how is germany being punished in article 231 of the treaty of versailles?
Answers
Answer:
El artículo 231, más conocido como la cláusula de culpabilidad de la guerra, fue el primer artículo de la sección dedicada a las reparaciones dentro del Tratado de Versalles, que puso el punto final a la Primera Guerra Mundial, en la que se enfrentaron el Imperio alemán y las potencias aliadas y asociadas. No se empleó la palabra «culpabilidad» para la redacción del artículo, pero este sirvió como base legal para obligar a Alemania a pagar en concepto de reparaciones de guerra.
El artículo fue uno de los puntos más polémicos del tratado. Especificaba lo siguiente:
Los gobiernos aliados y asociados declaran, y Alemania reconoce, la responsabilidad de Alemania y sus aliados por haber causado todos los daños y pérdidas a los cuales los gobiernos aliados y asociados se han visto sometidos como consecuencia de la guerra impuesta a ellos por la agresión de Alemania y sus aliados.
Alemania se tomó esta cláusula como una humillación nacional, ya que la obligaba a asumir la responsabilidad total del inicio de la guerra. Los políticos alemanes expresaron su rechazo en un intento de granjearse simpatías internacionales, mientras que los historiadores de ese mismo país trabajaron para minar el artículo con el objetivo de desvirtuar el tratado en su conjunto. A los líderes aliados les sorprendió la reacción de los alemanes, puesto que ellos veían la cláusula como la mera base legal para conseguir una compensación de manos de Alemania. El artículo, tras un cambio en el nombre de los firmantes, se incluyó también en los tratados firmados por las Potencias Centrales, que no veían la cláusula con el mismo desprecio que los alemanes. El diplomático estadounidense John Foster Dulles —uno de los dos encargados de la redacción— se arrepintió más tarde de haber usado tales términos, ya que creía que agraviaban a la población alemana en demasía.
En general, los historiadores están de acuerdo en el hecho de que ni responsabilidad ni culpa iban adjuntas al artículo. En cambio, la cláusula era un prerrequisito para permitir, con base legal, los pagos en concepto de reparaciones que se iban a exigir. Los historiadores también subrayan el daño que la cláusula provocó de manera inintencionada, ya que impregnó de rabia y rencor a la población alemana.
Explanation:
Espero te ayude :)
Answer:Article 231, better known as the war guilt clause, was the first article in the section dedicated to reparations within the Treaty of Versailles, which put an end to the First World War, in which the Empire faced German and the Allied and Associated Powers. The word "guilt" was not used in the wording of the article, but it served as the legal basis for forcing Germany to pay war reparations.
The article was one of the most contentious points of the treaty. It specified the following:
The Allied and Associated Governments declare, and Germany acknowledges, the responsibility of Germany and her Allies for having caused all damages and losses to which the Allied and Associated Governments have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed on them by the aggression of Germany and its allies.
Germany took this clause as a national humiliation, since it forced it to assume full responsibility for the start of the war. German politicians expressed their rejection in an attempt to garner international sympathy, while German historians worked to undermine the article with the aim of undermining the treaty as a whole. Allied leaders were surprised by the German reaction, since they saw the clause as the mere legal basis for obtaining compensation at the hands of Germany. The article, after a change in the name of the signatories, was also included in the treaties signed by the Central Powers, who did not view the clause with the same contempt as the Germans. American diplomat John Foster Dulles—one of the two editors—later regretted using such terms, as he believed they offended the German population too much.
In general, historians agree on the fact that neither responsibility nor guilt was attached to the article. Instead, the clause was a prerequisite to allow, on a legal basis, the reparations payments to be demanded. Historians also underline the damage that the clause unintentionally caused, since it imbued the German population with anger and resentment.
Explanation:
Related Questions
What were some of the differences between the American and French Revolution?
Answers
Answer:
Country. Location is a key difference between the two wars. The American Revolution took place in a colony an ocean away from its ruling monarchy in Britain. The French Revolution took place within France itself, an action that directly threatened the French monarchy.....
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What problems did the patricians cause for Rome's common people during the early republic?
A. Patricians refused to pay taxes because they could not be senators.
B. Patricians always served as consuls and executed the laws unfairly.
C. Patricians demanded that the plebeians give them political power.
D. Patricians held the political power and did not want to allow the common people a voice in government.
Answers
Answer:
D. Patricians held the political power and did not want to allow the common people a voice in government.
Answer:
D. Patricians held the political power and did not want to allow the common people a voice in government.
Explanation:
Summarize the significant foreign policies associated with each of these presidents:
Washington, Monroe, Theodore Roosevelt, Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt, Reagan, Clin-ton, and George W. Bush.
Answers
Here is a summary of the significant foreign policies associated with each of these presidents:
George Washington: He pursued a policy of neutrality and warned against entangling alliances in his farewell address.
James Monroe: The Monroe Doctrine declared that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to European colonization and intervention.
Theodore Roosevelt: He pursued a policy of aggressive expansionism, intervening in the Caribbean and Central America to protect American interests.
Woodrow Wilson: He advocated for a policy of international cooperation and played a key role in the formation of the League of Nations.
Franklin Roosevelt: He pursued a policy of internationalism, supporting collective security and leading the United States into World War II.
Ronald Reagan: He pursued a policy of anti-communism and military buildup, leading to the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Bill Clinton: He pursued a policy of engagement with China and worked to expand trade, but also led military interventions in Bosnia and Kosovo.
George W. Bush: He pursued a policy of aggressive military intervention, leading to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and also pursued a policy of promoting democracy and human rights in the Middle East.
What risk does vanderbilt take at the height of his shipping career just before the civil war?.
Answers
Sells his shipping and goes to the railroad does vanderbilt take at the height of his shipping career just before the civil war.
What is civil war?
The American Civil War was a civil war that took place in the United States. It was fought between the US and the Confederacy, which was created by secessionist states. The major reason of the war was a disagreement over whether slavery would be allowed to extend into western regions, resulting in more slave states, or whether it would be prohibited, putting slavery on a path to extinction. Within its borders, the Confederacy captured US forts and other government assets.
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What is a major barrier to travel on Central Africa's main rivers
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The country of Canmerica is very divided ideologically - politics in the south leans "leans" and the north is dominated by supporters of the "new right". Should the current central government deploy nationalism to help citizens overcome these differences and find common ground? Why? Why not?
Answers
The country of Canmerica is very divided ideologically - politics in the south leans "leans" and the north is dominated by supporters of the "new right". The current central government should not deploy nationalism to help citizens overcome these differences and find common ground.
The current central government should not deploy nationalism to help citizens overcome these differences and find common ground. This is because nationalism is all about being proud of one's nation and promoting its interests above everything else. While nationalism might help citizens feel a sense of belonging to their country, it also has the potential to promote division and hatred towards other nations and groups, thereby further exacerbating the ideological differences and making it harder for citizens to find common ground. Instead, the central government should focus on promoting unity and respect for diversity among citizens. This can be done by encouraging dialogue between the different ideological groups, promoting understanding and tolerance of different viewpoints, and investing in education and programs that promote empathy and social cohesion. By doing so, the central government of Canmerica can help citizens overcome their differences (of south leans "leans" and north "new right") find common ground in their shared values and aspirations.
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Most European slave traders
Select the best answer from the choices provided.
ОА.
were pirates based in the Caribbean
OB. operated legally and paid taxes regularly
Ос. were explorers from Portugal
OD. worked for companies chartered by European governments
Answers
Answer: D. Worked for companies chartered by European governments.
Explanation:
Slave traders were regular employees of European companies owned by governments. It was a perfectly legal business at the time that the Europeans fully supported. That economic policy has been in place for hundreds of years. Thus, over a million slave labour was transported across the Atlantic. The largest governments in the world owned huge corporations that employed large numbers of people.
during the nineteenth century, the sherman antitrust act group of answer choices was never used at all. successfully dissolved the ten largest corporations in the united states. failed to pass either house of congress. was declared unconstitutional by the supreme court. was used by big business to break up unions and strikes.
Answers
Option (d), Big industry exploited the Sherman Antitrust Act to suppress unions and strikes during the nineteenth century.
What was the principal shortcoming of the Sherman Antitrust Act?Some of its critics complained that it didn't define words like "combination," "conspiracy," "monopoly," and "trust." Restrictive legal definitions of what constituted trade or interstate commerce were another factor pushing against it.
To what goal was the Sherman Antitrust Act created?The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 is a piece of federal legislation that forbids conduct that restricts interstate trade and market competition. Any contract, understanding between parties, or coalition of business interests that restricts domestic or foreign trade is prohibited.
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The complete question is:
During the nineteenth century, the Sherman Antitrust Act
A) successfully dissolved the ten largest corporations in the US
B) was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
C) was never used at all
D) was used by big business to break up unions and strikes
E) failed to pass either house of congress
What is a good quote on Social Responsibility/Civic Engagement that was stated by a historical figure between 1776 and 1877
Answers
Answer: A quote by Thomas Jefferson in 1820:
"I know of no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves; and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but inform their discretion."
Explanation:
This quote is about entrusting the American people with the "ultimate powers" by allowing them to vote and have a say in that destiny. If the people cannot exercise proper control, then Jefferson suggests that they should be reminded of that responsibility rather than taking it away (like other forms of government). This statement is the essence of democratic social responsibility.
How is the success of an interest group measured?
A. Whether private businesses change their practices in response to
pressure
OB. How many members it can sign up
C. Whether the government changes its policy
D. How many citizens vote for the group's preferred party
SUBMIT
Answers
The success of an interest group can be measured Option a. Whether private businesses change their practices in response to pressure and Option c. Whether the government changes its policy
Option A: Whether private businesses change their practices in response to pressure. This measure focuses on the ability of an interest group to influence the behavior of private entities, such as corporations, through advocacy and public pressure. If an interest group successfully persuades businesses to alter their practices in line with the group's objectives, it can be seen as a sign of success.
Option C: Whether the government changes its policy. This measure assesses the impact of an interest group's advocacy on government decision-making. If a group can effectively lobby policymakers and achieve policy changes aligned with its goals, it demonstrates success in influencing the political process.
Option B: How many members it can sign up. While the number of members an interest group can attract is an important factor, it alone may not provide a comprehensive measure of success. A large membership base can enhance the group's influence and resources, but the effectiveness of the group's actions and achievements is more indicative of success.
Option D: How many citizens vote for the group's preferred party. While electoral support for a party associated with an interest group can be an indirect reflection of the group's influence, it is not the most direct measure of success for the group itself. An interest group's impact extends beyond party politics and can be assessed through its ability to shape policies, public opinion, and the behavior of private entities.
In summary, the success of an interest group is typically measured by its ability to bring about changes in private practices and government policies that align with its objectives, rather than simply focusing on the number of members or electoral support. Therefore the correct option is A and C
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2.
PART A: How does President Reagan's language change in paragraph 9?
A
The language is darker.
B
The language is simpler.
C
The language is more cheerful.
D
The language is more inspiring.
3.
PART B: Which detail from paragraph 9 best supports the answer to Part A?
A
“I know it's hard to understand…” ( Paragraph 9)
B
“…sometimes, painful things like this happen.” ( Paragraph 9)
C
“The future doesn't belong to the fainthearted…” ( Paragraph 9)
D
“…we'll continue to follow them.” ( Paragraph 9)
Answers
Which event occurs in 1763?
x The Sugar Act is passed.
The Boston Massacre occurs.
The Treaty of Paris is signed.
Answers
Answer:
Ending the Seven Year’s War, also known as the French and Indian War in North America. France ceded all mainland North American territories, except New Orleans, in order to retain her Caribbean sugar islands. Britain gained all territory east of the Mississippi River; Spain kept territory west of the Mississippi, but exchanged East and West Florida for Cuba.
Explanation:
here
Answer:
The Treaty of Paris.
Explanation:
I hope I answered it correctly for what you were asking for specifically :)
2. The Hutu and Tutsis are the two
Rwandan
0)
O political parties
O Presidential candidates
O ethnic groups created by
Europeans
O armies that prevented the genocide
Answers
Answer:
ethnic groups created by Europeans
Explanation:
Answer:
They are ethnic groups created by Europeans.
what lesson can readers learn from this text? cite several examples of text to support your argument
Answers
use what you have learned about historical conflicts to craft a set of guidelines thats articulate.
When and how the United States should intervene in conflicts around the world.
Present these guidelines in the form of a proposal to a congressional committee
Answers
The United States should intervene in conflicts around the world if it aligns with the country's interests. The intervention should be a last resort after diplomacy and other methods have failed.
The United States should use its military might and resources to intervene in conflicts around the world only when it is in the national interest. The country should prioritize diplomacy and other non-military methods to resolve conflicts before resorting to military intervention. The intervention should be a last resort after all other options have failed. The country should also consider the potential consequences of its intervention, including the impact on civilians and the potential for long-term instability.
It is important to work with other nations and international organizations to address global conflicts. In crafting a set of guidelines for when and how the United States should intervene in conflicts around the world, the focus should be on protecting national interests while minimizing the risk of harm to civilians and the long-term consequences of military intervention. This proposal should be presented to a congressional committee for consideration.
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do you think Timbuktu is worth preserving
Answers
Answer:
Yes, as it has historical value and is treasured landmark
Explanation:
John Cabot discovered what we now know as the East Coast of the United States in 1497 and claimed it for Great Britain, but they did not colonize the area for more than 100 years. Why was there such a long gap?
A. They didn’t want to settle there until they could bring slaves.
B. They were waiting to see if the Native Americans would leave the area.
C. They were too poor.
D. They were busy with dozens of other colonies.
Answers
Answer:
D. They were busy with dozens of other colonies.
Explanation:
The reason why it took more than 100 years for Great Britain to colonize the East Coast of the United States after John Cabot discovered it in 1497 is that colonization efforts began in the late 16th century with failed attempts by England to establish permanent colonies in the North.
It was not until the early 17th century that successful colonies were established in Virginia and Massachusetts.
I hope this helps
When was the first black student union founded?
Answers
Answer:
The first black student union was founded in 1966 at San Francisco State University.
between 1950 and the mid-1990s, the united states experienced a much larger increase in the standard of living than the soviet union. this difference can be most attributed to the fact that the u.s._______
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Between 1950 and the mid-1990s, the United States experienced a much larger increase in the standard of living than the Soviet Union. This difference can be most attributed to the fact that the U.S. embraced capitalism while the Soviet Union embraced communism.
Capitalism is an economic system in which resources and businesses are controlled and owned by individuals. Individuals have the right to make their own decisions about how to allocate their resources and what to produce. This competition creates an incentive for businesses to innovate and become more efficient. Communism is an economic system in which the government owns and controls all resources and businesses. The government makes all decisions about what to produce, how to allocate resources, and how to distribute goods and services.
There is no competition, so there is little incentive for businesses to innovate or become more efficient. In conclusion, the United States experienced a much larger increase in the standard of living than the Soviet Union due to the fact that the U.S. embraced capitalism while the Soviet Union embraced communism.
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Describe how 2 French kings increased royal power.
Answers
Answer:
1. Phillip Augustus
-appointed middle-class officials
-new national tax
-expanded French land
2. Louis IX
-checked on local administrators
-expanded royal courts
-outlawed private wars
-ended serfdom
You are swinging a ball (weighing 188673 mg) around on a rope. The rope is 556 centimeters long. It takes 4.33 seconds for the ball to make one complete rotation. What is the force felt by the ball?
Answers
Explanation:
We can think of tension in a given rope as T = (m × g) + (m × a), where "g" is the acceleration due to the gravity of any objects the rope is supporting and "a" is any other acceleration on any objects the rope is supporting.
What does it mean for a religion to be
monotheistic?
A. Gods are known to be half-human.
B. There are no gods.
C. There are many gods.
D. There is only one god.
Answers
Answer:
D.) There is only one god
Explanation:
Monotheistic religions share the belief that there is only one god. For this reason, D.) is the best answer.
Polytheistic religions believe in many gods. Atheistic religions believe that there is no god. There are some religions that believe in half-human gods, though these religions tend to be polytheistic.
Which new state was created as a direct result of the Civil War?
O California
O Missouri
O West Virginia
South Dakota
Answers
Answer is :
West Virginia is the only state formed because of the Civil War.
Explanation
West Virginia is the only state formed because of the Civil War. Just as North battled South in the country, West confronted East in Virginia. The two regions formed a single state in name, but not in geography, economy, climate, descent of its residents or way of life.
What was one DIRECT effect of the business practice discussed in this excerpt?
Answers
The business practice discussed in this excerpt is monopolization. Monopolization is the act of acquiring complete control of the market for a specific commodity or service. This could happen when a business or an individual gains so much control of a particular sector that no other competitor can survive.
Thereby making them the only provider of such a commodity or service. Monopolization practices can come in different forms like price fixing, merger, and acquisition of other businesses, market exclusion, etc. In the excerpt, the monopolization of the telegraph by the Western Union company was discussed, which is an excellent example of the damaging effect of monopolization on the economy.
One DIRECT effect of the business practice of monopolization is that it hinders competition. The business world thrives on competition, which drives innovation and product quality. In a monopolistic market, the provider becomes the only option available for customers, giving them absolute control over the market price and quantity. As a result, they no longer have any incentives to improve the product or provide quality service since they are the only available option. Consumers have to bear the brunt of paying high prices and receiving poor quality service or products. In summary, monopolization stifles competition, which is the lifeblood of the economy and hinders innovation, leading to poor-quality service and high prices for customers.
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Can someone do this for me please? And make it detailed
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The Second Great Awakening, immigration, and social reform movements of the 1800s were interconnected because they shaped the United States into its current form today.
What shaped the United States ?The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that swept across the United States in the early 19th century, leading to a renewed interest in religion and spiritualism. Immigration also had a significant impact on American society in the 1800s.
The social reform movements of the 1800s, including abolitionism, women's suffrage, and temperance, were also interconnected with the Second Great Awakening and immigration.
Today, the impact of the Second Great Awakening, immigration, and social reform movements can still be seen in American society. The United States is a diverse and multicultural society, shaped in part by the contributions of immigrants from around the world. The fight for social justice and equality, which began with the reform movements of the 1800s, continues today, as people work to address issues of racial and gender inequality, immigration reform, and other important social issues.
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Which of the following correctly represents the areas controlled by European countries on the map?
Answers
Answer:
D: A, France B, England C. Spain D, Portugal
Explanation:
I majored in History.
3. Which of the following statements is true?
-The Boston Tea Party was prompted by the British charging more money for British tea than other tea.
-The Boston Tea Party was prompted by the British charging less money for British tea than other tea.
-The Boston Tea Party was prompted by events that were unrelated to tea.
-All of the above
Answers
Answer:
The Boston Tea Party was prompted by the British charging more money for British tea than other tea.
Explanation:
25 POINTS!!!!!1.
What are some of the major provisions of the Northwest Ordinance? How
could a territory become a state?
Answers
Explanation:
The following three principal provisions were ordained in the document: (1) a division of the Northwest Territory into "not less than three nor more than five States"; (2) a three-stage method for admitting a new state to the Union—with a congressionally appointed governor, secretary, and three judges to rule in the ...
Answer:
"As the first step toward statehood, each territory had to appoint a governor, a secretary, and three judges. Second, as soon as there were five thousand male residents in the territory, they could elect a legislature and a delegate to Congress." (encyclopedia.com)
Explanation:
To what does the writer compare the United States in this paragraph? Hell A model of heaven A utopian society
Answers
Answer:
the answer is hell
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer is A) Hell
Explanation:
I got it correct
Choose all of the items that are associated with Eugene V. Debs.
es )
A) never held elected office
B) arrested for speaking out against war in World War I
C) emigrated to the Soviet Union after the end of World War I
D) was a socialist candidate for President of the United States
E) received over 3% of the popular vote when running for President while in
prison
Answers
Answer:
B,D,E
Explanation:
DONE ON USA
The items that are associated with Eugene V. Debs., are that he arrested for speaking out against war in World War I, emigrated to the Soviet Union after the end of World War I.
Who was Eugene V. Debs?Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs was an American communist, legislative activist, and union organizer who was a founder member of the Industrial Worker of the International and a five-time nominee for U.s. president for the Socialist Party.
He was incarcerated during World War I for speaking out against war, and after obtaining a bell from the penitentiary, he emigrated to the Soviet Union after the war ended.
When he ran for President while still in prison, he earned over 3% of the vote.
Therefore, the correct options are B, D, and E.
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