Examine the following features of fiscal decentralization
choosing examples from Ghana: Revenue assignment, Expenditure
assignment, intergovernmental transfers, and borrowing
Answers
Fiscal decentralization in Ghana encompasses revenue assignment, expenditure assignment, intergovernmental transfers, and borrowing.
Fiscal decentralization refers to the process of transferring revenue and expenditure responsibilities from the central government to lower levels of government, such as regional or local governments. In the context of Ghana, let's examine the features of fiscal decentralization and provide relevant examples:
Revenue Assignment:
Revenue assignment involves the allocation of revenue-raising powers to subnational governments. In Ghana, revenue assignment is primarily through the allocation of specific taxes and fees to lower levels of government. For example, the District Assemblies in Ghana have the authority to collect property rates, business operating permits, and licenses. This allows them to generate revenue locally and reduce their dependence on central government transfers.
Expenditure Assignment:
Expenditure assignment refers to the allocation of spending responsibilities to subnational governments. In Ghana, certain expenditure responsibilities have been devolved to regional and local governments. For instance, the provision of basic services such as education, healthcare, and sanitation is primarily the responsibility of district assemblies. They have the authority to plan and implement these services based on local needs and priorities.
Intergovernmental Transfers:
Intergovernmental transfers are financial flows from the central government to subnational governments to support their fiscal needs. In Ghana, intergovernmental transfers play a significant role in fiscal decentralization. The District Assemblies Common Fund (DACF) is an example of intergovernmental transfers in Ghana. It is a pool of funds set aside by the central government and allocated to district assemblies based on a formula that considers factors like population size, revenue generation capacity, and development needs.
Borrowing:
Borrowing is another feature of fiscal decentralization, allowing subnational governments to access additional funds for development projects. In Ghana, local governments can borrow from financial institutions with the approval of the central government. For instance, district assemblies may secure loans to finance infrastructure projects such as road construction or market development, contributing to local economic growth and improved service delivery.
These features aim to enhance local governance, promote accountability, and empower subnational governments to address local development needs effectively.
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Related Questions
Question 7 of 10
Which of the following tells you what your gross and net income was for a
particular pay period?
A. W-4 form
B. Pay check
C. Tax return
D. Pay stub
Answers
Answer:
d. pay stub
Explanation:
Pay stub tells you what your gross and net income was for a particular pay period. The appropriate response is option D.
What is Pay stub?An employer's pay stub is a record that lists an employee's gross pay, deductions from that pay, and net compensation. Paychecks are produced together with pay stubs.
Employees get a pay stub along with their paycheck that contains information about their gross pay, deductions made from it, and final net pay. Pay stubs should include information on tax deductions, health insurance premiums, and retirement contributions.
Your company will provide you with a non-binding pay stub that details your gross pay, benefits received, and net pay. Lenders, prospective employers, and other organizations utilize it to comprehend your earnings.
The appropriate response is option D.
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What is Jack doing to ensure savings for a new car?
Answers
Answer:
Could you add more context?
Explanation:
Answer:
He could be putting the money into the bank.
Explanation:
1) Nelson Company began operations on December 1, Year 1. The following transactions and adjustments were recorded in December and posted to the company’s ledger accounts:
5) Purchased $500 of supplies on account to be used in January
1.1) Acquired $3,800 cash from the issue of common stock to its stockholders
2.2) Provided services on account for $3,300
3.3) Paid $1,900 cash for land
4.4) Owed $1,400 of salaries expenses to employees for work done in December that will be paid during January
5.6) Collected $1,700 from customers
What is the total of the debit account balances that will be reported on the company's adjusted trial balance at December 31, Year 1?
A) $6,900
B) $9,000
C) $5,200
D) $3,500
Answers
The total of the debit account balances that will be reported on the company's adjusted trial balance at December 31, Year 1 is B) $9,000
Nelson Company Adjusted trial balance at December 31, Year 1
Debit side
Cash $3,600
($3,800+$1,700-$1,900)
Account Receiveble $1,600
($3,300-$1,700)
Supplies $500
Land $1,900
Salaries expenses $1,400
Total debit balance $9,000
Credit side
Account payable $500
Salaries payable $1,400
Common stock $3,800
Service revenue $3,300
Total Credit balance $9,000
Inconclusion The total of the debit account balances that will be reported on the company's adjusted trial balance at December 31, Year 1 is B) $9,000
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What was the stamp act?
Don't Spam!
Answers
The stamp act is what happened after a war so that The british could pay off there debt
what are the ways of receiving employment related information?
Answers
Answer:
just do well on software and follow me for updates
according to obra, what is the minimum number of employees required to constitute a large group?
Answers
According to Obra, a minimum of 100 employees is required to constitute a large group.
Small groups include businesses with two to fifty full-time employees. For major organizations, more than 50 individuals work full-time.
Businesses with less than 200 employees frequently mandate that all parents enroll their kids. Part-time employees are not eligible for group health insurance. Even so, you can be qualified for employee health insurance if your company has less than 7 employees, but the bulk of them are employed part-time.
Small company health insurance is only available to businesses with between one and 50 employees. It qualifies as a small business for the purpose of receiving group health insurance. If you have more than 50 employees, you should apply for huge group insurance.
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The catapult systems repair crew on an aircraft carrier is responsible for repairing the system that launches the aircraft from the carrier. no two repairs are alike, and because pilots' lives are at stake, quality is imperative. repair personnel often have to develop creative solutions on the spot instead of depending on standard procedures. as a result, the most effective structure for the catapult systems repair crew is a(n) ________ structure.
Answers
Answer: Organic Structure
Explanation: Organic Structure may be explained as a type of organizational structure which often promotes creativity, being proactive and flexible decision making due to the unstable and dynamic nature of the work environment and problem the organization has to solve. In the scenario above, due to the risky nature of the task at hand, catapult repair crews do not posses the luxury of time to follow rigid orders, rules or follow a centralized model of problem solving. Therefore, a decentralized model is often adopted in other to afford the repair crew to use their tactical nous, experience and creative ability to approach, tackle and provide quick and quality solutions to lingering problems.
Robert receives a salary of $60,000 per year, or $2,500 semi-monthly. How
much does his employer pay for his unemployment tax for the entire year?
A. no limit
B. $0
C. $840
D. $420
Answers
Answer:
B. $0
Explanation:
Unemployment tax known as FUTA (The Federal Unemployment Tax act) is imposed on employers based on the wage and salaries they pay their employees. Employers who pay $1500 and above per calendar quarter are mandated to pay FUTA. Unlike other payroll-based taxes, employers are not required to deduct FUTA from employees. Therefore, nothing should be withheld from Robert's income as unemployment tax.
PLEASE HELP QUICK!!!
Which of the following is an advantage of buying your home over renting?
(1 point)
O You do not have to worry about the housing market in your area.
O The amount you pay each month is set by the terms of your mortgage.
O If something breaks, you have to fix it or pay to have it fixed.
O Your mortgage payments will far exceed the value of your home.
Answers
Answer:
The amount you pay each month is set by the terms of your mortgage.
Explanation:
connexus
when making a major purchase, such as a new vehicle, one strategy to help lower the cost is to shop in a state nearby to yours that does not charge sales tax.
Answers
Shopping in a nearby state that does not charge sales tax is one strategy that can help lower the cost of making a major purchase, such as a new vehicle. In order to make sure you're getting the best deal, you should:
Research the total cost of the purchase, including any additional fees, in the state where you're making the purchase.
Research the cost of the same purchase in a nearby state that does not charge sales tax.
Compare the two prices and decide whether the cost savings of shopping in the nearby state outweighs the additional costs associated with traveling and purchasing the item there.
Remember to factor in any additional fees, such as registration, before you make your purchase in order to make sure you're getting the best deal.
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What is the most important factor in the spread of tb from lower-income countries to higher-income countries?
Answers
The most important factor in the spread of tuberculosis (TB) from lower-income countries to higher-income countries is international travel and migration. As people move across borders for various reasons such as tourism, business, work, or seeking better opportunities, they can carry infectious diseases, including TB, with them.
Lower-income countries often have higher rates of TB due to factors such as poverty, overcrowding, limited access to healthcare, and inadequate TB control programs. When individuals from these countries travel to higher-income countries, they may unknowingly bring the TB bacteria with them, potentially leading to new cases in the destination country.
TB is an airborne disease, primarily transmitted through the inhalation of droplets containing TB bacteria. Close and prolonged contact with an infectious individual is necessary for transmission. However, even brief exposure in confined spaces such as airplanes, trains, or crowded areas can pose a risk.
To mitigate the spread of TB, countries implement various measures, including screening individuals for TB infection or disease before travel, early detection and treatment of TB cases, and contact tracing to identify and monitor individuals who may have been exposed.
In conclusion, international travel and migration play a significant role in the spread of TB from lower-income countries to higher-income countries. It highlights the importance of robust public health measures, collaboration between countries, and effective TB control strategies to prevent the transmission of TB across borders and protect global health.
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How is Earth's magnetic field generated? What evidence do we have that Earth has a magnetic field surrounding the planet?
Answers
Earths magnetic field is generated by the planet's core.
Our evidence is freaking gravity. Without the magnetic field we would all be flying out into space and have no oxygen.
-Ɽ3₮Ɽ0 Ⱬ3Ɽ0
on apparatus equipped with air brakes, if the engine must run longer than the specified period of time to build sufficient air pressure:
Answers
On an apparatus equipped with air brakes, if the engine must run longer than the specified period of time to build sufficient air pressure, it may indicate a problem with the air brake system.
The air brake system relies on compressed air to activate the brakes, and if there is a leak or malfunction, the system may not build sufficient pressure within the allotted time. This can be dangerous, as it may result in decreased braking ability or complete brake failure.
To diagnose the issue, a mechanic should inspect the air brake system, including the air compressor, air dryer, and air lines, to check for leaks or malfunctions. Any defective parts should be replaced immediately. Regular maintenance and inspections of the air brake system can help prevent these types of issues from occurring and ensure the safety of the apparatus and its passengers.
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QUESTION 1 of 10: Chandra likes her new credit card. She uses it whenever she can, but she's careful to stay below her credit limit. After two months she notices her credit card bill includes huge finance charges. She chose her card because it featured 0% APR, so she doesn't think she should have any finance charges at all. What is the most likely explanation for the finance charges on Chandra's bill
Answers
Answer:
The introductory rate on the card is no longer in effect
Explanation:
Since in the question it is mentioned that after two months she notices that the credit card bill involves the high finance charges but she select the car that have % APR so here the explanation should be with respective to the finance charges is that the introductory rate would have no impact on the credit card
Therefore the same is to be considered
. the job cost sheet listed the following: direct materials $110,000 direct labor $60,000 manufacturing overhead applied $40,000 units produced 3,000 units units sold 1,800 units what is the cost of the finished goods inventory on hand from this job?
Answers
The cost of the finished goods inventory on hand from this job is $84,000.
To determine the cost of the finished goods inventory on hand from this job, we need to calculate the total cost of the units produced and subtract the cost of the units sold.
The direct materials cost for the job is $110,000, the direct labor cost is $60,000, and the manufacturing overhead applied is $40,000. The total cost incurred for the units produced is the sum of these costs: $110,000 + $60,000 + $40,000 = $210,000.
Since 3,000 units were produced and 1,800 units were sold, there are 1,200 units remaining in the finished goods inventory.
To find the cost of the finished goods inventory on hand, we divide the total cost by the number of units produced and multiply by the number of units remaining: ($210,000 / 3,000) x 1,200 = $84,000.
This represents the total cost of the units produced that have not yet been sold.
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What are three takeaways you learned from playing shady sam that will help you as a borrower in the future? be specific.
Answers
The player may not be content with his rewards after playing shady sam since he is bound to lose than win.
In the computer game shady Sam, the player mirrors a situation in which they are loaning cash to others.Every circumstance in this game incorporates two expected ways for the player to lose cash, which can prompt sensations of misery.Then again, because there is a more prominent likelihood of losing cash than acquiring cash while playing shady Sam, the player could feel regretful about how much cash he acquired.
This game can cause an emotion of dissatisfaction because each situation has two possibilities of losing money, which negatively impacts the player's mood.
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Which action would a government most likely take to reduce its
unemployment rate?
A. Use tax money to hire workers for government projects
B. Cut taxes on businesses that operate with very few workers
C. Increase taxes on businesses that operate outside the country
D. Cut off loans to businesses in order to reduce the money supply
SUBMIT
Answers
The unemployment rate is the unemployed divided by the sum of employed and unemployed, in order to reduce it the government can hire workers for a new project by using tax money.
What is the unemployment rate?It is the rate of unemployment calculated by the number of people unemployed to the total number of people employed and unemployed multiplied by 100.
In order to reduce it, the government can hire workers for a new project by using tax money
Therefore, option A can help in the reduction of the unemployment rate.
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What are the issues the company
will face if it suffers a devastating fire and will be unable to
produce products for the next 18 months. What is the action plan
that will minimize the impact on the c
Answers
If a company suffers a devastating fire and cannot produce goods for the next 18 months, it is likely to face a variety of issues, including loss of revenue and market share, as well as potential legal and regulatory consequences.
An action plan can be developed to reduce the impact on the company by taking specific steps.
Here are the issues the company will face if it suffers a devastating fire:
Loss of revenue: The inability to produce products for 18 months will result in a significant loss of revenue for the company. This may cause the company to lose its market position and profitability, which can lead to bankruptcy.
Legal and regulatory consequences: The fire and its aftermath may have legal and regulatory implications. The company may face legal claims from its employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. Additionally, regulatory bodies overseeing workplace safety and environmental standards may impose fines and penalties.
Loss of market share: The company may lose its market share and brand value due to the fire. Customers may lose faith in the company and its products, leading them to switch to more reliable competitors.
The following steps can be taken to minimize the impact on the company:
Implement a business continuity plan: Develop a business continuity plan (BCP) that outlines steps to cope with the effects of the fire. The BCP should include a contingency plan for product distribution and identify alternate production sites or partners.
Regular testing and review of the plan is essential to ensure its effectiveness.
Rebuild the company's reputation: After the fire, the company needs to rebuild its reputation. It should take measures to reassure customers, employees, and other stakeholders that it is actively addressing the situation and implementing measures to prevent future incidents. Compensation may be offered to those who suffered due to the fire.
Collaborate with stakeholders: The company should collaborate with its stakeholders to address the issues arising from the fire. This includes working closely with employees, suppliers, and regulatory bodies to resolve legal and regulatory implications.
The company may also consider strategic partnerships with other companies to meet its production needs during the recovery period.
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Jim paid $250,000 for an apartment building with a fair market value of $260,000. At the time of the sale, the building was appraised at $225,000. For income tax purposes, what would be the basis of the apartment building
Answers
The amount of $225,000 will be the would be the basis of the apartment building for income tax purposes.
Basically, the cost basis is the purchase cost which is $225,000.
The fair market value and appraised cost does not have anything to do with tax basis for income tax purposes.
In conclusion, the amount of $225,000 will be the would be the basis of the apartment building for income tax purposes
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Do you think electronic banking will grow so much that the country completely does away with cash? Why or why not? Explain.
Answers
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
because IT has helped banks to reduce operational costs , improve service quality and customer relations
Mary's baby was born at 28 weeks, and now part of her medical care includes massage several times a day.What are the benefits of the massage?
Answers
The benefits of massage for Mary's baby born at 28 weeks include improved weight gain, enhanced motor development, and reduced stress levels.
Massage therapy has been shown to have numerous positive effects on premature infants. One of the main benefits is improved weight gain. Regular massage can stimulate the release of growth hormones and increase the production of insulin, leading to better weight gain in premature babies. Additionally, massage can help enhance motor development by promoting muscle strength, coordination, and flexibility. It can stimulate the nervous system and encourage the development of motor skills.
Furthermore, massage therapy can help reduce stress levels in premature infants. Premature babies often experience high levels of stress due to their early entry into the world and the unfamiliar environment of the neonatal intensive care unit. Gentle massage techniques can provide comfort and relaxation, soothing the baby's nervous system and promoting better sleep patterns.
Overall, incorporating massage therapy as part of Mary's baby's medical care can offer various benefits, including improved weight gain, enhanced motor development, and reduced stress levels.
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Assume the economy is operating at P1Y2.
Which of the following would cause a shift to bring the economy to P3Yf?
Real wages fall.
Productivity increases.
Personal income taxes increase.
Transfer payments decrease.
A major hurricane hits the southeastern United States.
Answers
The decrease in aggregate demand would also reduce productivity and lead to a decrease in output and employment.
What is employment?Employment is an agreement between two parties, usually based on a contract, where work is exchanged for compensation, such as wages, salary, or commission. Employment is typically for a fixed period of time, and the employer usually has the right to dismiss an employee for a legitimate reason. Employment typically involves an exchange of services, knowledge, skills and experience for remuneration. Employment can be either full-time, part-time, or casual, depending on the type of job and the agreement between the employer and the employee.
A major hurricane hitting the southeastern United States would cause a shift to bring the economy to P3Yf as it would reduce aggregate demand in the affected areas, resulting in a decrease in consumption and investment spending. This would lead to a contraction in output and employment, resulting in a decrease in real wages, a decrease in transfer payments, and an increase in personal income taxes.
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The primary goal of a business competitive intelligence program should include some elements for it to be attainable, explain three (3) of the elements in detail.
Answers
A business competitive intelligence program should include clearly defined goals, diverse information sources, and effective analytical techniques to make it attainable.
A competitive intelligence program can be described as the organized gathering, analysis, and dissemination of information on a company's competitors, as well as the industries and environments in which they compete. Here are three elements that should be included in a business competitive intelligence program in order to make it attainable:
1. Clearly Defined Goals: In order to achieve business goals, it is essential to define goals that are realistic and attainable. As a result, competitive intelligence programs should include goals that have been clearly defined and agreed upon by the management team. For instance, the program might aim to identify competitor activities, new product launches, price changes, or other critical developments in the market.
2. Information Sources: In order to gather pertinent information, the competitive intelligence program must have access to various data sources. Information can come from a range of sources, including competitor websites, news articles, industry reports, and market analyses. The program should identify the data sources that are most useful and develop procedures for collecting information from them.
3. Analytical Techniques: Once data has been collected, it must be analyzed to be useful. As a result, it is critical to include analytical techniques in the competitive intelligence program. Data analysis methods include quantitative and qualitative techniques, such as SWOT analyses, Porter's Five Forces, and trend analysis, among others. These analytical methods will help companies to identify the most significant competitive threats and opportunities.
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5) What are 2 types of quotas?
Answers
Answer:
Two important types of quotas are absolute quotas and tariff-rate quotas.
Absolute quotas are quotas that limit the amount of a specific good that may enter a country. Tariff-rate quotas allow a quantity of a good to be imported under a lower duty rate; any amount above this is subject to a higher duty.
Explanation:
I'm taking a business class.
Which type of product is a basic or necessary item that is available almost everywhere? A) emergency product. B) staple. C) impulse product
Answers
A staple is a type of product that is considered a basic or necessary item that is available almost everywhere. The correct option is B.
Staples are products that are essential to our daily lives and are required on a regular basis.
These products can be found in almost every store, supermarket, or pharmacy. Examples of staples include food items like bread, milk, and eggs, toiletries such as soap and toothpaste, and household supplies such as cleaning products and toilet paper.Unlike impulse products, which are items that are purchased on a whim, staples are products that are purchased out of necessity. They are not typically purchased for the purpose of indulging in a momentary pleasure, but rather to fulfill a basic need. For this reason, staples tend to be less sensitive to price changes and are less likely to be influenced by marketing efforts.In summary, staples are a type of product that is considered a basic or necessary item that is available almost everywhere. They are essential products that are required on a regular basis and can be found in most stores.Know more about the Staples
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A physical item that can be touched is called
Answers
Answer:
Persom
Explanation:
At this stage in your life as a student, what investment would you recommend to save a portion of your money for your retirement
A invest in a security that carries higher risk and a higher rate of return
B invest in a low interest savings account
C invest in a checking account so that you can have immediate access to your money
D invest in some "safe" securities so that you can get the highest rate of return
Answers
Answer:
I don't know
Explanation:
sorry sorry if it's wrong pick b,c, and d
To maximize profits, Maria should sell _ loaves of ciabatta bread per hour
Answers
To maximize profits, Maria should sell 6 loaves of ciabatta bread per hour
What is Profit Maximization
Profit maximization is the technique used by corporations and enterprises to develop methods to increase earnings while reducing costs. Every company should have it as a primary goal because it is essential to their development.
Since maximizing profits from a company's operations is necessary for its survival, this is often thought to be its main goal.
In order words profit maximizing is the procedure used by businesses to determine the manufacture, cost, and output levels that will result in the most profits.
Therefore, a corporation must reach an equilibrium state in order to realize its full potential profits. When a company or producer's level of output results in the maximum, it is considered to have reached equilibrium.
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To maximize profits, Maria should sell 6 loaves of ciabatta bread per hour.
What is Profit Maximization?Profit maximization is the technique used by corporations and enterprises to develop methods to increase earnings while reducing costs. Every company should have it as a primary goal because it is essential to their development.
Based on the question;
Given that,
TR = Total Revenue
Q = Quantity of sale (units sold)
P = Price per unit of output
TR = P x Q
Given that,
MR = Marginal Revenue
ΔTR = Change in the Total revenue
ΔQ = Change in the units sold
TRn = Total Revenue of n units
TRn-1 = Total Revenue of n-1 units
MR = TRn - TRn-1
MC = TCn - TCn-1
From the given information, we will calculate the TR obtained at different units to get the MR(marginal revenue). So,
when
Q = 0 and P = 6 ----TR = PQ = 06 =0
Q = 1 and P = 5.50---- TR = 5.50
Q = 2 and P = 5---- TR = 10
Q = 3 and P = 4.50----TR = 13.5
Q = 4 and P = 4---- TR = 16
Q = 5 and P = 3.50---- TR = 17.5
Q = 6 and P = 3---- TR = 18
Q = 7 and P = 2.50---- TR = 17.5
Q = 8 and P = 2--- TR = 16
From the solved TR, we can say that:
MR as MR = TRn - TRn-1.
So, MR (0) = 0
MR(1) = TR1 - TR0
= 5.50-0 = 5.50
MR(2) = TR2-TR1
= 10-5.50
= 4.50.
Using the formula above.
MR(3) = 3.5
MR(4) =2.5, MR(5) = 1.5, MR(6) =0.5,MR(7) = -0.5 and MR(8) =-1.5.
From the given TC, MC can be calculated as:
MC = TCn - TCn-1
So, MC(0) = 0,
MC(1) = TC1 - TC0 = 4
MC(2) = TC2-TC1 = 3
MC(3) = 2.50, MC(4) = 2
MC(5) =1.5,MC(6) =1
MC(7) = 1.50 and MC(8) = 2.5.
To maximize profit, the condition will be:
MR=MC.
Based on data given, the MR is the same to MC at the point where the price is $3.50 and the quantity sold is sad to be 5 units.
Therefore, a corporation must reach an equilibrium state in order to realize its full potential profits. When a company or producer's level of output results in the maximum, it is considered to have reached equilibrium.
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Ralston purina is a leader in bringing new consumer goods to market and always is looking for new markets, which indicates that ralston purina?.
Answers
The strategy of continuously seeking new customers and/or new markets indicates that Ralston Purina is likely to have a flat and decentralized organization design.
Decentralization in business occurs when top management delegate daily operations and decision-making power to middle- and lower-level managers — and sometimes even team members.
A flat – or horizontal – organization is one that has decentralized leadership, few or no levels of management, information transparency, and employees who are empowered to make decisions. Many business leaders like the idea of a flat organization.
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25 points, Why are certain brands global? 3-4 sentences, please.
Answers
Answer: Certain Brands can be global because of their profits, Let's take cars for a example, Cars can be made and distributed based on the company if they can pay for all the shipping and everything, but it really depends on the company and what they are selling.
Explanation: