assume population b and population c evolve until they reach adaptive peaks and experience stabilizing selection. both populations have the same mutation rate.

Answer:

Plants absorb carbondioxide gas from atmosphere whereas respiration releases carbondioxide .

Explanation:

Carbon is present in the atmosphere in the form of carbondioxide gas which is used by the plants in the process of photosynthesis. Plants takes carbondioxide gas from the surrounding air through small openings called stomata and made their own food while on the other hand, carbondioxide gas is released from the body of living organisms in the process of cellular respiration.  In cellular respiration, food is broken down with the help of oxygen forming water, carbondioxide gas and energy in the form of ATP molecules.

Answer:

4-5 days

Explanation:

Muscle regeneration usually starts during the first 4–5 days after injury, peaks at 2 weeks, and then gradually diminishes 3 to 4 weeks after injury. It's a multiple steps process including activation/proliferation of SC, repair and maturation of damaged muscle fibers and connective tissue formation.

Answer:

Explanation:

9.5 Kiloliters = 95,000 Deciliters

Answer:

Yeasts are the main fermentor and alcohol producer in the production of wine, beer and other alcohol drinks.

The main yeast species used is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ...

Both wild and cultivated strains are used.

Answer: Yeasts are the main fermentor and alcohol producer in the production of wine, beer and other alcohol drinks. The main yeast species used is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It ferments the sugars, coming from different sources, e.g., grapes for wine, barley for beer, to alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

mass :kg

gravity: m/s

force: n

work/energy: J

power: W

Answer:

mass :kg

gravity: m/s

force: n

work/energy: J

power: W

Explanation:

Answer:

false

Explanation:

cause it is obviously

Answer: b

Explanation: sorry if im wrong

Answer:

yes they do Various structures need various jobs

The correct answer is option (A) membrane-disrupting toxins.

Membrane-disrupting toxins are not a method of avoiding host antibodies.

Phagocytes are first and primarily exposed to microorganisms invading tissues. Bacteria that are successful pathogens are those that rapidly draw phagocytes and can be quickly consumed and eliminated. Contrarily, most bacteria that are effective pathogens obstruct phagocytes' functions in some way or find another method to escape their attention.

Bacterial pathogens have developed a wide range of techniques to evade phagocytic engulfment and death. Most of them attempt to inhibit phagocytosis by blocking one or more of the stages. The chapter on Innate Immunity against Bacterial Pathogens discusses phagocytosis. There are many methods by that bacteria can evade phagocyte attention.

1. Pathogens can enter or stay limited to areas that phagocytes can't reach. Certain surface tissues, such as unbroken skin, and interior tissues, such as the lumens of glands and the urine bladder, are not monitored by phagocytes.

2. Some pathogens have the ability to prevent inducing a severe inflammatory response. The host cannot concentrate its phagocytic defenses in the absence of inflammation.

3. A few bacteria or their byproducts prevent the chemotaxis of phagocytes. For instance, even at very low doses, the phagocyte-killing substance streptococcal streptolysin reduces neutrophil chemotaxis. It is known that Mycobacterium tuberculosis fractions prevent leukocyte migration. Neutrophil chemotaxis is also prevented by the Clostridium toxin.

4. Some infections can coat the surface of the bacterial cell with an element that the host's phagocytes and immune system recognize as "self." Such a tactic conceals the bacterial cell's antigenic surface. Phagocytes are unable to identify bacteria when they come into contact with them, and antibodies' potential to opsonize them and increase phagocytosis is reduced. For instance, pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus makes clumping factor and cell-bound coagulase that clumps fibrin on the bacterial surface. The syphilis virus Treponema pallidum attaches fibronectin to its surface. Hyaluronic acid can be produced into a capsule by Group A streptococci. The ground substance (tissue cement) in connective tissue is hyaluronic acid.

Some pathogens can or do leave behind sialic acid residues on their surfaces, which hinders phagocyte detection and complement component opsonization.

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Toxins that disrupt membranes is option (A), which is the right response.

Toxins that damage membranes cannot be used to get around host antibodies.

Invading microorganisms first and foremost come into contact with phagocytes. Successful pathogens of bacteria are those that swiftly attract phagocytes and can be eaten up and eliminated. On the other hand, the majority of bacteria that are potent pathogens interfere with phagocyte functions or find another way to avoid their detection.

Bacterial pathogens have created a variety of strategies to avoid being engulfed by phagocytic cells and dying. Most of them make an effort to stop one or more of the phases of phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is covered in the chapter on Innate Immunity against Bacterial Pathogens. Bacteria can avoid phagocyte attention in a variety of ways.

1. Pathogens are able to infiltrate or remain confined to places that phagocytes cannot. Certain inner tissues, such as the lumens of glands and the urinary bladder, as well as certain surface tissues, such as intact skin, are not observed by phagocytes.

2. Some pathogens are capable of preventing the initiation of a serious inflammatory response. Without inflammation, the host cannot focus its phagocytic defenses.

3. A few bacteria or their metabolites stop phagocytes from chemotactically moving. For instance, the phagocyte-killing agent streptococcal streptolysin lowers neutrophil chemotaxis even at very low levels. Leukocyte migration is known to be inhibited by Mycobacterium tuberculosis fractions. The Clostridium toxin also inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis.

4. In some infections, an element that the host's phagocytes and immune system perceive as "self" may be present on the surface of the bacterial cell. Such a strategy hides the antigenic surface of the bacterial cell. When phagocytes come into touch with bacteria, they are unable to recognize them, and antibodies' ability to opsonize them and boost phagocytosis is diminished. To clump fibrin on its surface, pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus produces clumping factor and cell-bound coagulase. Treponema pallidum, the cause of syphilis, binds fibronectin to its surface. Group A streptococci have the ability to synthesize hyaluronic acid into a capsule. Hyaluronic acid serves as the tissue cement (the ground substance) in connective tissue.

Sialic acid residues left by some pathogens on their surfaces can or do prevent phagocyte detection and complement component opsonization.

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Rock moves outward, A crack forms, Magma pushes upward, Magma hardens

Explanation:

On Mercury, for example, the sun sometimes moves in retrograde. As Mercury speeds through its closest approach to the sun, its orbital speed overtakes its rotational speed. ... Most of the large moons orbit in the same direction that their planet spins.

We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), are removing the Hawaiian hawk (io) (Buteo solitarius) from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act).

The grey wolf, for example, was once on the verge of extinction and was listed as endangered in the 1970s. In fact, the grey wolf is the only species that was deliberately brought to the brink of extinction because they were deemed to be pests that needed to be eradicated.

All Americans can be proud that, thanks to the ESA, the California condor, grizzly bear, Okaloosa darter, whooping crane, and black-footed ferret have all been saved from extinction.

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The phase of mitosis given by the letter 'C' here is Metaphase.

In the process of mitosis,  a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by division of the parent cell into two daughter cells. The term "mitosis" means " threads," and it is referred to the threadlike aspect of chromosomes as the cell prepares to divide. The process of mitosis consists of five morphologically distinct phases prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

The metaphase begins as soon as the prometaphase ends and then the chromosomes align along the cell equator. Every chromosome has at least two microtubules extending from its kinetochore with at least one microtubule hitched to each pole. At this particular juncture, the pressure within the cell becomes balanced, and the chromosomes no longer move back and forth. In addition, the spindle is now complete , and three groups of spindle microtubules are evident. Kinetochore microtubules attach the chromosomes to the spindle pole; interpolar microtubules extend from the spindle pole across the equator, nearly to the contrary spindle pole; and astral microtubules draw out from the spindle pole upto the cell membrane. One of the cell cycle checkpoints happens during prometaphase and metaphase.

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Cells in malignant tumors grow out of control and disperse locally and/or to distant places. Cancerous tumors are malignant tumors. They spread to distant areas via the circulation or the lymphatic system.

Thus, more rapid growth in size is one of the traits of malignant neoplasms. Anaplasia, or a lack of differentiation, is characterized by a propensity to infiltrate neighboring tissues.

Bone cancer (osteosarcoma and chordomas). brain malignancies like astrocytoma and glioblastoma. Sarcomas and malignant soft tissue tumors. organ cancers like pancreatic and lung cancer.

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Answer:

more

hope this helps

have a good day :)

Explanation:

if you were to have less of that type of activity you aren't going to risk getting as much if you have more partners.

Answer:

D.

Explanation:

In humans when the haploid sperm and egg cell join in fertilisation the resulting zygote has a total of 46 chromosomes the correct number to develop. By having gametes which are haploid, when the gametes combine, diploid cells are maintained.

Leafy sea dragons are not poisonous. They are considered to be relatively harmless to humans and are not known to cause any serious health effects.

They are also not harmful to other marine life and are typically not considered to be a threat to other species.

Leafy sea dragons, also known as Glauert's sea dragon, are marine fish that are native to the waters off the southern coast of Australia. They are closely related to seahorses and pipefish and are known for their unique leaf-like appendages that help them blend in with their surroundings.

While leafy sea dragons are not poisonous, they are considered to be a vulnerable species, due to the impacts of habitat loss, pollution, and overfishing. It is illegal to collect or harvest leafy sea dragons in Australia, and it is important to respect their natural habitat when observing them in the wild.

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Answer:

Go to the news feed, which is on the left when yu turn on the switch, scroll all the way down, then slowly scroll up until you see the news article that is titled: "how to transfer data."

brainliest please!

Hope this helps!

Answer:

"DRY MIX"

Dependent responding (variable) X axis

Manipulated independent (variable) Y axis

The drinks is the dependent variable because it "responds" to the temperature and is "dependent" on the temperature. The temperature determines the drinks sold-but the drinks sold doesn't determine the temperature.

The correct answer from each drop-down menu is gravitational force, potential energy to kinetic energy, and then conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy take place in this order.

During the energy transformation steps, when there is no frictional dissipation, we say that energy is conserved. That is, all potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy, and vice versa. The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system is called mechanics.

In this case, When a cat drops from a tree to the ground follows the gravitational force, while the conversion of up behind a mouse to obtain its food is the process of converting potential energy to kinetic energy. And at last, after eating its prey, the conversion inside the cat's body takes place the chemical energy to mechanical energy.

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Sunlight energy is the renewable source appropriate for the area we live.

Renewable energy refers to clean energy that comes from natural sources which are constantly replenished. For example, sunlight or wind. Our region gets sunlight with more intensity so we can conclude that sunlight is the energy source appropriate for our area.

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The documentation requirements for raw or partially cooked fish are designed to protect consumers and ensure that the fish is safe to eat.

When it comes to fish that will be eaten raw or partially cooked, there are certain special documentation requirements that must be met. First and foremost, the fish must be labeled as “sushi-grade” or “sashimi-grade,” indicating that it has been specifically prepared and handled for raw consumption. Additionally, the fish must be stored and transported at the correct temperatures to ensure that it remains fresh and safe to eat. In terms of documentation, there are a few key pieces of information that must be provided. This includes the name and location of the fishery or farm where the fish was sourced, as well as the date of harvest.

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The spicules are the structure that provides support and protection in the sponge wall.

Sponges are sessile animals that are adapted to capture and ingest prey from the surrounding water. Their body is adapted to this feeding strategy in several ways -
1. Porous body structure: Sponges have numerous pores, called ostia, which allow water to enter the sponge. This helps in the efficient capture of prey from the surrounding water.

2. Choanocytes: These specialized cells, also known as collar cells, have a flagellum that creates water currents, enabling water to flow through the sponge. As the water passes through, these cells capture food particles such as bacteria and plankton.

3. Central cavity (spongocoel) and osculum: The water containing nutrients and oxygen enters the central cavity (spongocoel) and flows out through a large opening called the osculum. This continuous water flow facilitates feeding and respiration. The structure that provides support and protection in the sponge wall is called the spicule. Spicules are made of either calcium carbonate or silica and form a skeleton-like structure within the sponge. These spicules give the sponge its shape, and stability, and protect it from potential predators.

In summary, sponges have a porous body structure with specialized choanocyte cells and a central cavity with an osculum for efficient feeding in their aquatic habitat. The spicules provide support and protection within the sponge wall.

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Answer:

Light → chemical → heat

Density is a physical property and the physical properties for the element platinum would be that platinum is silvery, metallic metal and very unreactive.

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a fossilized cell is discovered and evidence suggest it reproduced on its own and had dna but a membrane did not enclose its dna. this is more likely a prokaryotes.

Prokaryotes are creatures without a nucleus or other organelles in their cells. Bacteria and archaea, two separate groupings of prokaryotes with allegedly independent evolutionary histories, are separated into.

The majority of prokaryotes are tiny, single-celled creatures with a straightforward structure. Prokaryotic cells lack intrinsic membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm, while being surrounded by a plasma membrane. Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes, another type of creatures, in that they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

One circular DNA molecule, or chromosome, makes up the majority of the genetic material carried by prokaryotes. Prokaryotes have a nucleoid in the centre of the cell that houses the DNA but is not protected by a nuclear membrane. In addition to chromosomal DNA, many prokaryotes also possess smaller, circular DNA molecules known as plasmids, which can provide genetic benefits in particular situations.

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