during the citric acid cycle fadh2 and nadh are produced. what purpose do these molecules serve in the electron transport chain (etc)?
Answers
During the citric acid cycle, FADH2 and NADH are produced as a result of the breakdown of acetyl-CoA.
These molecules serve as electron carriers in the electron transport chain (ETC).
The ETC is a series of electron carriers located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
FADH2 and NADH donate electrons to the first complex of the ETC, which then passes them down the chain, creating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
This proton gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
In summary, FADH2 and NADH produced during the citric acid cycle play a crucial role in generating ATP via the ETC.
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FADH2 and NADH produced during the citric acid cycle serve as crucial electron carriers that are essential for generating ATP through the ETC.
During the electron transport chain (ETC), FADH2 and NADH serve as electron carriers. They donate their electrons to the ETC, which then uses the energy released from their movement to generate ATP. Specifically, NADH donates its electrons to Complex I of the ETC, while FADH2 donates its electrons to Complex II. These complexes use the energy released from electron movement to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Related Questions
Which statement describes the relationship between diagram X and Y?
Answers
Answer:
third point described the relationship between X and Y
winter wheat is a flowering plant that normally flowers in the spring after cold exposure. how would winter wheat be affected by a mutation that prevents the production of the small rna molecules that affect flowering locus c?
Answers
Winter wheat that got affected by a mutation that prevents the production of the small RNA molecules that affect the flowering will show that its flowers won't appear at all or will appear but late.
Winter wheat is a strain of wheat that is planted in the autumn to germinate. It will develop into young plants but will stay in the vegetative phase during the winter before resuming its growth in early spring.
The thing that makes winter wheat different from spring wheat is that the winter wheat plants are acclimated to the cold temperatures. This acclimation is most likely due to the gradual decrease in daily temperatures during its germinating period.
Attached below is an image of an ear of winter wheat.
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How does the structure of nerve cells at the back of the eye support the nervous tissue's function?
Answers
Answer: The structure of the nerve cells in the retina allows for the efficient capture, processing, and transmission of visual information to the brain, which is crucial for the nervous tissue's function of vision.
Explanation:
The structure of nerve cells at the back of the eye, specifically in the retina, plays a crucial role in supporting the nervous tissue's function. The retina is made up of several layers of cells, including photoreceptor cells (rods and cones), bipolar cells, and ganglion cells. These cells work together to convert the light that enters the eye into electrical signals that can be processed by the brain.
The photoreceptor cells, specifically the rods and cones, are responsible for capturing light and converting it into electrical signals. The rods are sensitive to low light and are responsible for night vision, while the cones are sensitive to bright light and are responsible for color vision.
The bipolar cells and ganglion cells act as intermediaries between the photoreceptor cells and the brain. Bipolar cells receive the electrical signals from the photoreceptor cells and transmit them to the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells then transmit the signals to the brain via the optic nerve.
The retina also contains specialized cells called horizontal cells and amacrine cells, which modulate the signals passing between the bipolar cells and photoreceptor cells and also help to sharpen the image by adjusting the sensitivity of the photoreceptor cells.
a. how did births, deaths, immigration, and emigration likely affect the rabbit population during its first two years on the island?
Answers
Births, deaths, immigration, and emigration would depend on initial population size, reproductive rates, survival, and influx/outflow.
If rabbits from other areas migrate to the island during the first two years, it could lead to an increase in the rabbit population. The arrival of new individuals through immigration can have significant effects. Firstly, it can introduce genetic diversity to the population, which can enhance its resilience and adaptability to the island's conditions.
Genetic diversity provides a wider range of traits and variations that may help the population better cope with environmental challenges, such as changes in resource availability or disease outbreaks. Secondly, immigrants may bring different behavioral or physiological characteristics, which can potentially benefit the population.
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A ____ surface will absorb all colors.
A green surface will absorb all colors and reflect ____
Answers
Answer:
A Black surface will absorb all colors.
A green surface will absorb all colors and reflect green.
=> Any surface which absorbs all the colors appear to be black because no color is reflected.
=> A surface color is a color which is reflected by it.
For example:
If a surface is red colored, This means that it reflects red color. That's why it appears to be red.
\(\rule[225]{225}{2}\)
Hope this helped!
~AH1807A mutation that causes a human to have 11 ptosis 
Answers
Chromosome 11 is where the genetic material that causes Jacobsen syndrome is lost. A mutation that causes a human to have 11 Ptosis is Jacobsen syndrome.
Chromosome 11 is where the genetic material that causes Jacobsen syndrome is lost. Jacobsen syndrome is also known as 11q terminal deletion disease since this loss affects the long (q) arm of chromosome 11.
Ptosis may be caused by enlargement of the lid, injury to the nerve that regulates the eyelid muscles, issues with muscular strength (as in myasthenia gravis), or a combination of these.
By regulating ipsilateral eye movements, pupil constriction, and elevation of the upper eyelid, the oculomotor (third) cranial nerve contributes significantly to the function of the efferent visual system. As a result, damage to the third cranial nerve may result in diplopia, pupil mydriasis, and/or ptosis of the upper eyelid.
Therefore, the correct answer is Jacobsen syndrome.
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(WILL GIVE BRAINLIST) A student investigated the effect of root space on plant growth. The student grew two groups of plants of the same variety. Both groups received the same amount of water and sunlight and grew in the same type of soil. The plants in Group A were grown in cube-shaped containers that were 3 centimeters deep. The plants in Group B were grown in cube-shaped containers that were 10 centimeters deep. The table shows the student's observations (picture provided). What was the effect of root space on plant growth based on the student's investigation? Use the data from the table to support your answer. Explain how you would know whether this effect was likely due to environmental or genetic factors.
Answers
Answer:
pls someone
Explanation:
please I'm gonna fail /hj
Geologists are conducting a study on many layers of different types of rock in the Grand Canyon. These geologists will likely find ancient fossils that reveal the history of life near the Grand Canyon in....
Answers
Complete question:
Geologists are conducting a study on many layers of different types of rock in the Grand Canyon. These geologists will likely find ancient fossils that reveal the history of life near the Grand Canyon in
igneous rock layers layers of sedimentary rock layers of volcanic rock. metamorphic rock layersAnswer:
layers of sedimentary rock
Explanation:
Most rocks in the Grand Canyon are sedimentary rocks, formed while sediments of sand and mud got deposited in thick layers and got compacted through the pass of time until becoming a rock. Sedimentary rocks have been chronologically accumulating for years, reflecting the geological formation known as superposition. According to this sedimentary deposition, we can distinguish the older rocks located in the deepest areas from the younger rocks in more superficial layers.
As the sedimentary layers were deposited chronologically, they reflect the canyon history by keeping in each layer some of the forms of life that used to inhabit this area in the past. Such is the example of the superficial limestone stratum where many marine animal fossils are found, like clams, fish, and corals.
Which solution would be better to implement? Justify your awnser
Answers
Answer:
??
Explanation:
There isn't any particular question how are we supposed to justify our answer!
Which plant is the only kingdom that has cell walls, autotrophic and multicellular?
Answers
The plant kingdom is the only kingdom that has cell walls, is autotrophic, and multicellular. These three characteristics define plants and set them apart from other living organisms.
Cell walls: Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls, which are made up of cellulose. Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that provides rigidity and support to the plant. The cell wall also helps to protect the plant cell from damage. Autotrophic: Plants are autotrophic, which means they are able to produce their own food. This is achieved through the process of photosynthesis, in which plants use energy from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. This process is vital for the survival of not only plants, but also all other living organisms.
Multicellular: Plants are multicellular organisms, which means they are made up of many cells. These cells work together to perform various functions such as photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and reproduction.
In summary, the combination of cell walls, autotrophy, and multicellularity are what make plants unique and essential to life on Earth.
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What role do smooth muscle cells perform in a human body?
Answers
5. Which is an example of a totipotent cell?
A. blastocyst
B. bone cell
C. fertilized egg
D. lymphocyte
Answers
Answer:
c. Fertilized egg
Explanation:
Because is the unique organic one and also i got that on the test
Mitosis results in which of the following?
A. Two cells with different genes.
B. Two cells with identical genes.
C. Four cells with different genes.
D. Four cells with identical genes
Answers
Answer:
B - Two identical daughter cells
Explanation:
In mitosis, the sister chromatids of each chromosome seperate so each daughter cell takes one chromatid from each chromosome
what are complications you may see as a result of poor nutrition?
Answers
Answer:
being overweight or obese. tooth decay. high blood pressure.
Explanation:
''Poor nutrition can contribute to stress, tiredness and our capacity to work, and over time, it can contribute to the risk of developing some illnesses and other health problems.''
Many people from India come to the U.S. to work. Which of the following is a way in which America's foreign policy affects people in India?
Answers
It's important to note that the impact of America's foreign policy on people in India can be complex and multifaceted, with both positive and negative consequences depending on the specific policy decisions and their implementation.
What is Work?
Work, in the context of physics and mechanics, is defined as the transfer of energy that occurs when an object is moved against a force over a distance. It is the application of force to move an object over a certain distance in the direction of the applied force.
There are several ways in which America's foreign policy can affect people in India, including:
Economic and trade policies: America's foreign policy decisions on economic and trade matters, such as tariffs, sanctions, and trade agreements, can have direct or indirect impacts on India's economy.
Immigration policies: U.S. immigration policies, including visa regulations and quotas, can affect the movement of people between India and the U.S.
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phenylketonuria (pku) is a recessive human disorder in which an individual cannot appropriately break down the amino acid phenylalanine. this amino acid is not naturally produced by humans. which of the following treatments would be most effective for people with pku?
Answers
following the diet which strictly avoid the intake of phenylalanine will be the best treatment for phenylketonuria (pku) disorder
When a person with phenylketonuria (PKU) consumes foods high in protein or consumes aspartame, an artificial sweetener, a hazardous accumulation of phenylalanine can occur. Long-term health issues may result from this. Although PKU cannot be cured, early diagnosis and treatment can help avoid serious health issues as well as intellectual disability and other limits in one's capacity for thinking, understanding, and communication.
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People with takahara's disease don't produce catalase. Although often asymptomatic, this condition can lead to recurrent oral infections by peroxide-generating bacteria. How would you diagnose a catalase deficiency
Answers
The catalase deficiency during Takahara's disease can be diagnosed by: swishing H₂O₂ around the oral cavity and checking for the presence of bubbles.
Catalase is an enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of H₂O₂ into water and oxygen. It is found in almost all the aerobic organisms. The enzyme is required to protect an organism from the reactive oxygen species. The enzyme in humans is found in their liver.
Takahara's disease is also known by the name acatalasemia. It is the condition in which open soars, also called ulcers appear on the mouth. This leads to the death of soft tissues, a condition called gangrene. It is a rare genetic disorder.
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Writing Prompt:
Compose a 6-8 sentence argumentative essay detailing your stance on whether genetics and environment excuse sinful behavior. Can some of the sinful choices people make be justified as just a result of external influences that are out of their control? Explain your reasoning with 3-4 supporting ideas.
Cite 1-2 Bible verses provided below to support your response to the prompt.
Bible Passages
Psalm 79:8-9 New International Version (NIV)
8 Do not hold against us the sins of past generations;
may your mercy come quickly to meet us,
for we are in desperate need.
9 Help us, God our Savior,
for the glory of your name;
deliver us and forgive our sins
for your name’s sake.
Romans 6:11-13, 7:14-25, 8:1-4 New International Reader's Version (NIRV)
11 In the same way, consider yourselves to be dead as far as sin is concerned. Now you believe in Christ Jesus. So consider yourselves to be alive as far as God is concerned. 12 So don’t let sin rule your body, which is going to die. Don’t obey its evil desires. 13 Don’t give any part of yourself to serve sin. Don’t let any part of yourself be used to do evil. Instead, give yourselves to God. You have been brought from death to life. So give every part of yourself to God to do what is right.
---
7 What should we say then? That the law is sinful? Not at all! Yet I wouldn’t have known what sin was unless the law had told me. The law says, “Do not want what belongs to other people.” (Exodus 20:17; Deuteronomy 5:21) If the law hadn’t said that, I would not have known what it was like to want what belongs to others. 8 But the commandment gave sin an opportunity. Sin caused me to want all kinds of things that belong to others. A person can’t sin by breaking a law if that law doesn’t exist. 9 Before I knew about the law, I was alive. But then the commandment came. Sin came to life, and I died. 10 I found that the commandment that was supposed to bring life actually brought death. 11 When the commandment gave sin the opportunity, sin tricked me. It used the commandment to put me to death. 12 So the law is holy. The commandment also is holy and right and good.
13 Did what is good cause me to die? Not at all! Sin had to be recognized for what it really is. So it used what is good to bring about my death. Because of the commandment, sin became totally sinful.
14 We know that the law is holy. But I am not. I have been sold to be a slave of sin. 15 I don’t understand what I do. I don’t do what I want to do. Instead, I do what I hate to do. 16 I do what I don’t want to do. So I agree that the law is good. 17 As it is, I am no longer the one who does these things. It is sin living in me that does them. 18 I know there is nothing good in my desires controlled by sin. I want to do what is good, but I can’t. 19 I don’t do the good things I want to do. I keep on doing the evil things I don’t want to do. 20 I do what I don’t want to do. But I am not really the one who is doing it. It is sin living in me that does it.
21 Here is the law I find working in me. When I want to do good, evil is right there with me. 22 Deep inside me I find joy in God’s law. 23 But I see another law working in me. It fights against the law of my mind. It makes me a prisoner of the law of sin. That law controls me. 24 What a terrible failure I am! Who will save me from this sin that brings death to my body? 25 I give thanks to God who saves me. He saves me through Jesus Christ our Lord.
So in my mind I am a slave to God’s law. But sin controls my desires. So I am a slave to the law of sin.
---
1 Those who belong to Christ Jesus are no longer under God’s judgment. 2 Because of what Christ Jesus has done, you are free. You are now controlled by the law of the Holy Spirit who gives you life. The law of the Spirit frees you from the law of sin that brings death. 3 The written law was made weak by the power of sin. But God did what the written law could not do. He made his Son to be like those who live under the power of sin. God sent him to be an offering for sin. Jesus suffered God’s judgment against our sin. 4 Jesus does for us everything the holy law requires. The power of sin should no longer control the way we live. The Holy Spirit should control the way we live.
Answers
I am of the notion that genetics and environment doesn't excuse sinful behavior.
What is Sinful behavior?This is referred to as an Immoral or ungodly acts and some examples include lying , stealing etc.
We are also aware that certain types of behavior are influenced by the environment or the genetic constituent of an individual but at the same time we have the power to control what we do by turning down or refusing to act in a way that is sinful.
This can be done by praying to God for the power to resist different forms of temptations which are often caused by lack of some important things and is the reason why our relationship with the supreme being should be much stronger so as to reach the goal of getting to heaven at the end of our stay on earth.
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From the information on linkage, chromosomal mapping, and many associated phenomena, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions?
Part A
How was it established experimentally that the frequency of recombination (crossing over) between two genes is related to the distance between them along the chromosome?
Answers
Crossing over is the exchange of chromosome segments between non-sister chromatids during meiosis. This process is one of the mechanisms responsible for genetic diversity and also serves as the basis for genetic mapping. Genetic mapping is used to determine the position of genes on a chromosome.
To establish experimentally that the frequency of recombination between two genes is related to the distance between them along the chromosome, the following steps must be followed: The frequency of recombinants is determined by cross-breeding parent organisms with different traits. Determining the distance between the two genes is the next step in the process. This is accomplished by observing the percentage of recombinant progeny that result from a particular cross. The distance between the genes is proportional to the frequency of recombinant progeny. Crossing over occurs more frequently between genes that are far apart on the chromosome than those that are close together. As a result, genes that are close together are less likely to cross over and produce recombinant offspring.
To determine the distance between genes on the chromosome, a mapping function is used. By analyzing the frequency of recombinant progeny resulting from different crosses, the distance between the genes can be calculated. This distance is proportional to the frequency of recombinants.
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What would happen to an animal cell with an internal salt concentration of 0.8% if it were placed in a salt solution with a concentration of 0.2%? Why?
Answers
Answer:
This simply explain the concept of osmosis. A solution of 0.8% is lower in conc. (hypotonic)compare to that of 0..2%(hypertonic)Therefore, the inner cells layer would lose water to higher hypertonic concentrated medium.
water flows from .8% to salt solution of 0.2%
This follows the concept of osmosis which is the movement of water molecule from the region of higher water potential(.08) to region of lower water potential(0.2) but high solute potential, through a semiportable ,membrane, the plasma membrane.
Explanation:
In monitor lizards, Striped scales are dominant over Spotted scales. However, this is an example of incomplete dominance. Heterozygous monitor lizards will be Striped and Spotted.A Striped and Spotted lizard is crossed with another Striped and Spotted lizard. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
Answers
The possible genotypes of the offspring are SS, Ss, and ss. The possible phenotypes of the offspring are Striped and spotted.
The cross of two Striped and Spotted monitor lizards will produce different genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. Since this cross exhibits incomplete dominance, heterozygous monitor lizards have both Striped and Spotted scales.
The genotypes of the parents are Ss. This is because they are both heterozygous. For the F1 generation, we can use the Punnett square to find the possible genotypes of the offspring.
| S | s
---|---|---
S | SS | Ss
s | Ss | ss
The Punnett square shows that there are three possible genotypes of the offspring: SS, Ss, and ss. However, there are only two possible phenotypes because both the SS and Ss genotypes exhibit striped scales.
The possible genotypes of the offspring and their corresponding phenotypes are:
- SS: Striped
- Ss: Striped and spotted
- ss: Spotted
The genotypes of the parents are Ss, which means they are both heterozygous. Using a Punnett square, we can determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring. The Punnett square shows that there are three possible genotypes: SS, Ss, and ss. However, there are only two possible phenotypes: Striped and spotted. Therefore, the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring are:
- SS: Striped
- Ss: Striped and spotted
- ss: Spotted
Therefore, the possible genotypes of the offspring are SS, Ss, and ss. The possible phenotypes of the offspring are Striped and spotted.
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help me help me pls pls
Answers
Answer:
Cell 3
Explanation:
Cell 1:
4 x 3.14 = 12.56 - Surface area
4/3 x 3.14 = 4.18 - area
Cell 2:
16 x 3.14 = 50.24 - Surface area
32/3 x 3.14 = 33.47 - area
Cell 3:
36 x 3.14 = 113.04 - Surface area
108/3 x 3.14 = 113.04 - area
Ratios:
Cell 1:
12.56:4.18 = 1:1/3
Cell 2:
50.24:33.47 = 1:5/6
Cell 3:
113.04:113.04 = 1:1
Isolated DNA is susceptible to enzymes that degrade DNAse. They require the cofactor ________ which the chelex solution binds to tightly. Select one: a. Cl- b. K+ c. Ca2+ d. Mg2+ e. N
Answers
Isolated DNA is susceptible to enzymes that degrade DNAse, and these enzymes require the cofactor (option) d, Mg2+ (Magnesium ion) for their activity.
The chelex solution binds tightly to Mg2+ and removes it from the reaction, thereby inhibiting the DNAse enzymes.
Isolated DNA is vulnerable to degradation by DNAse enzymes, which are naturally present in cells and tissues. These enzymes cleave the phosphodiester bonds in DNA molecules, resulting in the breakdown of the DNA. However, the activity of DNAse enzymes is dependent on the presence of certain cofactors, such as metal ions. In the case of DNAse enzymes, the cofactor required for their activity is Mg2+ (Magnesium ion).
To protect isolated DNA from DNAse degradation, researchers often use the chelex solution. Chelex is a chelating resin that binds tightly to metal ions, including Mg2+. When chelex is added to a solution containing isolated DNA, it sequesters the Mg2+ ions and removes them from the reaction. As a result, the DNAse enzymes are deprived of the essential cofactor Mg2+, rendering them inactive. This inhibition of DNAse activity allows the isolated DNA to remain intact and protected from degradation.
In conclusion, the cofactor required by DNAse enzymes for their activity is Mg2+ (Magnesium ion). The chelex solution binds tightly to Mg2+, removing it from the reaction and effectively inhibiting the DNAse enzymes, thereby protecting isolated DNA from degradation.
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what is the significance of black eyed peas and cabbage for new years
Answers
Which term describes the chromosomal abnormality of having three copies of a single chromosome? haploidy diploidy trisomy tetrasomy
Answers
Answer:
trisomy
Explanation:
The prefix tri- means three
The prefix di-means two
The prefix tetra- means four
Answer:
The answer is Trisomy.
Explanation:
The word "Tri-" means having three times the single amount of something.
What isn’t an example of Homeostasis
Answers
take someone/thing
Explanation:
it means you take someone or take a thing that you can touch to a different country
A teacher plans to buy pizza for her 25 students, and she wants each student to get at least oone piece of pizza. Each pizza costs $7.00, and there are many toppings to choose from. Which quantity would be most useful in determining how many pizzas the teacher should buy
Answers
Answer:
Number of pieces per pizza.
Explanation:
What do 2 sister chromatids make?
Answers
The 2 sister chromatids join together at the centromere to make a chromosome.
Centromere can be seen as the highly constricted region in the chromosome. The spindle fibers also attach with the chromosome at this region during the process of cell division. The DNA at the centromere is highly repetitive.
Chromosome is the most condensed form of DNA. It is comprised of DNA and the histone proteins. The histone proteins play a major role in the formation of chromosome. Each chromosome has two equal copies called sister chromatids that are attached together at the centromere. The ends of sister chromatids are called telomeres.
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What is the mean of "Saprophytic"...
Answers
Answer:
Obtaining food by absorbing dissolved organic material.
Explanation:
They feed on dead and decaying matter. Fungi and species of bacteria are an example of Saprophytes. Some examples of saprophytic plant species are Indian pipe, Corallorhiza orchids, Mushrooms, and molds Mycorrhizal fungi.
help me pls, which one is correct?
Answers
Answer:
yes you need to get the last two
Explanation:
did the thing