how many common shares are pepsico authorized to issue in total? how many common shares were issued as of december 25, 2021? how many common shares are outstanding at that date? 3. make two entries for cash dividends declared and paid by pepsico during fiscal 2021. why might firms pay dividends? hint: cash dividends paid differ from cash dividends declared.
Answers
Regarding your second question, it's important to note that as my knowledge is up to September 2021, I cannot provide specific entries for cash dividends declared and paid by PepsiCo during fiscal 2021. Companies may pay dividends to distribute a portion of their earnings to shareholders as a return on their investment. Dividends are typically declared by the company's board of directors and are a way to share profits with shareholders.
Cash dividends declared refer to the amount of dividends announced by the company's board of directors to be distributed to shareholders. It represents the company's commitment to pay dividends. Cash dividends paid, on the other hand, refer to the actual disbursement of cash to shareholders. This occurs after the declaration date and is typically made through cash payments or electronic transfers.
About paymentsPayment is the voluntary surrender of money or an equivalent or something of value by one party to another in exchange for goods or services provided by them or to fulfill a legal obligation.
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Related Questions
short notes on the topic of price determination
Answers
Answer:
Determination of Prices means to determine the cost of goods sold and services rendered in the free market. In a free market, the forces of demand and supply determine the prices. ... For example, the Government has fixed the minimum selling price for the wheat.
Explanation:
there is your answer
If a property owner is willing to give a broker exclusive right to serve as a broker for the property, but wants to retain the right to sell it by him/herself, the owner will want a(n) ___ ___ listing contract.
Answers
If a property owner is willing to give a broker exclusive right to serve as a broker for the property, but wants to retain the right to sell it by him/herself, the owner will want a net listing contract.What is a net listing contract A net listing contract is a type of real estate brokerage agreement in which the seller specifies a minimum amount they will accept for the property, and the broker is entitled to keep all profits above that minimum amount.
The net listing contract is not legally binding in all jurisdictions and can result in conflicts of interest between the broker and the seller.Therefore, a net listing contract is a type of contract in which the seller provides a minimum acceptable selling price and any sale price beyond that goes to the broker. In a net listing agreement, the commission is the excess of the sale price over the minimum price set by the seller.
The risks are high, as it gives the broker the opportunity to make more than they would have if the client had set a fixed commission rate. The risks of the net listing contract are the possibility of the broker placing their own interests above the interests of the seller. In general, net listing contracts are highly discouraged and, in some jurisdictions, prohibited.
To conclude, if a property owner wants to give a broker exclusive right to serve as a broker for the property but still wants to retain the right to sell it by themselves, they will want a net listing contract.
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Please select all that are true: (can be multiple)
a) Advantages of an acquisition over an alliance include: acquiring capabilities and gaining control.
b) Advantages of an alliance over an acquisition include: sharing costs, learning skills, more easily reversed.
c) A firm whose competitive advantage is embedded in its intellectual property need NOT be concerned about leakage of that expertise to an alliance partner.
d) all of the above
Answers
The advantages of an acquisition over an alliance include: acquiring capabilities and gaining control and advantages of an alliance over an acquisition include: sharing costs, learning skills, and more easily reversed are true. Option (a) and (b) are correct
Let's discuss them one by one:
a) Advantages of an acquisition over an alliance include: acquiring capabilities and gaining control. This statement is true. Acquiring capabilities and gaining control are the advantages of an acquisition over an alliance. An acquisition is the process of taking over a company by another company. The company that is acquiring gets full control over the target company. This helps in gaining new capabilities, technologies, and resources that can be used for growth and expansion.
b) Advantages of an alliance over an acquisition include: sharing costs, and learning skills, and more easily reversed. This statement is also true. Sharing costs, learning skills, and more easily reversed are the advantages of an alliance over an acquisition. An alliance is a collaboration between two or more companies to achieve a common objective. By forming an alliance, companies can share their resources, knowledge, expertise, and skills. This helps in reducing the costs of production and increases efficiency.
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Objectives are needed in every area where performance and results affect the survival and prosperity of business. Explain any three objectives of business.
Answers
Answer:
The major objectives of a business include the following:
1. Profit
2. Growth
3. Stability
4. Efficiency
5. Survival
Explanation:
1. Profit: this is practically the number one objective of any business, to maximize profit as much as it can. In order words, not just to get back the investment capital, but to earn profit as well.
2. Growth: this involves growing bigger or having an expansion in the number of sales and markets generally. As a customer of a business increases, this is often lead to business growth and more money
3. Stability: to have the stability of operation, without occasional or unnecessary break down in mode of operation or production. This will help to keep the business moving.
The real rate is 2.8 percent and the nominal rate is 10.3 percent. What is the expected inflation premium
Answers
The expected inflation premium in this scenario is 7.5%. The expected inflation premium represents the compensation that investors require for the expected inflation rate over the term of the investment.
The expected inflation premium can be calculated by subtracting the real rate from the nominal rate. In this case, the nominal rate is 10.3 percent and the real rate is 2.8 percent. So, the expected inflation premium can be calculated as:
Expected inflation premium = Nominal rate - Real rate
Expected inflation premium = 10.3% - 2.8%
Expected inflation premium = 7.5%
Therefore, the expected inflation premium in this scenario is 7.5%. The expected inflation premium represents the compensation that investors require for the expected inflation rate over the term of the investment. It is important for investors to consider both the nominal rate and the real rate when making investment decisions, as inflation can erode the purchasing power of their returns. By understanding the expected inflation premium, investors can make more informed decisions about their investments and better protect their returns from the impact of inflation.
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select four functions of a healthcare social worker
Answers
Answer:
make home visitsexplain medical instructionsfacilities therapy groupsadvocate for patientsOn February 1, 2020, Coronado Industries factored receivables with a carrying amount of $720000 to Sandhill Company. Sandhill Company assesses a finance charge of 4% of the receivables and retains 6% of the receivables. Relative to this transaction, you are to determine the amount of loss on sale to be reported in the income statement of Coronado Industries for February. Assume that Coronado factors the receivables on a with recourse basis. The recourse obligation has a fair value of $3500. The loss to be reported is $28800. $32,300. $75,500. $43,200
Answers
Factoring receivables can be a way for companies to quickly convert their accounts receivable into cash. In this scenario, Coronado Industries factored receivables with a carrying amount of $720,000 to Sandhill Company. However, there are additional costs associated with factoring, including finance charges and retention fees. Sandhill Company assesses a finance charge of 4% of the receivables and retains 6% of the receivables. As a result, the amount of cash that Coronado receives is less than the carrying amount of the receivables.
To determine the amount of loss on sale to be reported in the income statement of Coronado Industries for February, we need to consider the recourse obligation and any other costs associated with the factoring. In this case, Coronado factors the receivables on a with recourse basis. The recourse obligation has a fair value of $3,500, which means that Coronado is still responsible for any unpaid debts if the debtor defaults.
After considering all costs and obligations, the loss to be reported in the income statement of Coronado Industries for February is $43,200. This represents the difference between the carrying amount of the receivables and the amount of cash received, plus any other fees and obligations. It is important for companies to carefully consider the costs and benefits of factoring receivables before making a decision.
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Wright Aircraft, Inc. Wright Aircraft is the global leading builder of long-haul jet aircraft for civilian aviation. Management expects the company to maintain its leadership for the foreseeable future. Wright is considering two projects to develop an improved engine control system to to improve fuel utilization (an important factor in airlines' aircraft purchase decisions). Cash flows due only to sales of the new system are included in Chapter 2. (Assume the projections reasonably reflect the facts of the case.) Project Lindbergh utilizes a revolutionary technology to increase fuel utilization 15%. Project Lindbergh's system can be used on all airline aircraft, whether purchased from Wright or its competitors, and on Wright's next product generation. Project Post utilizes an existing technology that promises to increase fuel utilization 5%. Project Post's system can be used on Wright aircraft only. What discount rate should you use for each project?
Project Lindbergh -(000s of $s) Chapter 1: R&D Phase Chapter 2: Launch and Commercialization Year ($7.500) ($6,000) ($3,500) ($1,500) $60,000 $125,000 $175,000 $235,000 Probability of Techical Success 35% 55% Stage Gate 1 - End of Year 2 - Satge Gate 2 - End of Year 4 Project Post (000s of $s) Year Chapter 1 Cash Flows Chapter 2: Launch and Commercialization 234 5678 ($5,500) ($3,000) ($1,500) $10,000 $20,000 $25,000 $35,000 $45,000 60% Probability of R&D Success (1 stage gate - end of Year 2)
Answers
A 25% discount rate for Project Lindbergh and 15% discount rate for Project Post are used.
How to depict the information?The question pertains to capital budgeting and the formula used to calculate Present Value (PV) of future Cash flows is (CFt / (1+r)^t) and NPV is the sum of PV of all future cash flows from t=1 to t=8.
Also,, the probability of success is given for both projects. In the first project, it is 0.35 multiplied by 0.55 and in the second Project, it is 60%.
The NPV should be multiplied by the probability of success in order to get the expected NPV from both projects. The expected NPV of Project 2 is higher than Project 1.
Therefore, the management should go ahead with Project 2.
The missing part of the question:
Project Lindbergh utilizes a revolutionary technology to increase fuel utilization 15%. Project Lindbergh's system can be used on all airline aircraft, whether purchased from Wright or its competitors, and on Wright's next product generation. Project Post utilizes an existing technology that promises to increase fuel utilization 5%. Project Post's system can be used on Wright aircraft only. please assume a 25% discount rate for Project Lindbergh and 15% discount rate for Project Post.
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why do start-up companies often have difficulty obtaining product liability insurance?
Answers
Start-up companies often have difficulty obtaining product liability insurance due to several factors. One of the primary reasons is that they lack a track record of producing safe and reliable products, which makes them a higher risk for insurers.
Start-ups may not have the necessary experience, processes, or quality control measures in place to mitigate the risks associated with manufacturing and distributing products. Another reason is that start-ups may be operating in high-risk industries, such as technology or medical devices, which require specialized coverage and expertise. Insurers may be hesitant to underwrite policies for start-ups in these industries due to the complexity and potential severity of the risks involved.
Finally, product liability insurance can be expensive, especially for start-ups with limited financial resources. The premiums may be prohibitively high, making it difficult for start-ups to afford coverage.
To overcome these challenges, start-ups should focus on building a strong safety culture, implementing quality control measures, and working with experienced insurance brokers to find the right coverage at a reasonable price.
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edward has a job that does not pay well but is personally meaningful. lisa, on the other hand, has a job that pays well but that bores her. what would the research on motivation predict?
Answers
Edward will be more joyful and perform better since he has high characteristic inspiration would the examination on inspiration foresee.
A kind of market research called motivational research tries to find out what really drives, wants, and needs people. Observation, in-depth interviews, and focus groups are all common methods for studying motivation.
Observation, focus groups, and depth interviews are the three most common methods of motivational research. Hypotheses about human motivations can be derived from observation in a productive manner. This method was first developed by anthropologists.
Motivation is a psychological phenomenon that comes from within an individual. A person experiences a lack of certain needs, which he perceives as necessitating more work. A person is motivated to perform better than he normally does by the need-satisfying ego.
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students have to change buildings between classes, which often involves walks of 5 minutes or more. walking from one building to another is
Answers
Answer:
about 7 - 10 minutes
Explanation:
A business chartered by a state that legally operates as a separate entity from the owner(s) is called _____. a. franchise b. sole proprietorship c. partnership d. corporation
Answers
Answer:
D. Corporation
Explanation:
I majored in Business.
Answer:
The answer is D. corporation
Explanation:
I am taking the test but A corporation is a business chartered by a state that legally operates as a separate entity from the owner.
Prepare a short report about the importance of hotel management.
Answers
Answer:
Having a hotel management degree can help you get a lucrative entry position in food or beverage service, accounts, restaurant service, executive housekeeping, marketing, or other departments within a hotel
You have become a trusted resource for your organization, and they have asked for your advice on gaining a competitive advantage in the field. More specifically, they would like your analysis and recommendations on ways to bring their company culture, demographics, and technologies up to current industry practices and beyond. Review the demographic and technological information about your company. If the information is not public, base your decisions on a similar company and research. This information will assist you as you complete your Organizational Presentation in Step 2 of this assessment.
Answers
Improving company culture, demographics, and technologies can contribute to gaining a competitive advantage.
To enhance company culture, it is essential to foster an environment that values employee engagement, collaboration, and innovation.
This can be achieved through initiatives such as promoting open communication channels, encouraging continuous learning and professional development, recognizing and rewarding employee achievements, and creating a diverse and inclusive workplace culture.
In terms of demographics, it is important to have a workforce that reflects the diversity of the customer base and target market. This can be achieved through targeted recruitment and hiring practices, implementing diversity and inclusion programs, and providing equal opportunities for career growth and advancement.
Regarding technology, staying up to date with current industry practices and adopting cutting-edge technologies can give your organization a competitive edge. This may include investing in cloud computing, data analytics, artificial intelligence, automation, and digital transformation initiatives.
It is crucial to regularly assess technological needs, conduct market research, and invest in training and development to ensure employees have the necessary skills to leverage these technologies effectively.
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Suppose that the price of oranges
increases from $1 to $1.10 per pound
and the quantity demanded falls from
1000 pounds to 800 pounds.
A. Calculate the price elasticity of
demand when price changes from
$1.to $1.10.
B. Are oranges elastic or inelastic at
this price point? Explain your
answer.
C. What happens to total revenue for
orange sellers when the price of
oranges increases a few cents
above $1 (total revenue increases,
decreases, stays the same, cannot
be determined)? Explain your
answer and why..
D. Assume that the demand for
oranges is a straight line, Calculate
its equation in terms of price (p)
and quantity (q).
Answers
The price elasticity of demand is -2.
B. Oranges are elastic at this price point because the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1. A price elasticity of demand value greater than 1 means that a change in price leads to a proportionally larger change in quantity demanded.
What is the price elasticity about?A. The price elasticity of demand can be calculated using the formula:
% change in quantity demanded / % change in price
The percentage change in price is:
(1.10-1)/1 * 100%
= 10%
The percentage change in quantity demanded is:
(800-1000)/1000 * 100% = -20%
Using these values in the formula, we get:
-20% / 10% = -2
Therefore, the price elasticity of demand is -2.
C. Total revenue is calculated as the price of oranges multiplied by the quantity sold. When the price of oranges increases, the quantity demanded decreases. The effect on total revenue depends on the price elasticity of demand. If demand is elastic (as it is in this case), the decrease in quantity demanded will be proportionally larger than the increase in price, so total revenue will decrease. Therefore, total revenue decreases when the price of oranges increases a few cents above $1.
D. We know that the demand for oranges falls from 1000 pounds to 800 pounds when the price increases from $1 to $1.10. Using the two points, we can find the slope of the straight line as:
(800-1000)/(1.10-1) = -200/0.1 = -2000
This gives us the slope of the line, which is also the coefficient of price (p) in the demand equation. Using the point-slope form of a line, we can find the equation of the line as:
q - 1000 = -2000(p - 1)
Simplifying, we get:
q = -2000p + 3000
Therefore, the equation of the demand curve for oranges is q = -2000p + 3000, where q is the quantity demanded and p is the price of oranges.
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What types of planning can be done to improve a nation’s economy?
A nation can undergo ____ planning or ___ planning in order to improve its economy.
Answers
Answer:
A nation can undergo long-term planning or constructive planning in order to improve its economy. Long-term planning involves setting goals and implementing policies that will have an impact over a period of several years. This type of planning may involve investments in education, infrastructure, and research and development, among other areas. Constructive planning involves implementing policies that encourage economic growth and development, such as reducing barriers to trade, promoting entrepreneurship and innovation, and investing in key industries. These types of planning can help a nation to create jobs, increase productivity, and improve living standards for its citizens. THANK YOUThe public power company is an example of which market structure?
A. Perfect competition
B. Monopolistic competition
C. Oligopoly
D. Monopoly
Answers
Answer:
D. Monopoly
Explanation:
A monopoly is a market structure which is typically characterized by a single-seller who sells a unique product in the market by dominance. Thus, it is a market structure wherein the seller has no competitor because he is solely responsible for the sale of unique products without close substitutes. Any individual that deals with the sales of unique products in a monopolistic market is generally referred to as a monopolist.
Hence, the public power company is an example of a monopoly because they serve as the only power utility provider to the public.
Additionally, a public power company refers to a company that provides power (electricity) utility to the general public of a society.
You are a manager of a U.S. firm that plans on exporting a product that is designated as a dual use product and you need to have a U.S. government approval before export can take place. What is the political motive behind this intervention?
A.
To ensure that other nations allow free trade
B.
To protect jobs from going to China
C.
To gain and maintain control over events in the Western Hemisphere
D.
To protection national identity
E.
To preserve national security
Answers
The correct option is E. To preserve national security. The political motive behind the U.S. government's intervention in requiring approval for the export of a dual-use product is to preserve national security (Option E).
National security is a primary concern for governments worldwide, and controlling the export of certain goods is one way to safeguard a nation's interests and protect its citizens.
Dual-use products are those that have both civilian and military applications. They can be used for peaceful purposes but also have the potential to be used for military or defense-related activities. Due to their nature, the export of such products requires careful scrutiny to prevent them from falling into the wrong hands or being used against national security interests.
By imposing restrictions and requiring government approval for the export of dual-use products, the U.S. government aims to control the flow of these goods and ensure they do not end up in the hands of unauthorized entities or hostile nations. This helps prevent the proliferation of advanced technologies and capabilities that could potentially be used against the United States or its allies.
Preserving national security is crucial for a country's overall stability, defense capabilities, and protection of its citizens. It involves safeguarding sensitive technologies, strategic resources, and critical infrastructure from potential threats. The government's intervention in controlling the export of dual-use products is a proactive measure to mitigate risks and protect national security interests.
While other factors, such as protecting jobs (Option B) or national identity (Option D), may be important considerations in certain policy decisions, they are not the primary political motives behind the government's intervention in this case. The protection of jobs and preservation of national identity can be pursued through other means, such as trade policies or domestic regulations, but the export control of dual-use products primarily revolves around national security concerns.
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Discount Store, a retail business, keeps a $200 change fund in its cash register. If Discount started business on September 29 and had cash sales per the cash register on that day of $700, but the cash count showed $904, then the cash register was:
Answers
The cash sales per the cash register on September 29 amounted to $700. However, during the cash count, it was discovered that there was $904 in the register. To determine the discrepancy, we can subtract the recorded cash sales from the actual cash count: $904 - $700 = $204.
To determine the discrepancy in the cash register, we need to compare the recorded cash sales with the actual cash count:
Recorded cash sales per the cash register: $700
Actual cash count: $904
To find the difference, we subtract the recorded cash sales from the actual cash count:
$904 - $700 = $204
Therefore, the cash register was short $204.
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What is the science that studies trends and changes in human populations?
A. Cohorts
B. Statistics
O c. Technology
D. Demography
Answers
Answer:
The answer to your question is D.
Demography is the statistical study of trends and changes in human populations. Thus, the correct option is D). Demography.
What is Demography?
Demography refers to the statistical study of human population. It includes the study of human populations and population changes and trends by using different resources such as statistics of births, deaths, income and disease.
Demography is the scientific study which is important to understand the structure of a population in order to plan health and public health interventions, to know how far the growth rate of the economy is keeping pace with the growth rate of population etc.
Demographers are those researchers who conduct demographic analysis by using census data, surveys, and statistical models to analyze the size, movement, and structure of populations.
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identify each point as supporting either matthew desmond’s contention that eviction can cause poverty or the alternative argument that it does not.
Answers
Eviction causes poverty was a statement that was made by Desmond in 2015 to support his claim that eviction isn't a consequence of poverty but rather, a cause.
You did not give the full information as you didn't provide the points. Therefore, an overview of Desmond's statement will be given.
According to Desmond, eviction is a cause of poverty, not a consequence of poverty. He stated that housing costs are increasing due to poor renting households and this places people at the risk of eviction.
He further stated that the risks of eviction has several negative health, economic, and housing outcomes.
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in the formula for a minimum transfer price, opportunity cost is the contribution margin of goods sold externally.True or false?
Answers
The statement "In the formula for a minimum transfer price, opportunity cost is the contribution margin of goods sold externally" is true.
The minimum transfer price should be determined by considering the opportunity cost of transferring the goods internally rather than selling them externally. This opportunity cost is represented by the contribution margin of goods sold externally, which is the difference between the selling price and the variable cost per unit. By including the contribution margin in the calculation, the minimum transfer price ensures that the selling division is not worse off when transferring goods internally compared to selling them externally.
A company that transfers goods between multiple divisions needs to establish a transfer price so that each division can track its own efficiency. Companies will use various methods to determine the minimum transfer price, factoring in different costs related to production and what the goods would normally sell for in the retail marketplace.
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what is the difference between the turbo button and the victim button
Answers
turbo victim: A button inside your head and heart. You press it any time you give away the power you have to change your life
Buster has had a serious medical condition for many months. He has used up all of his sick leave and vacation days, as well as 10 weeks of intermittent Family Medical Leave Act leave. He asks for an additional two weeks off. Which of the following is true? A. Buster's employer can fire him because he wants to take more leave B. Buster cannot be fired for reasons aside from his need to take leave. C. Buster cannot take any more leave if he has also used up his sick leave and vacation days. D. Buster is entitled to the leave he is asking for.
Answers
Answer:
C. Buster cannot take any more leave if he has also used up his sick leave and vacation days.
Explanation:
Buster has used up all the sick leaves and the vacation leaves and is asking for additional two more weeks off even after taking the ten-week of intermediate family leave he should be not allowed to take more leaves. Through he cannot be fired due to his serious condition but if he has finished all the sick leaves he should not be given.Answer:
b
Explanation:
which sector require joint or collaborative works in our communities
Answers
Answer:
Collaborative working can last for a fixed length of time or can form a permanent arrangement. What these options have in common is that they involve some sort of exchange, for mutual advantage, that ultimately benefits end users.
Types of collaborative working
Separate organisations maintain their independence, but work jointly on some activities or functions
Organisations with resources or expertise offer assistance to other organisations, eg a large national organisation working with a small local group
A new organisation to do joint work on some activities or functions
A group structure where a 'parent' organisation governs a group of 'subsidiary' organisations
Merger to form a new organisation working as one body on all activities
Explanation:
the marginal cost of the 5th unit of output group of answer choices is $20. is $50. is $30. cannot be determined from the information provided. is $36.
Answers
The marginal cost of the 5th unit of output cannot be determined from the information provided.
The marginal cost of the 5th unit of output cannot be determined from the information provided. Marginal cost is the cost of producing one additional unit of output. To calculate it, we need to know the cost of producing each unit of output. In this case, the information only provides the cost of the 5th unit, which is $20.
However, we don't have any information about the costs of the previous units. Without knowing the costs of the previous units, we cannot calculate the change in cost from the 4th unit to the 5th unit, and therefore we cannot determine the marginal cost of the 5th unit. Hence, the correct answer is that the marginal cost of the 5th unit of output cannot be determined from the given information.
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Describe a situation in which a person allowed a stereotype related to age to affect something that was said or done. The situation can be a real one you have witnessed or one you have read about or seen on TV.
Answers
A situation where a person has allowed an age-related stereotype to affect something that was said or done could be a woman struggling to enter the workforce because of her age.
What is ageism?It corresponds to a type of prejudice existing in society, where the individual is negatively characterized according to her age, and this can affect both social and professional life.
Therefore, all forms of prejudice must be extinguished, be it racial, gender or age prejudice, as is the case with ageism, because every individual must be respected as he is.
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Does the Way Your Classroom Is Decorated Affect Your Learning?
Answers
A firm has publicly traded common stock with a current market price of $100 per share. the firm just recently paid a $5.24 annual dividend and just 4 years ago paid a $4.00 annual dividend on its outstanding common stock. the firm is about to issue new common stock at an offer price of $98 per share and will incur flotation costs of $1 per share. the cost of capital for this new issue of common stock is .
Answers
The WACC can then be calculated by taking the weighted average of the cost of debt and cost of equity, which in this case gives a WACC of 1.10.
The cost of capital for this new issue of common stock is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). WACC is calculated by taking the weighted average of the after-tax cost of debt and the cost of equity.
The cost of debt can be calculated by subtracting the value of the flotation costs (1) from the offer price (98) and then dividing by the current market price (100) to give a cost of debt of 0.97. The cost of equity can be calculated by taking the dividend yield (5.24/100) and subtracting the growth rate (4.00/100) to give a cost of equity of 1.24.
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the following are examples of confirmation bias except: question 3 options: making a risky decision despite being loss averse. overweighting possible outcomes that are consistent with your goals. attributing problem solutions consistent with your previous perceptions. expecting the stock to perform well after you buy it without considering altenratives.
Answers
The example which do not reflect Confirmation Bias is (a) making a risky decision despite being loss averse, because being loss averse does not necessarily mean that a person cannot make risky decisions.
Confirmation bias is defined as a cognitive bias that involves seeking, interpreting, and recalling information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs, values, or hypotheses.
The following are examples of confirmation bias:
Option(b) : Overweighting possible outcomes that are consistent with your goals -
This example illustrates confirmation bias because it involves giving more weight to information that confirms your preexisting beliefs or goals, while ignoring or downplaying information that contradicts them.
Option(c) : Attributing problem solutions consistent with your previous perceptions -
This example illustrates confirmation bias because it involves interpreting information in a way that confirms your preexisting beliefs or perceptions, while ignoring or downplaying information that contradicts them.
Option(d) : Expecting the stock to perform well after you buy it without considering alternatives -
This example illustrates confirmation bias because it involves selectively looking for information that confirms your preexisting beliefs or expectations, while ignoring or downplaying information that contradicts them.
Therefore, only option(a) do not represent a confirmation bias.
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The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
The following are examples of confirmation bias except:
(a) making a risky decision despite being loss averse.
(b) overweighting possible outcomes that are consistent with your goals.
(c) attributing problem solutions consistent with your previous perceptions.
(d) expecting the stock to perform well after you buy it without considering alternatives.