The Federal Reserve buying bonds in an open-market operation increases the monetary base, which subsequently affects the money multiplier and increases the money supply.
a. When the Federal Reserve buys bonds in an open-market operation, it increases the monetary base. The monetary base consists of currency in circulation and bank reserves. By purchasing bonds, the Federal Reserve injects new money into the economy, increasing the monetary base. This increase in the monetary base has a potential multiplier effect on the money supply. The money multiplier is the ratio of the money supply to the monetary base. As the monetary base increases, it provides banks with additional reserves, which they can use to create new loans and deposits. This process can lead to an expansion of the money supply.
b. If the Federal Reserve increases the interest rate it pays banks for holding reserves, it can potentially affect the money multiplier. When the interest rate on reserves increases, banks may be more inclined to hold excess reserves rather than lending them out. This can reduce the lending capacity of banks, potentially decreasing the money multiplier. A lower money multiplier, in turn, reduces the potential expansion of the money supply.
c. If the Federal Reserve reduces its lending to banks through its Term Auction Facility, it decreases the monetary base. The Term Auction Facility is a program through which the Fed provides short-term loans to banks. By reducing lending through this facility, the Federal Reserve reduces the reserves available to banks, thereby decreasing the monetary base. A lower monetary base affects the money multiplier, potentially reducing it and leading to a decrease in the money supply.
d. Rumors about a computer virus attack on ATM machines causing people to hold more currency instead of demand deposits can affect the monetary base, money multiplier, and money supply, but the overall impact depends on individual actions. If people withdraw money from their bank accounts as currency, it increases the currency component of the monetary base.
To learn more about money-multiplier- brainly.com/question/15053094
#SPJ11
25 points, Why are certain brands global? 3-4 sentences, please.
Answer: Certain Brands can be global because of their profits, Let's take cars for a example, Cars can be made and distributed based on the company if they can pay for all the shipping and everything, but it really depends on the company and what they are selling.
Explanation:
Blossom Company is considering an investment that will return a lump sum of $850,000 3 years from now. Click here to view the factor table. (For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided.) What amount should Blossom Company pay for this investment to earn an 6% return? (Round answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 25.25.)
Ale jak się okazało w Polsce dniu narty nie skierowane to dniu tym świecie i jest ogóle nie ma problemu z tym że nie ma przecieku co w wszystko jutrzejszym terminie
The process of allocating the cost of an asset to expense over the useful life of the asset is called.
Answer:
Depreciation
Explanation:
Depreciation is the process of allocating the cost of an asset over the course of its useful life in order to align its expenses with revenue generation.
[RevyBreeze]
the main units of local government.
Answer:
There are four main types of local government- counties, municipalities (cities and town), special districts, and school districts. Counties are the largest units of local government, numbering about 8,000 nationwide. They provide many of the same services provided by cities.
Explanation:
how do contact list differ from an address book
Answer:
they don't really differ, a contact list is justa digital adress book
Explanation:
_______ will help you maintain good credit.
Paying your Bills on Time will help you to maintain good credit.
Why do one need to Pay Bills on Time?The act if paying one's credit card bills and other forms of loans on time is very vital.
Mostly because late or missed payments could lead to a dip in one's credit score. If one is not totally concerned about missing a due date, it is better to have a form of automatic bill payment that can help one to stay on top of one's account payments.
learn more about credit from
https://brainly.com/question/1250740
Answer: lowering your balances
Which of the following are considered ideas? (Select all that apply.)
A non-profit organization
A philosophy
A service
An opinion
Philosophy studies existence, rationality, knowledge, values, the mind, and language. These questions are usually presented as problems to be addressed.
The origin of the phrase is unclear, however, some suggest that Pythagoras was its first user. Questioning, critical discourse, logical argument, and systematic presentation are all examples of philosophical approaches.
A fact is a statement that can be proven without a doubt, while an opinion is a statement that can be open to multiple interpretations.
Opinions may concern subjective issues for which there is no definitive answer, or they may concern objective facts that are being disputed by appealing to the logical fallacy that everyone is entitled to their own view.
To know more about a considered idea:
https://brainly.com/question/10080032
#SPJ4
The right way of asking the question is:
Which of the following are considered ideas? (Select all that apply.)
A non-profit organizationA philosophyA serviceAn opiniona designer has been tasked with finding test participants for the end of a design sprint. in what phase of the sprint should they begin recruiting users? 0 / 1 point understand test prototype ideate
A designer should begin recruiting users for test participants during the "Prototype" phase of the design sprint. This phase involves creating a realistic prototype of the solution, which will then be tested with the recruited users to gather valuable feedback and insights.
The designer should begin recruiting test participants during the "prototype" phase of the design sprint. This is the phase where the design team creates a low-fidelity or high-fidelity prototype of the solution that they have ideated during the earlier "ideation" phase.
The purpose of testing the prototype with users is to get feedback on its usability, functionality, and overall appeal. By recruiting test participants early on in the prototype phase, the design team can incorporate their feedback into the final product, ensuring that it meets the needs of the users.
Learn more about Prototype: https://brainly.com/question/7509258
#SPJ11
Where should a worker go for equipment to help put out a small fire?
Where could a supervisor get a bandage for a worker with a cut hand?
Where should a supervisor go to call for an ambulance after a worker breaks a leg?
Answer:
a. the front east wall
b. the floor manager’s office
c. the employee cafeteria
Explanation:
(A) A worker should go for tools to support putting out a small fire on the front east wall. DON’T pick individual belongings: Fires spread fast.
Who is Supervisor?
(B) A supervisor obtains a bandage for an employee with a cut hand in the floor supervisor’s office.
(C) A manager goes to call for an ambulance after an employee breaks a leg in the employee cafeteria.
While it’s comprehensible that employees will be shocked during a fire, keeping a level leader is important to survival. Fortunately, manipulating fire drills should support provide a calm reaction since everyone will comprehend exactly what to do.
Wrap the wound with a bandage, stay away from food and prep spaces, protect the hand with a glove and finger cot, and protect the wound with a bandage and a glove or a finger cot.
we would extremely advise you to directly administer First Aid and call an ambulance if somebody: Appears not to be breathing, is holding chest pain, working to breathe, or breathing strangely -appearing to ‘suck in’ below their rib cage and utilizing different muscles to support them to breathe.
Find more information about Supervisor here:
https://brainly.com/question/26143012
Sales taxes collected by a retailer are recorded by.
Answer:
There recorded by sales
Explanation:
Sales taxes collected by a retailer are recorded as credit to sales taxes payable under the current liabilities section on the balance sheet.
Sales taxes collected by a retailer are typically recorded by the retailer themselves for accounting and reporting purposes.
How is the sales tax collectedThis is done to ensure compliance with tax regulations and to accurately track the amount of sales tax owed to the appropriate tax authority.
Retailers usually use point-of-sale (POS) systems or specialized accounting software to record sales transactions and calculate the sales tax amount. These systems are programmed to apply the appropriate tax rate based on the location of the sale and the type of product or service being sold.
Read more on Sales taxes here https://brainly.com/question/30109497
#SPJ6
why the pattern of employment in a country may change over time？（essay question）
Answer:It would most likely change overtime because technology is being advanced.
Explanation:
Banks buy and sell foreign currency to provide their customers with the ability to:
Banks offer foreign currency exchange services to facilitate their customers' needs for international transactions. These services enable customers to buy and sell foreign currency to complete cross-border transactions such as travel, business, and investments.
Banks provide competitive exchange rates for major currencies, including the US dollar, Euro, British pound, and Japanese yen, among others. When buying foreign currency, the bank calculates the exchange rate and charges a commission fee. The commission fee varies among banks, and it depends on the amount of currency exchanged. Banks also offer different exchange rates for cash and non-cash transactions. On the other hand, when selling foreign currency, the bank buys the currency back at a lower rate, and again, charges a commission fee. Banks make a profit on foreign exchange transactions through the difference between the buying and selling rates, and the commission fees charged. In summary, banks provide foreign currency exchange services to enable their customers to complete international transactions. The exchange rates and commission fees vary among banks, and customers should shop around for the best deals.
Learn more about foreign currency here:
https://brainly.com/question/15874744
#SPJ11
The clock division of Control Central Corporation manufactures clocks and then sells them to customers for $10 per unit. Its variable cost is $4 per unit, and its fixed cost per unit is $2.50. Management would like the clock division to transfer 8,000 of these clocks to another division within the company at a price of $5. The clock division could avoid $0.50 per clock of variable packaging costs by selling internally. (a) Determine the minimum transfer price, assuming the clock division is not operating at full capacity.
Answer:
Minimum Transfer Price is $3.50
Explanation:
The Minimum transfer price is calculated by adding the variable cost per unit with the opportunity cost. In this case where the clock division is not operating at full capacity then the opportunity cost would be considered as $0.
Moreover, the division would be able to avoid a $0.5 cost per clock. Therefore, the variable cost will be $3.50 ($4 - $0.5) after eliminating the $0.5.
Finally, the minimum transfer would as follows:
Minimum Transfer Price = Variable cost + Opportunity Cost
Minimum Transfer Price = $3.50 + $0
Minimum Transfer Price = $3.50
highlight characteristics of itinerant traders
The City of Grand Rapids installed a new water main on Oak Street. The city then decided to charge the property owners along Oak Street a proportional cost of the new water main. If a property owner refuses to pay their proportional share of the cost, the city may file:______.a) property tax lien.
b) assessment lien.
c) general lien.
d) mechanics' lien.
Answer: assessment lien
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that the City of Grand Rapids installed a new water main on Oak Street and that the city then decided to charge the property owners along Oak Street a proportional cost of the new water main.
We are further told that a property owner refuses to pay their proportional share of the cost. In this case, the city may file an assessment lien as this allows the city to sell the property of the homeowner so as to repay the assessments that the person owe.
________________ is used during the early stages of the product life cycle. Because the product is new, the focus is on explaining the benefits of the product class, and not on promoting the specific brand. ________________ is used during the early stages of the product life cycle. Because the product is new, the focus is on explaining the benefits of the product class, and not on promoting the specific brand. Company advertising Institutional advertising Pioneering advertising Advocacy advertising
Answer:
Pioneering Advertising
Explanation:
Pioneering advertising is the advertising campaign of the new product that should compete the single product by having a developed market place. The motive of this type of advertising is that to inform the consumers with respect to the arrival of the new innovation in the product along with the description of its benefits
So according to the given situation it represents the pioneering advertising
how to calculate elasticity of demand?
The elasticity of demand is calculated by dividing the probability change in volume demanded by the chance change in price. The formula is:
Elasticity of demand = probability change in volume demanded/ probability change in price.
Demand is considered elastic, meaning that changes in price have a significant impact on volume demanded. If the performing value is lesser than one.However, demand is considered inelastic, meaning that changes in price have a fairly small impact on volume demanded.
If the value is lower than one.However, demand is unit elastic, meaning that changes in price have a commensurable impact on volume demanded If the value is exactly one.
To learn more about Elasticity of demand:
https://brainly.com/question/1048608
#SPJ4
A person who is a good employee of a multinational company means that he is fit to be an entrepreneur. TRUE or FALSE
Describe the importance of information security to organizations, and how information represents a critical asset in today’s business organizations.
Explain the importance of implementing IT performance metrics within the organization, particularly, the IT Balanced Scorecard
The importance of information security for organizations and how information represents a critical asset in today's business organizations, because decision-making based on information and data guarantees value and competitiveness for a company.
How important is it to implement IT performance metrics within the organization?Such metrics, such as the Balanced Scorecad, help an organization to monitor its IT strategies, with alignment of organizational objectives through performance indicators and evaluation for possible corrections, security and confidentiality.
Therefore, investments in IT help organizations to manage and protect their sensitive and critical data from intruders and hackers, generating compliance, security and innovation.
Find out more about information security at:
https://brainly.com/question/30098174
#SPJ4
the aging of the baby boom generation has added to the growth of consumer credit.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The Baby Boom is defined by economists and demographers as the 64 million infants born between 1946 and 1961 -- those who are now between the ages of 24 and 39.
While the impact of the Baby Boom generation may be higher interest rates, some economists also credit the youth generation with forcing businesses to invest in new plant and equipment to create more goods. They say this, in turn, has created added demand for credit.
At what age can you start working?
Answer:
Explanation:
depends on where you live
Explanation:
It really depends on the jobs and requirements but you can USUALLY do small work like walking a dog or babysitting at 13-14
Alert Medical, LLC, consists of two doctors, Abrams and Lipscomb, who share in all income and losses according to a 2:3 income-sharing ratio. Dr. Lin has been asked to join the LLC. Prior to admitting Lin, the assets of Alert Medical were revalued to reflect their current market values. The revaluation resulted in medical equipment being increased by $40,000. Prior to the revaluation, the equity balances for Abrams and Lipscomb were $154,000 and $208,000, respectively. Required: A. On December 31, provide the journal entry for the asset revaluation. Refer to the Chart of Accounts for exact wording of account titles. B. On December 31, provide the journal entry for the bonus under the following independent situations 1. Lin purchased a 30% interest in Alert Medical, LLC, for $228,000. 2. Lin purchased a 25% interest in Alert Medical, LLC, for $124,000.
In both cases, the cash account is debited to reflect the cash inflow from the purchase of the interest in the LLC. The corresponding credit is made to Lin's capital account to record his ownership interest.
A. Journal entry for the asset revaluation on December 31:
Date: December 31
Account Debit Credit
Medical Equipment $40,000
Accumulated Depreciation $XX,XXX (if applicable)
Revaluation Surplus $XX,XXX
The medical equipment is increased by $40,000 due to the revaluation. The revaluation surplus account is used to record the increase in value.
Note: If there is accumulated depreciation on the medical equipment, you would need to debit the accumulated depreciation account and credit the revaluation surplus account accordingly.
B. Journal entries for the bonus on December 31:
Lin purchased a 30% interest in Alert Medical, LLC, for $228,000:
Date: December 31
Account Debit Credit
Cash $228,000
Lin's Capital Account $228,000
Lin's capital account is credited with the amount paid by Lin to purchase the interest in the LLC.
Lin purchased a 25% interest in Alert Medical, LLC, for $124,000:
Date: December 31
Account Debit Credit
Cash $124,000
Lin's Capital Account $124,000
Lin's capital account is credited with the amount paid by Lin to purchase the interest in the LLC.
For more such questions on cash account
https://brainly.com/question/24179665
#SPJ11
household not eligible for a premium tax credit because your household income is too low to qualify in your state
If a household is not eligible for a premium tax credit because their household income is too low to qualify in their state, it means that they do not meet the income requirements to receive the credit.
Who is eligible for the premium tax credit?To be eligible for the premium tax credit, individuals and families must have household income within certain limits and must not be eligible for other types of health coverage. The income limits for the premium tax credit vary by state and are based on the federal poverty level.
How do you claim the premium tax credit?To claim the premium tax credit, individuals must enroll in a health plan through the Health Insurance Marketplace and must have an estimated household income within the income limits for the credit. When enrolling in a health plan through the Marketplace, individuals can choose to have the credit paid in advance to lower the monthly premium payment, or they can choose to claim the credit on their tax return for the tax.
To know more about Tax Credit visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28265848
#SPJ4
In a monopolistically competitive market, the demand for Zack's Rootbeer can be desribed as P-20-Q. The marginal revenue that Zack faces is MR-20-2Q. Also, the marginal cost for the firm is MC-2Q. Finally, ATC=(Q2+10)\Q. Find the level of profit.
O 40
O 75
O 35
O 50
To find the level of profit in a monopolistically competitive market, we need to determine the equilibrium quantity and price, and then calculate the total revenue and total cost.
Given:
Demand: P = 20 - Q
Marginal Revenue: MR = 20 - 2Q
Marginal Cost: MC = 2Q
Average Total Cost: ATC = (Q^2 + 10) / Q
To find the equilibrium quantity, we set MR equal to MC:
20 - 2Q = 2Q
4Q = 20
Q = 5
Substituting the equilibrium quantity into the demand equation, we can find the equilibrium price:
P = 20 - Q
P = 20 - 5
P = 15
Total Revenue (TR) is calculated by multiplying the price by the quantity:
TR = P * Q
TR = 15 * 5
TR = 75
Total Cost (TC) is calculated by multiplying the average total cost by the quantity:
TC = ATC * Q
TC = ((Q^2 + 10) / Q) * Q
TC = Q^2 + 10
TC = 5^2 + 10
TC = 25 + 10
TC = 35
Profit (π) is calculated by subtracting total cost from total revenue:
π = TR - TC
π = 75 - 35
π = 40
Therefore, the level of profit is 40.
Learn more about Profit from the given link
brainly.com/question/1078746
#SPJ11
a company uses its company-wide cost of capital to evaluate new capital investments. what is the implication of this policy when the company has multiple operating divisions, each having unique risk attributes and capital costs?
A company uses its company-wide cost of capital to evaluate new capital investments, the implication of this policy when the company has multiple operating divisions, each having unique risk attributes and capital costs may lead to incorrect decisions
A company-wide cost of capital may either overestimate or underestimate a division's cost of capital. In such situations, a company should estimate the division's cost of capital separately to make accurate investment decisions. This approach requires an understanding of the risk-return profile of each division to determine the required return on investment. The division's risk profile must be assessed using a risk analysis, and its cost of capital must be calculated using the division's particular risk-adjusted WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital).
The division's cost of capital must be used to analyze and evaluate the projects. If the company is unwilling or unable to calculate the division's cost of capital, an alternative approach is to adjust the cost of capital for each division. However, the adjustment must be based on the estimated level of risk of the division and the overall risk of the company. Finally, the company should use an appropriate cost of capital for each investment opportunity rather than a company-wide cost of capital. So therefore when a company has multiple operating divisions with varying risk attributes and capital costs, using a company-wide cost of capital to assess new capital investments may lead to incorrect decisions.
To know more about investment here
https://brainly.com/question/30105963
#SPJ11
what employee census data should sally gather to prepare for a benefits bid?
Sally should gather employee demographics, job info, compensation, benefits enrollment, dependents, work hours, election, termination data, and legal compliance info for a benefits bid.
To prepare for a benefits bid, Sally needs to compile a comprehensive employee census. This includes vital employee demographics, job specifics, compensation details, benefits enrollment data, and dependent information.
Equally important are work hours, retirement plan elections, and termination history. Sally should also ensure adherence to legal and regulatory requirements, such as Affordable Care Act (ACA) provisions.
Collecting this diverse data will enable a well-informed benefits bid that caters to the workforce's unique needs and aligns with industry standards and regulations.
Learn more about Affordable Care Act here:
https://brainly.com/question/29398295
#SPJ12
As a Canadian student, you know that even with limited to no income, you have many options in choosing student-specific credit cards that come with perks. Which statements are true?
I. Student credit cards play an important role in helping you establish credit history and a good credit score by the time you graduate which is essential in helping you obtain financing with a better interest rate for car loans, car leases and mortgages in the future.
II. If you do not use your credit card responsibly, overspending on your credit card limit can have a longstanding and potential negative impact on your credit rating which can prevent you from building a solid credit score.
III. If you do not use your credit card responsibly, by not paying your credit card bills on time, it can have a longstanding and potential negative impact on your credit rating which could benefit you in the future.
IV. Always borrowing up to your credit limit will help with your credit score.
V. Some student credit cards do not have annual fees, offer generous welcome bonus points and easy-to-meet eligibility requirements for student starter credit cards.
VI. Using your credit card to take out cash from an Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) is convenient but is also cheaper than using your debit card.
a) I, II, III, IV and VI
b) I, III, and V
c) I, II, and V
d) II, IV, V and VI
e) II and III
Student credit cards play a crucial role in building a credit history and score, irresponsible use can harm credit ratings, and some student cards offer benefits without annual fees. Statements I, III, and V are true.
Statement I is true because student credit cards can help establish a credit history and build a good credit score over time. This is important for future financing options like car loans, leases, and mortgages, as a good credit score can result in better interest rates and terms.
Statement III is also true. Failing to pay credit card bills on time can have a negative impact on credit ratings. A history of late payments can lower credit scores and make it more difficult to secure credit in the future.
Statement V is true as well. Many student credit cards cater specifically to students by offering benefits such as no annual fees, welcome bonus points, and easy eligibility requirements. These features make it easier for students to access and manage credit without incurring additional costs.
Statements II, IV, and VI are false. Overspending on credit card limits, always borrowing up to the limit, and using credit cards to withdraw cash from ATMs are not advisable practices and can have negative consequences for credit scores and financial well-being.
Learn more about Credit history here:
brainly.com/question/9718559
#SPJ11
A company's balance sheet shows: cash $40,000, accounts receivable $25,000, office equipment $59,000, and accounts payable $26,000. What is the amount of stockholders' equity
Answer:
the amount of stockholders' equity is $98,000
Explanation:
It is important to remember that the Balance Sheet uses the Accounting equation :
Accounting Equation states that :
Assets = Equity + Liabilities
This can be also stated as :
Equity = Assets - Liabilities
Where,
Assets = $40,000 + $25,000 + $59,000 = $124,000
Liabilities = $26,000
Therefore,
Equity = $124,000 - $26,000
= $98,000
Conclusion :
Using the Accounting Equation we have solved the amount of stockholders' equity as $98,000
A 3rd degree burn has burnt only part of the epidermis. the epidermis only. the epidermis and dermis. the epidermis and part of the dermis.
A 3rd degree burn has burnt the epidermis and part of the dermis. Option 3 is the correct answer.
A 3rd degree burn is a severe burn that extends through the entire thickness of the skin. In a 3rd degree burn, the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin, and part of the dermis, which is the layer beneath the epidermis, are affected. This type of burn destroys the full thickness of the epidermis and can extend into the deeper layers of the dermis.
The epidermis serves as a protective barrier for the body, preventing the entry of harmful substances and pathogens. It also helps regulate body temperature and plays a role in the production of vitamin D. The dermis provides structural support, contains blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles.
Due to the severity of the injury, 3rd degree burns often require medical intervention and specialized treatment. They can result in extensive tissue damage, loss of sensation, and impaired healing. Treatment may involve surgical interventions, such as skin grafting, to promote healing and minimize the risk of infection. Rehabilitation and long-term care are often necessary to manage the physical and psychological effects of a 3rd degree burn.
Hence, option 3 is the right choice.
To know more about epidermis , visit https://brainly.com/question/13450121
#SPJ11
The United Nations budget for 2012-13 was 5.15 billion USD. In 2013-14 they were looking to raise 2.2 billion dollars to work in conjunction with the WHO (World Health Organisation) to combat communicable diseases around the planet. (The combat of these diseases is considered to be a Global Public Good). Answer the following questions: billion. Answer in a. What is the minimum benefit that would have to be derived from the project with the WHO to make economic sense? $ billions of dollars to one decimal place. b. If the UN considers raising the funds from its top 17 contributing states, with each paying equal amounts, how much would each state pay? $ million. Answer to the nearest whole millions of dollars (using no decimal places). c. Australia is one of the top 17 contributing states. Since Australia has one of the smallest gross domestic products (national income) on the list, if the funds were raised using a form of taxation, what tax system would result in Australia contributing the least funds? Type H for Head, P for Proportional or G for Progressive.
To make the project with the WHO economically viable, the minimum benefit that needs to be derived is $1 trillion. If the UN raises the funds from its top 17 contributing states, each state would pay approximately $129 million. A proportional tax system would result in Australia contributing the least funds.
a. To determine the minimum benefit that would have to be derived from the project with the WHO to make economic sense, we need to calculate the benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The BCR is the ratio of the total benefits of the project to the total costs of the project. To make economic sense, the BCR must be greater than 1.
Assuming that the $2.2 billion raised for the project represents the total cost of the project, we need to determine the minimum benefits that must be derived from the project. However, we can estimate the benefits based on the potential lives saved.
Using this estimate, the BCR would be:
BCR = Total Benefits / Total Costs = $1 trillion / $2.2 billion = 454.5
Therefore, the minimum benefit that would have to be derived from the project with the WHO to make economic sense is $1 trillion.
b. If the UN considers raising the funds from its top 17 contributing states, with each paying equal amounts, we can calculate the amount each state would need to pay as follows:
Total amount to be raised = $2.2 billion
Number of contributing states = 17
Amount each state would pay = Total amount to be raised / Number of contributing states
Amount each state would pay = $2.2 billion / 17 = $129.4 million
Therefore, each state would need to pay approximately $129 million.
c. To determine the tax system that would result in Australia contributing the least funds, we need to consider the three types of tax systems: head, proportional, and progressive.
Since Australia has one of the smallest gross domestic products (national income) on the list, a proportional tax would result in Australia contributing the least funds.
With a proportional tax, everyone pays the same percentage of their income, so Australia's contribution would be smaller compared to a head or progressive tax, which would impose a fixed amount or a higher percentage of tax on Australia despite its lower income. Therefore, the answer is P for Proportional tax.
To know more about proportional tax system, visit:
brainly.com/question/30109516
#SPJ11