Explain the role of electron carriers in photosynthesis and give one example

Here is a possible plan for investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of digestion of starch by the enzyme amylase:

Hypothesis: Increasing the temperature will increase the rate of digestion of starch by the enzyme amylase.

Equipment and techniques:

1. Microscope and microscope slides

2. Hot plate or incubator to control temperature

3. Stopwatch or timer

4. Starch solution

5. Amylase enzyme solution

6. Water bath to maintain temperature

Justification: The microscope and microscope slides will be used to observe the digestion of starch by amylase. The hot plate or incubator will be used to control the temperature of the reaction. The stopwatch or timer will be used to measure the time required for the starch to be digested. The starch solution and amylase enzyme solution will be used to carry out the reaction. The water bath will be used to maintain the temperature of the reaction.

Health and safety:

1. Wear protective goggles to protect the eyes from splashes

2. Handle the solutions and enzymes carefully to avoid spills or splashes

3. Follow proper laboratory safety guidelines, such as not eating or drinking in the lab

Step-by-step method for data collection and analysis:

1. Set up the microscope and prepare the microscope slides.

2. Prepare several starch solutions with different temperatures, using the hot plate or incubator to control the temperature.

3. Add a drop of amylase enzyme solution to each starch solution.

4. Place the slides under the microscope and start the timer.

5. Observe the digestion of the starch at regular intervals, using the stopwatch or timer to measure the time required for the starch to be digested.

5. Record the time required for the starch to be digested at each temperature.

6. Repeat the experiment several times to obtain a reliable average.

7. Plot the data on a graph, with temperature on the x-axis and time required for starch digestion on the y-axis.

8. Analyze the data to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of starch digestion.

Control variables:

1. The concentration of the starch solution should be kept constant.

2. The concentration of the amylase enzyme solution should be kept constant.

3. The pH of the solutions should be kept constant.

4. The volume of the solutions should be kept constant.

Brief method for data collection and analysis:

1. Collect data by observing the digestion of starch at different temperatures and recording the time required for the starch to be digested.

2. Plot the data on a graph and analyze the trend to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of starch digestion.

3. Compare the results with the hypothesis to determine whether the hypothesis is supported or not.

Answer: induction of epithelial cells by paracrine signaling from mesenchymal cells.

Explanation:

Mesenchymal stem cells can be found in bone marrow and are vital in making and the repairing or skeletal tissues.

Based on the information given in the question, the developmental concept that the example best describe is the induction of epithelial cells by paracrine signaling from mesenchymal cells.

Answer:

i would say d but am not there yet i got bio in 8th

Answer:

c

Explanation:

they each contain a gene from their father, their mother, and themselves, since they are both blue there will be 2 blue genes, 1 black and 1 white

A cross between a white rooster and a black hen results in 100% blue offspring, so when two of these blue offspring are mated, the result is 1:2:1, which is option c, as 1 is white, 2 are blue, and 1 is black.

Due to incomplete dominance, genetic crossing occurs between two animals, such as one black hen and one white rooster, and the offspring are blue. When these two heterozygous blue birds cross, a total of four hens and roosters offspring are formed: 1 is black, 1 is white, and 2 are blue and this  genetic crossing can also increase genetic diversity within a population due to meiosis.

Hence, a cross between a white rooster and a black hen results in 100% blue offspring, so when two of these blue offspring are mated, the result is 1:2:1, which is option c, as 1 is white, 2 are blue, and 1 is black.

Learn more about the genetic crossing here.

https://brainly.com/question/16991762

#SPJ6

Answer: genes are linked

Explanation: Gene on a chromosome lies close to another gene controlling a different trait. This indicates that genes are linked, meaning they are physically close to each other on the same chromosome. The proximity of these genes suggests that they are more likely to be inherited together as a unit, rather than independently assorting during the process of genetic recombination.

Mutation rate in germ-line cells occurs **less frequently** than in somatic cells.

The **mutation rate** in germ-line cells is generally lower because these cells give rise to offspring, and thus, any mutations have the potential to be passed down to future generations. This is in contrast to **somatic cells**, which are the non-reproductive cells that make up the majority of an organism's body. Mutations in somatic cells typically only affect the individual organism and are not inherited. Because germ-line cells have a greater impact on the genetic makeup of future generations, there is a stronger selective pressure to maintain a lower mutation rate in these cells compared to somatic cells.

Know more about mutation rate here:

https://brainly.com/question/1587513

#SPJ11

Answer:

D. Glycolysis and fermentation metabolize sugars but do not produce

sufficient ATP to sustain life.

Explanation:

its just right trust

The best description of how sugars are metabolized in herbivores that eat clover, which contains high levels of cyanide, is none of the above, which is in Option E, as herbivores that eat clover containing high levels of cyanide may experience a range of symptoms, including lethargy, weakness, and even death.

Cyanide is a potent toxin that inhibits the enzymes involved in aerobic respiration and the Krebs cycle, which are the primary pathways for metabolizing sugars in animals. As a result, herbivores that eat clover containing high levels of cyanide may experience a range of symptoms, including lethargy, weakness, and even death.

However, some herbivores have evolved strategies to detoxify or tolerate cyanide. For example, some species of rabbits, deer, and cattle have gut bacteria that can break down cyanide into less toxic compounds. These bacteria contain enzymes called cyanide dihydratases that convert cyanide to thiocyanate, which is less toxic and can be excreted in urine. Other herbivores, such as the caterpillar of the cabbage butterfly, can sequester cyanide in specialized tissues and use it as a defense against predators.

Hence, the best description of how sugars are metabolized in herbivores that eat clover, which contains high levels of cyanide, is none of the above, which is in Option E.

Learn more about cyanide here.

https://brainly.com/question/23367833

#SPJ2

complete quesrtion is below

Which statement best describes how sugars are metabolized in

herbivores that eat clover containing high levels of cyanide?

A. Fermentation and the Krebs cycle metabolize sugars and produce

sufficient ATP to sustain life.

B. Aerobic respiration and photosynthesis partially metabolize sugars and

store metabolic intermediates until the levels of cyanide are reduced.

c. Glycolysis metabolizes sugars more efficiently than it does in the

absence of cyanide and produces the normal amount of ATP per sugar

molecule.

D. Glycolysis and fermentation metabolize sugars but do not produce

sufficient ATP to sustain life.

E. none of the these

A snake has scaly skin to keep from drying out in the desert. A cactus has sharp spines and a thick stem that keep water in .Adaptations term describes such traits that help organisms survive.

In biology, there are three related definitions of adaptation. First, natural selection, a dynamic evolutionary process, adapts organisms to their environments, improving their evolutionary fitness. Second, it is a state that the populace has attained along that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic characteristic or adaptive trait that has been preserved and has evolved via natural selection and has a functional purpose in each individual organism.

History has recorded descriptions of adaptation going back to the time of the ancient Greek philosophers Empedocles and Aristotle. Natural theology of the 18th and 19th centuries saw adaptation as proof of the presence of a deity. Charles Darwin suggested that natural selection should be used as the explanation instead.

Learn more about adaptation to visit this link

https://brainly.com/question/29768035

#SPJ4

Full Question: A snake has scaly skin to keep from drying out in the desert. A cactus has sharp spines and a thick stem that keep water in. Which term describes such traits that help organisms survive ?

Recessive traits

genes

instincts

Adaptations

The statement that should be included to establish a claim to back the thesis is option C: "The penalty a polluter must currently pay is in many cases, laughably insignificant." This statement provides evidence to support the argument that polluters should be held accountable for their actions by highlighting the inadequacy of current penalties for polluting. By including this statement, the writer is making a specific claim about the need for stronger consequences for polluters, which supports the overall thesis that polluters should be held accountable for their actions. The other options do not provide specific evidence to support the thesis.

Answer:

the answer would be A

Explanation:

Animal cells are oval and egg shaped so we can cancel out c and d

A is the correct answer because we can see green dots within the structure. Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. This green pigment makes the chloroplast and the structure green (as we can see in the picture). Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts, and it is where the plant gets its glucose from

Hope this helps!

part of the microscope is needed to be adjusted to have better contrast when viewing a specimen under the microscope is condenser.

A microscope is a lab tool used to study items that are too small to be seen with the human eye. The study of small structures and objects under a microscope is known as microscopy. Microscopic refers to something that, without the use of a microscope, is undetectable to the eye. There are many distinct kinds of microscopes, and they can be categorised in several ways. One option is to explain how an instrument interacts with a sample and generates images, for as by passing an electron or light beam past the sample in its optical path, measuring photon emissions from the sample, etc.

learn more about microscope here

https://brainly.com/question/18661784

#SPJ4

Answer:

D) a molecule of oxygen

Answer:

An oxygen atom

Explanation:

its not a neutron, nor the oxygen's atomic mass (I hope you'll know what that is), and a molecule of oxygen is two oxygens atoms together, 02. Hope this helps.

Answer:

On the basis of physical traits.

Explanation:

Newer classification systems classify organisms on the basis of physical traits of an organism. All modern classification systems gets their concept and help from Linnaean classification system. In these new classification systems, those organisms that have similar characteristics are placed in one group because they evolve from the same ancestor or having common ancestry. These changes occurs in the organisms with the passage of time that helps organisms to survive in that environment.

The small processes on the humerus that are located proximal to the trochlea and capitulum are called the medial and lateral epicondyles.

These bony protrusions serve as attachment sites for various muscles of the forearm, wrist, and hand. The medial epicondyle is larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle and can be easily palpated on the inner aspect of the elbow. The trochlea and capitulum are also located on the distal end of the humerus and are important in the articulation of the elbow joint. The trochlea is a spool-shaped structure that articulates with the ulna, while the capitulum is a rounded knob that articulates with the radius. Together, these bony landmarks help to provide stability and mobility to the elbow joint, allowing for movements such as flexion and extension of the forearm.

To learn more about humerus click here https://brainly.com/question/28837867

#SPJ11

Answer:

worms

Explanation:

the way the animal grows

Answer:

The main difference between epigeal and hypogeal germination is that in epigeal germination, the cotyledons emerge out of the soil during germination whereas, in hypogeal germination, the cotyledons remain inside the soil.

Answer:

Aristotle

Explanation:

Aristotle was the first person to study the embryos of different species.

At least 60 of the many compounds included in tobacco smoke are known carcinogens. Cancer causing agents because they damage DNA, increases the load of somatic mutations.

As a result, increases the likelihood that "driver" mutations in cancer genes will develop. The environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced as a result of incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic material. Except for in close proximity to their cancer origins, these compounds are often present at trace amounts in air, water, soils, and sediments. Some foods and a few pharmaceuticals based on coal tar that are administered topically include PAHs. PAH levels are quite high in tobacco smoke. One of the main tobacco-specific nitrosamines generated from nicotine is nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK). It is significant to the development of cancer (carcinogens). The pyrrolidine ring must be broken in order to convert nicotine to NNK.

Although the majority of the relevant data on the two were examined separately, long-term nicotine derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) and arecoline exposure increases carcinogen and the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Learn more about carcinogen

https://brainly.com/question/14051174

#SPJ4

The digestive system is related to our diet in the sense that this is a specialized organ whose cells known as cylindrical cells, secrete a juice (gastric juice; which is possible because of the gene expression that allows these cells to develop the necessary proteins) that catabolizes the food to acquire nutrients such as glucose from carbohydrates and eventually performs cellular respiration.

The number of lattice points in one unit cell of an FCC lattice and an FCT lattice is 8, while the number of lattice points in one unit cell of a BCC lattice is 9.

The number of lattice points in one unit cell of each of the following lattices are:

(i) Face-centred cubic (FCC) lattice: In an FCC lattice, there are 4 lattice points at the corners of the unit cell, and 4 lattice points in the centre of each face of the unit cell. Therefore, the total number of lattice points in one unit cell of an FCC lattice is 4 + 4 = 8.

(ii) Face-centred tetragonal (FCT) lattice: The FCT lattice is similar to the FCC lattice, except that the unit cell is stretched along one of its axes. In an FCT lattice, there are 4 lattice points at the corners of the unit cell, and 4 lattice points in the centre of each face of the unit cell. Therefore, the total number of lattice points in one unit cell of an FCT lattice is also 4 + 4 = 8.

(iii) Body-centred cubic (BCC) lattice: In a BCC lattice, there are 8 lattice points at the corners of the unit cell, and 1 lattice point in the centre of the unit cell. Therefore, the total number of lattice points in one unit cell of a BCC lattice is 8 + 1 = 9.

To know more about FCC lattice

brainly.com/question/13507416

#SPJ4

Two adaptations that could be useful for organisms that live in a desert biome but not in a tundra biome are the ability to store water and the ability to tolerate high temperatures.

Deserts are characterized by extremely hot temperatures and a lack of water, which makes it difficult for organisms to survive. One adaptation that would be useful for organisms in the desert is the ability to store water.

Another adaptation that would be useful in the desert is the ability to tolerate high temperatures. Certain plants have adapted to the desert by developing small, thick leaves that help to conserve water and tolerate high temperatures. Thus, these adaptations may not be as useful in a tundra biome, where water is more readily available and temperatures are much lower.

To learn more about biome follow the link:

https://brainly.com/question/1029654

#SPJ1

Answer:An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

Autotrophs are able to make their own food. They are able to obtain their food through a process that is called photosynthesis.

Answer:

Arterioles

Explanation:

           I Hope This Helps!

                                                             -Aslina    

Answer:

Scientific names are essential in naming organisms. If you named a new species "Fluffy", no one would really know how to identify it. With scientific naming, scientists can use the components of the name to know what it is.

Acute radiation exposure (more than 1,000 rads) to a tiny, localised area of the body causes local radiation injury, or LRI.

Radiation is the name for energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light. In addition to being accompanied by an electric field and a magnetic field, this energy possesses wave-like characteristics. Another name for radiation is "electromagnetic waves."

Learn more about Radiation here:

https://brainly.com/question/24469662

#SPJ4

Answer:

cell division

Explanation:

This is where cells would get damaged or die and this process calls cell division occurs

Answer:

cell division,the process of mitosis

The structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins because proteins are made by the central dogma process where DNA is the initial component.

In the process of the central dogma, transcription is the process through which the DNA is transcribed into the mRNA. Through the information in the mRNA, proteins are produced by the translation process.

Hence, the structure of proteins as well its function etc are all determined by the DNA whose information is transcribed and translated for the formation of that particular protein.

Each protein formed from the transcription and translation of DNA has a specialized function to perform.

To learn more about the DNA, click here:

https://brainly.com/question/16099437

#SPJ4

Answer: (D) 360

Explanation:

An adult panda bear must eat at least 30 pounds of bamboo in a day. There are 12 adult pandas living in part of a bamboo forest 360 pounds must available each day.

Panda comes under the specialist because its eats only bamboo because it's present abundantly and Thus they don't have to fight with other animals to get it.

Bamboo is rich in fibre but has less nutrients, so pandas have to eat 20 to 40 pounds of the elements every day just to get by.

Thus, option "D" is correct, 360.

To learn more about pandas click here:

https://brainly.com/question/16863554

#SPJ2