Each of the following firms benefits from barriers to entry in its industry. Indicate whether each of the barriers is natural or government created.

a. A small-town bar that is the only establishment in the county licensed to serve liquor.
b. A diamond company that owns nearly all of the world's diamond mines
c. A pharmaceutical company receives a patent for a new cancer-fighting drug
d. A soda company that spends over $3 billion on advertising every year
e. A waste-treatment plant that cost a lot to build even though it costs only two cents to treat each gallon of waste

Answer: investment

Explanation:

Investment spending refers to the spending that's made by an economic agent when a capital good is bought which will be used in producing further goods.

For example, the expenditures on new plants, capital equipment, machinery, and inventories isn't meant for immediate consumption but in order to help create further goods in the economy. Hence they are an investment expenditure.

Answer: insulations

Explanation:

Answer:

rat

Explanation:

Answer:

Consumers have more money to buy cars, and the prices of cars and car accessories rise as a result. an increase in prices for computers and computer accessories.

Explanation:

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Answer and Explanation:

There are two main pricing objective and strategy i.e competitive pricing and penetrative pricing which are explained below:

1. Competitive pricing :

In this Agatha's Inc, all five rivals should evaluate pricing models for a related kind of product. If your product has a little more value added than your collegaues, then you can establish a target price target that is higher than the competitors.  

Now to do that, it's necessary to send the customer a message that they're purchasing value for a price.

2. Penetrative pricing :

When the target price is set on the basis of the competitive pricing model , it is important to obtain the product favourably from the consumer and to do so you can start selling a little lower than the target price and sell the goods as a discount or promotional deal.

If the initial sales are strong and buyers like the product then return the product to target pricing and do intensive marketing to sell the message that the product 's cost is a bargain for the value provided by the company.

The mixture of the above two pricing strategies would ensure a better positioning of Agatha's Inc product with better profitability.

The given four pricing strategies are explained below:

1. Odd Pricing

Odd pricing is a method of pricing products when the price is an odd number. Example: Traditionally, certain shoe companies use strange pricing to determine the cost of their shoes and chappals, such as 399.95 $. The decision to set the price at an odd number makes perfect sense. Instead of 400$, 399.95 $ sounds better. It gives the appearance that the price is lower.

2. Price lining

In this instance, the price is set once, and it stays that way for a considerable amount of time.

3. Freemium pricing

Businesses can use freemium pricing as a pricing strategy to provide clients with both free and paid services. The paid alternatives are typically improved, or premium, versions of the service, whereas the free options are only the basic ones.

4. Leader pricing

A technique for pricing things below their profit margin is called leader pricing. Businesses who use this tactic don't earn from the sales of these discounted goods, but it might offer them a lot of advantages. Businesses may attract customers, promote purchases, raise overall sales, and strengthen customer loyalty by providing fantastic discounts to their customers.

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Answer:

Price of bond = $786.86

Explanation:

The value of the bond is the present value(PV) of the future cash receipts expected from the bond. The value is equal to present values of interest payment plus the redemption value (RV).

Value of Bond = PV of interest + PV of RV  

The value of bond would be worked out as follows:  

Step 1  

Calculate the PV of interest payments  

Annual interest payment  

= 6.6% × 1,000× 1/2= 33

PV of interest payment = A ×(1- (1+r)^(-n))/r  

r- semi-annual yield = 8.9%/2 =  4.45 %

n- 20× 2= 40

PV of interest payment= 33 × (1-(1.0445^(-40)/0.0445 =  611.611

Step 2  

PV of redemption Value  

PV = RV × (1+r)^(-n)

PV = 1,000 × (1.0445)^(-40) = 175.25

Step 3  

Price of bond

Price of bond= 611.611 + 175.25 = 786.862

Price of bond = $786.86

Answer:D

Explanation:

The provisions of Section 706(a) of the Bankruptcy Code permit debtors to convert a Chapter 7 case into a Chapter 13 case. However, the debtor cannot convert if the Chapter 7 case previously was converted from a case filed under a different chapter on request of a creditor, the trustee, or the bankruptcy court.

Purchasing a chair by emailing a credit card number to the chair owner activities poses the greatest personal cybersecurity risk.

Organizations are increasingly prioritizing cybersecurity risk as they embrace digital transformation and use cutting-edge technology solutions to boost productivity and drive business growth. Many businesses are also becoming more dependent on third- and fourth-party vendors and programs. These resources can help businesses succeed, but they also bring in new dangers and widen your digital attack surface.

Lack of a thorough understanding of the inherent risk that organizations assume when using these extra resources is one of the most frequent errors that organizations make. Organizations are better able to proactively manage and mitigate risks before they turn into bigger issues when everyone involved is aware of what to watch out for and what to do in the event of a problem.

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The company cannot continue its dividend policy expect: the company's cash balance is less than 1 million.

You may obtain information on how dividends impact investors online almost anyplace. Consistent revenue streams are one of the advantages for investors. However, a crucial aspect of many of these talks is absent, and that is the reason why some corporations employ dividends while others do not.

Some financial analysts think that because investors may make their own payouts, considering a dividend policy is pointless. According to these specialists, investors might increase their income by changing the asset allocation of their portfolios.

A substantial dividend distribution is crucial for investors, according to dividend proponents, since payouts offer assurance regarding the company's financial stability. Companies that have continuously paid dividends over the past few decades have often been among the most stable businesses. Therefore, a business that distributes dividends draws in investors and boosts demand for its shares.

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Answer:

4

Explanation:

investing in a diversitified portfolio instead of trying to time the market

The creditor is required to give Kate the name of the credit bureau that supplied the report under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). The FCRA is a federal law that regulates the collection, use, and disclosure of consumer credit information. Under the FCRA, creditors are required to provide consumers with a copy of their credit report upon request. They are also required to provide consumers with the name and address of each credit bureau that has provided them with a report within the past two years.

The other laws you mentioned are also important, but they do not specifically address the issue of providing consumers with the name of the credit bureau that supplied their report. The Fair Credit Billing Act (FCBA) regulates the billing practices of creditors and credit card companies. The Truth in Lending Law (TILA) requires lenders to disclose certain information to borrowers, such as the annual percentage rate (APR) and the total amount of interest that will be charged on a loan. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) prohibits creditors from discriminating against borrowers on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or because they receive income from a public assistance program.

Stockholders equity sectionPaid in the capital Common stock$1,000Additional paid-in capital in excess of par value-Common

The capital is a city where a region's system of rules is located. This is where government constructions are and where government leaders work. A region can be determined as a nation, state, province, or another political unit.

stock$39,000$40,000 Preferred Stock$7,000Additional paid in capital in excess of par value-Preferred Stock$3,000$10,000Total Paid-in capital$50,000Retained earnings$45,000Total Paid-in capital and Retained earnings$95,000Less:Treasury stock-$2,000Total Stockholder's equity$93,000

Therefore, the stockholders’  capital equity section of Westworld’s balance sheet. Stockholder's equity$93,000

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Answer:

a. we have:

Increase in profit of Pants if processed further = $31,550

Increase in profit of Shirts if processed further = $46,000

Decrease in profit of Coats if processed further = -$700

b. We have:

1. Both Pants and Shirts should be processed further.

2. Coats should should be sold as unfinished fabric.

Explanation:

a. Calculate the increase or decrease in profit if the products are processed further.

Note: See the part (a) of the attached excel file for calculation of the increase or decrease in profit if the products are processed further.

In the attached excel file, we have:

Increase in profit of Pants if processed further = $31,550

Increase in profit of Shirts if processed further = $46,000

Decrease in profit of Coats if processed further = -$700

b. Assume that the $400,000 in costs is allocated based on the number of units of output. Which products should be sold as unfinished fabric and which should be further processed?

Note: See the part (b) of the attached excel file for calculation of the increase or decrease in profit if the products are processed further.

In the attached excel file, we have:

Increase in profit of Pants if processed further = $31,550

Increase in profit of Shirts if processed further = $46,000

Decrease in profit of Coats if processed further = -$700

Since both there are increases in the profits of both Pants and Shirts if they are processed further, this implies that both Pants and Shirts should be processed further.

Since there is a decrease in the profits of Coats if it is processed further, this implies that Coats should should be sold as unfinished fabric.

The principle of indemnity is the idea that you can never recover more than the loss is worth, regardless of the amount of insurance that you have.

Loss occur due to some unplanned circumstances. It could be loss of live and properties such as cars and house.

Insurance allows us to have a backup in case of loss.

Therefore, The principle of indemnity is the idea that you can never recover more than the loss is worth, regardless of the amount of insurance that you have.

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Answer:

B. Exporting

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Terminal value of business Formula = FCF (1+g)/(WACC- g)

Where:

FCF= current free cash flow = 100  

g= Growth rate = 2%  

WACC = Weighted average cost of capital = Cost of capital = 5%

Terminal Value of the business= FCF (1+g)/(WACC- g)

Terminal Value of the business= 100 (1+2%)/(5%- 2%)

Terminal Value of the business= 3,400

The United States is rapidly and inescapably transitioning to an entrepreneurial economy, Pete Druker claimed, but he was not alone in this assertion.

They stimulate new employment through the development of novel goods and services, which eventually accelerates economic growth. Therefore, it should be understood that entrepreneurship-promoting public policy is crucial for economic growth.

Innovation and creativity, taking calculated risks, succeeding in those risks, organizing and managing one's business, catalyzing economic growth, getting through resistance to change, and doing research are some of the various aspects of entrepreneurship.

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The expected share return is 10%.

Percentage is the fraction of an amount expressed as a number out of hundred. The sign used to denote percentages is %. Percentages are used to measure frequency.

Probability determines the odds that a random event would happen. The probability the event occurs is 1 and the probability that the event does not occur is 0. The more likely the event is to happen, the closer the probability value would be to 1. The less likely it is for the event not to happen, the closer the probability value would be to zero.

The expected share return = (0.2 x 5) + (0.6 x 10) + (0.2 x 15%)

1 + 6 + 3 = 10%

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At the most fundamental level, management is a discipline that consists of a set of five general functions: planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling. These five functions are part of a body of practices and theories on how to be a successful manager.

Answer:

2°F, or ±1.0°C

Explanation:

As a result, the city of Pleasantville instituted clawbacks by rescinding the tax breaks.

When the government gives you a tax break, it approaches you're getting a reduction to your taxes. A tax spoil can be available in a selection of forms, consisting of claiming deductions or excluding profits from your tax return.

Here are the five biggest tax credits you just might qualify for that could have a prime effect on your income and tax situation.

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Answer:

Economic growth can be caused by random fluctuations, seasonal fluctuations, changes in the business cycle, and long-term structural causes. Policy can influence the latter two.

Business cycles refer to the regular cyclical pattern of economic boom (expansions) and bust (recessions). Recessions are characterized by falling output and employment; at the opposite end of the spectrum is an “overheating” economy, characterized by unsustainably rapid economic growth and rising inflation. Capital investment spending is the most cyclical component of economic output, whereas consumption is one of the least cyclical. Government can temper booms and busts through the use of monetary and fiscal policy. Monetary policy refers to changes in overnight interest rates by the Federal Reserve. When the Fed wishes to stimulate economic activity, it reduces interest rates; to curb economic activity, it raises rates. Fiscal policy refers to changes in the federal budget deficit. An increasing deficit stimulates economic activity, whereas a decreasing deficit curbs it. By their nature, policy changes to influence the business cycle affect the economy only temporarily because booms and busts are transient. In recent decades, expansions have become longer and recessions shallower, perhaps because of improved stabilization policy, or perhaps because of good luck.

This function of marketing is responsible for identifying and reducing risks associated with marketing decisions is risk management. So risk management is correct option of the given statement.

IT risk management refers to the use of risk management techniques to handle IT threats. Procedures, guidelines, and tools for evaluating possible risks and weaknesses in IT infrastructure are part of IT risk management.

The process of discovering, evaluating, and managing risks to people, assets, liabilities, and income is known as risk management. The ultimate purpose of risk management is the preservation of the organization's material and human resources to ensure the smooth continuation of its business operations.

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Answer:

D. Risk Management

Explanation:

From the word problem given, the woman is  Dr. Black, and her hair color is white. Dr. White has black hair, and Dr. Brown has brown hair.

This is a word problem which we can approach from a different perspective

Let's start by making a table with the information given:

             White Brown Black

Name White Brown Black

Gender   ?               ? ?

Hair        ?               ? ?

From the first sentence, we know that there is one woman among the three, so we can fill in the Gender row with:

               White Brown Black

Name White Brown Black

Gender F         ?         ?

Hair    ?        ?         ?

From the second sentence, we know that the woman does not have brown hair, so we can fill in the Hair row with:

               White Brown Black

Name White Brown Black

Gender F          ?          ?

Hair        B/W          ?          ?

The Hair row shows the possible hair colors for each person. B/W means that the person can have either black or white hair.

From the third sentence, we know that each person has a different hair color, so we can eliminate the possibility of all three having different hair colors. Therefore, two people must have one of the hair colors (either black or white), and the third person must have the other hair color.

Let's assume that Dr. White has white hair. Then, according to the second sentence, Dr. Brown must have black hair, and Dr. Black must have brown hair. But this contradicts the fourth sentence, which states that none of them have hair that matches their name.

So our assumption was incorrect. Let's assume that Dr. White has black hair. Then, Dr. Black must have white hair, and Dr. Brown must have brown hair. This satisfies all the conditions, and we have a unique solution.

Therefore, the woman is Dr. Black, and her hair color is white. Dr. White has black hair, and Dr. Brown has brown hair.

               White  Brown      Black

Name  White Brown Black

Gender    F        ?      F

Hair                B       B    W

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From the given data, it appears that the expenses result in a negative value of $-14,000. This indicates a deficit, which suggests that the company's liabilities and owner's equity exceed its assets.

To determine the total expenses based on the given data, we need to use the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity. In this case, we are given the values of assets, owner's equity, and liabilities.

Assets = $72,000

Owner's Equity = $70,000

Liabilities = $16,000

Using the accounting equation, we can calculate the total expenses by rearranging the equation:

Expenses = Assets - Liabilities - Owner's Equity

Expenses = $72,000 - $16,000 - $70,000

Expenses = $-14,000

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In the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows, the amount related to this transaction would be the loss of $3,248 added back to the net income.

In the indirect method of preparing the statement of cash flows, the operating activities section includes adjustments to net income for non-cash items and changes in working capital. The sale of a fixed asset and the loss incurred from it are both non-cash items that need to be considered.

Since the loss from the sale of the fixed asset is $3,248, this loss is added back to the net income when calculating the operating activities section. This is because the loss is a non-cash expense and does not represent an actual outflow of cash.

Therefore, in the operating activities section of the statement of cash flows, the amount related to this transaction would be the loss of $3,248 added back to the net income. This adjustment would increase the net income by $3,248 in the operating activities section, reflecting that the loss from the sale of the fixed asset does not affect the cash generated or used by the operating activities of the corporation.

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1. Payback period will be 2 years.

2. The rate of accounting return on investment for the machine is 35%.

To calculate the payback period, we need to determine the number of years it takes for the company to recover the initial investment of $1 million.

Step 1: Calculate the annual net cash flow.

Annual net cash flow = Annual revenues - Annual expenses excluding taxes

Annual net cash flow = $1,200,000 - $700,000 = $500,000

Step 2: Determine the payback period.

Payback period = Initial investment / Annual net cash flow

Payback period = $1,000,000 / $500,000

Payback period = 2 years

Therefore, the payback period for the investment in the machine is 2 years.

To calculate the rate of accounting return on investment, we need to determine the average annual net income generated by the investment.

Step 1: Calculate the average annual net income.

Average annual net income = (Annual revenues - Annual expenses excluding taxes) * (1 - Tax rate)

Average annual net income = $500,000 * (1 - 0.30)

Average annual net income = $350,000

Step 2: Calculate the rate of accounting return on investment.

Rate of accounting return on investment = Average annual net income / Initial investment * 100

Rate of accounting return on investment = $350,000 / $1,000,000 * 100

Rate of accounting return on investment = 35%

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