substance. Exothermic reactions' opponent is known as an endothermic reaction. From their surroundings, they take in heat energy. This indicates that endothermic reactions make their surroundings colder as a result of the reaction. This sort of response can be seen in the melting of ice.

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Answer:

1. cells

2. energy

3. pre-existing cells by division

Explanation:

Answer:

1. All living things have 1 or more cell

2. All organisms use a source of energy

3. All cells come form other pre-exsisting cells

Explanation:

Answer:

Ley.

Explanation:

En la teoría de la ciencia, la regularidad de los procesos en la naturaleza se denomina ley de la naturaleza. Las leyes naturales se diferencian de otras leyes en que los seres humanos no pueden ponerlas en vigor ni anularlas a su discreción. En tal sentido, la composición química del agua es indudablemente una ley natural, en tanto el hombre no puede modificarla sin modificar las características inherentes del agua como tal.

a. Stellar Nebula:

The fusion process in a stellar nebula begins with the fusion of hydrogen atoms to form helium.

As the fusion continues, helium accumulates and eventually enough pressure and heat are generated to trigger the fusion of helium into heavier elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

b. Average/Medium Sized Star:

In an average-sized star, hydrogen fusion continues and generates more heat and pressure, allowing for the fusion of heavier elements such as helium, carbon, and oxygen.

As the fusion process continues, heavier elements such as neon, magnesium, and silicon are produced, leading to the formation of heavier elements such as iron.

c. Red Giant:

In a red giant, the outer layers of the star expand and cool, exposing the core. The core then contracts and heats up, causing the fusion of helium into heavier elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

The fusion process in a red giant generates a large amount of energy and creates elements such as neon, magnesium, and silicon, as well as heavier elements.

d. Red Supergiant:

In a red supergiant, the core continues to contract and heat up, causing the fusion of heavier elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

The fusion process in a red supergiant generates a tremendous amount of energy and leads to the formation of elements such as neon, magnesium, and silicon, as well as even heavier elements.

The energy from the sun's nuclear fusion affects the Earth in several ways:

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Answer:I think its C hope this helps

Explanation:

Answer: Unused glucose is stored mainly in the liver as glycogen.

Explanation: The body breaks down most carbohydrates from the foods we eat and converts them to a type of sugar called glucose. Glucose is the main source of fuel for our cells. When the body doesn't need to use glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and muscles. This stored form of glucose is made up of many connected glucose molecules and is called glycogen. When the body needs a quick boost of energy or when the body isn't getting glucose from food, glycogen is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream to be used as fuel for the cells.

When the body doesn't need to use glucose for energy, it stores it in the liver and muscles.