DH
QUESTION 1
[11]
Give reasons that might help to explain the following observations:
a)
A student was unsuccessful to prepare a Grignard reagent from 4-bromocyclohexanol.
b)
Benzenesulfonic acid does not undergo Friedel-Crafts alkylation.
c)
(2S, 3R)-2,3-Dibromobutane has a specific rotation, [a]o, of 0°.
d)
A student tries to prepare an ether via the Williamson ether synthesis from ethanol and
t-butyl bromide, but obtains an alkene instead.
e)
Doubling the concentration of a nucleophile has no effect on the rate of a substitution
reaction.
Answers
a. 4- bromocyclohexanol is an acidic proton
b. Benzenesulfonic acid deactivates the entire process
c. (2S, 3R)-2,3-Dibromobutane are racemic mixtures
d. Williamson synthesis cannot be used with tertiary alkyl halides
e. Nucleophiles are not involved in the rate determining step
The reasons that might help to explain the following observations are:a. Grignard reagents cannot be made if acidic functional groups are also present in the halogen compound and it is also destroyed by reaction with acidic hydrogen atoms of water, alcohols, phenols, or carboxylic acid groups.
4-bromocyclohexanol is an acidic proton compound
b. Benzenesulfonic acid does not undergo Friedel-Crafts alkylation because the carboxylic group causes deactivation, carboxylic group and the Lewis acid catalyst are also bonded in the process.
c. (2S, 3R)-2,3-Dibromobutane has a specific rotation, [a]o, of 0° are racemic mixtures having equal and opposite specific rotations and a racemic mixture has a specific rotation of zero (0°)
d. This is because the Williamson synthesis cannot be used with tertiary alkyl halides which in this case is t-butyl bromide because they undergo elimination reactions instead of participating in SN2 reactions and form alkenes instead of ethers.
e. Doubling the concentration of a nucleophile has no effect on the rate of a substitution reaction because the nucleophile is not involved in the rate-determining step of the SN-1 reaction.
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Related Questions
write a balanced nuclear equation for the beta decay of selenium-77
*HELP* *SHOW WORK*
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The equation for the beta decay of 77Se is:3477Se --> 3377As + 10e
where the 10e is a positive beta particle or positron.
Explain how the law conservation of mass is related to balancing equations
Answers
Answer:
The law of conservation of mass is crucial to balancing equations because the law states that mass in an isolated system cannot be created nor destroyed. Therefore, it's related to balancing equations because you cannot add more moles of an element or compound to the product side without adding it to the reactant side. Everything on one side of the equation MUST be present on the other side.
A hereditary mutation is one that is unique to the individual organism?
True or false
Answers
Answer:
I think it is True
Explanation:
Why is gravity the dominant force among planets?
Answers
Answer:
But when we are talking about larger scales, like astronomical ones, gravity is dominant. The main reasons for this are that gravity has a longer range than the other forces (this shows that distance is important in both cases), and the second reason is that there is nothing in existence with negative mass.
What is true of an earthquake that causes major damage to buildings in an area?
It has a high magnitude.
It has a high frequency.
It has a low frequency.
It has a low magnitude.
Answers
The correct option is :
=》It has a high magnitude.
the damage caused by an earthquake is proportional to its magnitude, as much the magnitude is, that much damage will be caused by it.
The term used to indicate and earthquake that causes major damage to buildings in an area is called a high magnitude earthquake. Hence, option a is correct.
What is high magnitude earthquake?The most typical way to gauge an earthquake's size is by its magnitude. No matter where you are or how violent the shaking is, it is the same number since it represents the size of the earthquake's source.
The USGS no longer uses the outmoded Richter scale to determine the magnitude of major, teleseismic earthquakes. Several magnitude scales measure various aspects of the earthquake, but the Richter scale measures the biggest wobble (amplitude) on the recording.
Currently, the USGS uses the Moment Magnitude scale to report earthquake magnitudes, however many different magnitudes can be calculated for comparison and research. Therefore, option a is correct.
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This is a big one! Light travels 3,000,000 kilometers every ten seconds from the Sun to
the Earth. How fast is light in terms of kilometers per second (kps)? The average distance the Earth is from the Sun is 150,000,000 kilometers.
Answers
Light take 500 seconds to reach to the earth from the sun with the speed of 300,000 km/s.
What is light?Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation that helps the human eye see and makes objects visible. It can also be referred to as radiation that the human eye can see. Photons, that are little energy packets, are present in light. Light moves in straight lines at all times.
Given,
In ten seconds, light travels 3,000,000 kilometers.
Therefore, the speed of light is:
3,000,000 km / 10 s = 300,000 km/s
There are 150,000,000 km between the Earth and the Sun on average. This means that light, traveling at a speed of 300,000 km/s, takes:
150,000,000 km / 300,000 km/s
= 500 seconds
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someone please help me answer this i’m struggling and i will give branliest
Answers
Answer:
bottom right corner with arrows going up
Chemistry Lab Determination of the Universal Gas Constant (R)
SHOW ALL WORK
Given:
Initial mass of butane lighter: 54.24g
Final Mass of Butane Lighter: 54.01g
Temperature of water: 23.0°C
Volume of gas collected: 100.0mL
FIND:
Barometric pressure of room: 766.86 mmHg CONVERTED TO atm
Vapor pressure of water at room temperature(PH2O) (IN atm)
FIND:
Mass difference if butane lighter in grams
Moles of Butane gas collected in moles of C4H10
Partial pressure if butane gas in atm
Converted temperature of water in Kelvin
Converted volume of gas collected in Liters
Experimental value of R in Latm/molk
Accepted value of R in Latm/molk
Percent error in experimental value of R in %
CONCLUSION QUESTIONS:
1. List at least 3 factors that either did it could contribute to the percent error
2. Should the value of R go up or down if the gas had not been corrected for the partial pressure of water. Why?
3. How could this experiment be repeated to increase the accuracy, or in other words, decrease the percent error?
NOTE: LET ME KNOW IF YOU WANT A PICTURE OF THE LAB INSTRUCTIONS TO HELP SOLVE
ALSO SHOW ALL WORK PLS
Answers
To solve this problem, I'll need some additional information related to the molar mass of butane (C4H10). Please provide the molar mass of butane so that I can proceed with the calculations.
What is this atom structure?
Answers
please help me with these
Answers
1) Diesel has a higher viscosity than petrol.
2) Petrol is more flammable than diesel.
3) The formula will be C₁₀H₂₂.
4) The equation is; 2C8H18+25O2→16CO2+18H2O.
What is the hydrocarbon?Depending on the precise composition and temperature, the viscosity of gasoline and diesel can change. In general, diesel is more viscous than gasoline. Higher viscosity fluids are thicker and flow more slowly than lower viscosity fluids because viscosity relates to the resistance of a fluid to flow.
Diesel is less flammable than gasoline. The lowest temperature at which gasoline can evaporate and turn into an ignitable combination in air is known as its flash point, and it is lower for gasoline. Compared to diesel fuel, petrol vapors are much more flammable and can ignite at lower temperatures.
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Diamonds are composed of __________ in a ___________lattice. A. silicon, trigonal planar B. quartz, octahedral lattice C. carbon, tetrahedral D. diamond, trigonal bipyramid
Answers
Diamonds are composed of carbon in a tetrahedral lattice. That is option C.
What is a diamond?A diamond of defined as an allotrope or one of the major forms of the element, carbon in nature.
These carbon atoms are arranged within the diamond in a face centered cubic tetrahedral lattice shape.
Therefore, Diamonds are composed of carbon in a tetrahedral lattice.
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Diamonds are composed of carbon in a tetrahedral lattice. The correct option is C.
What are diamonds?Diamonds are one of the allotropes of carbon. The other allotrope of carbon is graphite.
Thus, diamonds are made up of carbon atoms that are tightly packed together. Each carbon atom in a diamond is strongly bonded to 4 other carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of a tetrahedral structure.
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Which of the following does NOT demonstrate the law of conservation of matter?
check all that apply
Answers
The one that does not demonstrates the law of conservation of matter would be the third option: \(2NO_2 + H_2O -- > HNO_3 + HNO_2\)
What is law of conservation of matter?It is a law that explains that matters are conserved during the course of chemical reactions. They can neither be destroyed nor created.
Thus, the number of moles of the species in a reaction remains the same before and after the reaction.
Thus, an equation that demonstrates the law of conservation of matter will be balanced in terms of the number of moles of species.
The only equation, in this case, is \(2NO_2 + H_2O -- > HNO_3 + HNO_2\)
There are 3 oxygen species on the reactant while 5 are present on the product side.
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7. Which object would be the least dense in a tub of
water?
A. Golf ball
B. Glass marble
C. Rubber ball
D. Beach ball
Answers
Can someone help with what I would do with this sort of question
Answers
Answer:
• Reaction:
\(\begin{gathered} 2C\text{ + 3H}_2\text{ + }\frac{1}{2}O_2\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ CH}_3CH_2OH \\ \Delta H=\text{ Enthalpy change of formation} \end{gathered}\)• Reaction:
\(\begin{gathered} (NH_4)_2SO_4\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ 2NH}_4^+\text{ + SO}_4^{2-} \\ \Delta H=\text{ Enthalpy change of solution} \end{gathered}\)• Reaction:
\(\begin{gathered} Na_{(g)}^+\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ Na}_{(aq)}^+ \\ \Delta H=\text{ Enthalpy change of hydration} \end{gathered}\)• Reaction:
\(\begin{gathered} C\text{ + O}_2\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ CO}_2 \\ \Delta H=\text{ Enthalpy change of combustion} \end{gathered}\)• Reaction:
\(\begin{gathered} Na_{(s)}\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ Na}_{(g)} \\ \Delta H=\text{ Enthalpy change of atomisation} \end{gathered}\)• Reaction:
\(\begin{gathered} Na_{(g)}\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ Na}^+_{(g)}\text{ + e}^- \\ \Delta H=\text{ Enthalpy change of ionisation} \end{gathered}\)• Reaction:
\(\begin{gathered} F_{(g)}\text{ + e}^-\text{ }\rightarrow F_{(g)}^- \\ \Delta H=\text{ Enthalpy change for electron affinity} \end{gathered}\)Explanation:
• Enthalpy change of ,combustion,: is the enthalpy involved in the process of in which a compound burns in the presence of oxygen (or air).
,• Enthalpy change of ,formation,: this enthalpy change is the one involved when 2 or more reactants combine to form a product.
,• Enthalpy change of ,solution,: is the energy present in the dissolution of a substance in a solvent.
,• Enthalpy change of ,hydration,: it is the energy that intervenes when a substance in gaseous atate becomes part of the aqueous solution.
,• Enthalpy change of ,atomisation,: this is necessary to form gaseous atoms from the element under standard conditions.
,• Enthalpy change of ,ionisation,: is the energy involved when an ion is formed.
,• Enthalpy change for ,electron affinity,: is the energy released when a neutral gaseous atom takes on an electron and forms a negative ion.
Is the bond length in HCl the same as that in DCl? The wavenumbers of the J = 0 1 rotational transitions for H35Cl and 2H35Cl are 20.8784 and 10.7840 cm–1, respectively. Accurate atomic masses are H = 1.007825 amu, 2H = 2.0140 amu, and 35Cl = 34.96885 amu. Based on this information alone, can you conclude that the bond lengths are the same or different in the two molecules?
Answers
Why does the solubility of many substances increase with temperature? (Remember what an increase in temperature means on a microscopic scale.)
Answers
The solubility of many substances increases with temperature, there are exceptions. Some substances exhibit a decrease in solubility with temperature due to specific interactions or changes in solute-solvent interactions at higher temperatures.
The increase in solubility of many substances with temperature can be attributed to the effect of temperature on the kinetic energy and intermolecular interactions of molecules.
On a microscopic scale, an increase in temperature corresponds to an increase in the kinetic energy of molecules. As the kinetic energy increases, the molecules move more rapidly and collide with each other and with the solvent molecules more frequently and with greater force.
These increased collisions and kinetic energy result in enhanced molecular interactions and overcome the forces holding the solute particles together. This increased energy disrupts the intermolecular forces within the solute, allowing the solvent molecules to surround and interact more effectively with the solute particles, leading to greater solubility.
Additionally, an increase in temperature can cause solvent molecules to move more freely, reducing their cohesion and allowing them to interact more readily with solute particles.
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CuI2 (light brown solid) name copper compounds
Answers
CuI2 is not a known compound. Copper compounds typically have different oxidation states for copper, resulting in various compound names.
Copper(II) oxide (CuO): It is a black solid compound where copper is in the +2 oxidation state. It is commonly used as a pigment and in catalytic reactions.
Copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4): It is a blue crystalline compound in which copper is in the +2 oxidation state. It is used in various applications such as agriculture, electroplating, and as a laboratory reagent.
Copper(I) oxide (Cu2O): It is a red crystalline compound in which copper is in the +1 oxidation state. It is used as a pigment, in solar cells, and as a catalyst.
Copper(II) chloride (CuCl2): It is a greenish-brown solid compound in which copper is in the +2 oxidation state. It is utilized in various chemical processes, including etching and catalyst synthesis.
Copper(II) nitrate (Cu(NO3)2): It is a blue crystalline compound where copper is in the +2 oxidation state. It is commonly used in the production of catalysts, as a coloring agent, and in electroplating.
These are just a few examples of copper compounds with different oxidation states and properties. It's important to note that the compound CuI2 mentioned in the question, if it exists, would be an exception to the typical nomenclature for copper compounds.
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How many moles of particles per liter in 0.591 M LiF?
Answers
Answer:
Below
Explanation:
Each liter contains .591 moles
each mole is 6.02 x 10^23 particles
.591 x 6.02 x 10^23 = 3.56 x 10^23 particles
What is the final volume (in mL) of a solution if you have 17.5 g of NH4NO3 and want a concentration of 1.75 M?
Answers
The final volume is 30.62L
Volume is the amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional figure as measured in cubic units
Here given data is
NH₄NO₃ = 17.5 g
Concentration = 1.75 M
We have to calculate final volume solution = ?
So Concentration = mass/volume
Volume = concentration × mass
Volume = 1.75 M × 17.5 g
Volume = 30.62L
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When stone chips are weighed on a balance to make a graph of the relationship between number of chips and total mass, which variable should go on the x axis, and which on the y?
Answers
When stone chips are weighed on a balance to make a graph of the relationship between number of chips and total mass, the number of chips should be on the x-axis while the total mass should be on the y-axis.
What is a graph?A graph is a data chart (graphical representation of data) intended to illustrate the relationship between a set (or sets) of numbers (quantities, measurements or indicative numbers).
A graph consists of two major axis namely;
Y-axis: The axis on a graph that is usually drawn from bottom to top and usually shows the range of values of variable dependent on one other variable,X-axis: The axis on a graph that is usually drawn left to right and usually shows the range of values of an independent variable.According to this question, the number of stone chips is the independent variable while the mass is the dependent variable.
Therefore, when stone chips are weighed on a balance to make a graph of the relationship between number of chips and total mass, the number of chips should be on the x-axis while the total mass should be on the y-axis.
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a sample of mg(hco3)2 contains 1.8 moles of oxygen atom find the number of carbon atoms in the given sample
please solve fast very much urgent
Answers
Answer:
0.60 moles of atoms of carbon
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Chemical formula of the compound: Mg(HCO₃)₂Moles of oxygen atoms: 1.8 molesStep 2: Calculate the number of carbon atoms in the given sample
According to the chemical formula of the compound, the molar ratio of C to O is 2:6, that is, there are 2 moles of atoms of C every 6 moles of atoms of O. The number of moles of atoms of C is:
1.8 mol O × 2 mol C / 6 mol O = 0.60 mol C
what is the formula for co3+ and se2-?
Answers
The formula for Co3+ is Co3+ because it represents the ion of cobalt that has lost three electrons, leaving it with a 3+ charge.
What is chemical formula and how they are formed ?
A chemical formula is a symbolic representation of a chemical compound that shows the types of elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms of each element. For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O, which indicates that it is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
Chemical formulas are formed by identifying the elements that make up a compound and determining the relative number of each element in the compound. The number of each element is represented by a subscript following the chemical symbol of the element. For example, the chemical formula for methane is CH4, which indicates that there is one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms in each molecule of methane.
The formula for Se2- is Se2- because it represents the ion of selenium that has gained two electrons, giving it a 2- charge.
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Calculate the percent yield of a reaction that produced 0.350 mol HCI if the theoretical yield was 15.36 g
Answers
The percent yield of the reaction that produced 0.350 mol HCI is 83.17%
How to determine the actual yield (in grams)Mole of HCl = 0.350 moleMolar mass of HCl = 36.5 g/molActual yield =?Actual yield = 0.35 × 36.5
Actual yield = 12.775 g
How to determine the percentage yield Actual yield of HCl = 12.775 gTheoretical yield of HCl = 15.36 gPercentage yield =?Percentage yield = (Actual / Theoretical) × 100
Percentage yield = (12.775 / 15.36) ×100
Percentage yield = 83.17%
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This is how manganese appears in the periodic table.
What is the arrow is pointing to?
period symbol of manganese
isotope symbol of manganese
group symbol of manganese
atomic symbol of manganese
Answers
Answer:d
Explanation:took the test
The arrow in the statement is likely pointing to the atomic symbol of manganese, which is the letter "Mn." Therefore, option (D) is correct.
In the periodic table, elements are organized based on their atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Manganese has an atomic number of 25, indicating that it has 25 protons. The atomic symbol is a shorthand representation of the element's name, allowing for easy identification and reference.
Therefore, the arrow is pointing to the atomic symbol of manganese, "Mn," indicating its position in the periodic table and distinguishing it from other elements. The atomic symbol is a fundamental component of the periodic table, enabling scientists to communicate and study elements and their properties more efficiently.
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A compound that contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is 58.8% C and 9.87% H by mass. What is the empirical formula of this substance
Answers
Answer: The empirical formula of the compound becomes \(C_5H_{10}O_2\)
Explanation:
The empirical formula is the chemical formula of the simplest ratio of the number of atoms of each element present in a compound.
Let the mass of the compound be 100 g
Given values:
% of C = 58.8%
% of H = 9.87%
% of O = [100 - 58.8 - 9.87] = 31.33%
Mass of C = 58.8 g
Mass of H = 9.87 g
Mass of O = 31.33 g
The number of moles is defined as the ratio of the mass of a substance to its molar mass. The equation used is:
\(\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}\) ......(1)
To formulate the empirical formula, we need to follow some steps:
Step 1: Converting the given masses into moles.Molar mass of C = 12 g/mol
Molar mass of H = 1 g/mol
Molar mass of O = 16 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
\(\text{Moles of C}=\frac{58.8g}{12g/mol}=4.9 mol\)
\(\text{Moles of H}=\frac{9.87g}{1g/mol}=9.87 mol\)
\(\text{Moles of O}=\frac{31.33g}{16g/mol}=1.96mol\)
Step 2: Calculating the mole ratio of the given elements.Calculating the mole fraction of each element by dividing the calculated moles by the least calculated number of moles that is 1.96 moles
\(\text{Mole fraction of C}=\frac{4.9}{1.96}=2.5\)
\(\text{Mole fraction of H}=\frac{9.87}{1.96}=5.03\approx 5\)
\(\text{Mole fraction of O}=\frac{1.96}{1.96}=1\)
Converting the mole fraction into whole numbers by multiplying them with 2.
\(\text{Mole fraction of C}=2.5\times 2=5\)
\(\text{Mole fraction of H}=5\times 2=10\)
\(\text{Mole fraction of O}=1\times 2=2\)
Step 3: Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.The ratio of C : H : O = 5 : 10 : 2
Hence, the empirical formula of the compound becomes \(C_5H_{10}O_2\)
The empirical formula of the substance is\(C_5H_{10}O_2\).
Explanation:
Given:
A compound made up of 58.8% of carbon, 9.87% hydrogen, and oxygen.
To find:
The empirical formula of this substance.
Solution
The percentage of carbon in a given substance by mass = 58.8%
The percentage of hydrogen in a given substance by mass = 9.87%
The percentage of oxygen in a given substance by mass :
\(= 100\%-58.8\%- 9.87\%=31.33\%\)
Consider 100 grams of a substance.
In 100 grams of substance:
The mass of carbon =58.8% of 100 g = 58.8 g
The mass of hydrogen = 9.87% of 100 g = 9.87 g
The mass of oxygen = 31.33% of 100 g= 31.33 g
The moles of carbon \(=\frac{58.8 g}{12.0107 g/mol}=4.90 mol\)
The moles of hydrogen\(=\frac{9.87g}{1.00784g/mol}=9.79 mol\)
The moles of oxygen\(=\frac{31.33g}{15.999g/mol}=1.96 mol\)
let the empirical formula of the substance = \(C_xH_yO_z\)
The value of subscript x:
\(=\frac{4.90 mol}{1.96 mol}=2.5\)
The value of subscript y:
\(=\frac{9.79mol}{1.96 mol}=5\)
The value of subscript z:
\(=\frac{1.96mol}{1.96 mol}=1\)
The empirical formula of a substance :
\(C_{2.5}H_5O_1=C_{\frac{25}{10}}H_5O_1=C_{25}H_{50}O_{10}\)
Reducing to the lowest whole numbers:
\(C_{25}H_{50}O_{10}=C_5H_{10}O_2\)
The empirical formula of the substance is \(C_5H_{10}O_2\).
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4.337 + 84.7123 ?
i need help lol
Answers
Answer:
89.0493
Explanation:
Add the numbers(line up the decimals)
4.337 + 84.7123
Than you should get
89.0493
If d represents the density of a gas and k is a constant. The relationship between the rate of diffusion r, and d is ____?
Answers
The relationship between the rate of diffusion r, and d is r ∝ 1/√d.
The relationship between the rate of diffusion (r) and the density of a gas (d) can be explained using Graham's law of diffusion. According to this law, the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
r ∝ 1/√d
where the symbol '∝' represents 'proportional to'. The constant of proportionality (k) can be introduced to this equation as:
r = k/√d
This equation shows that as the density of a gas increases, its rate of diffusion decreases. This is because denser gases have more molecules per unit volume and thus, they experience greater intermolecular collisions that hinder their movement. Therefore, it requires more energy for them to diffuse through a medium compared to less dense gases.
The relationship between the rate of diffusion and density is particularly important in understanding the behavior of gases in different environments. For instance, in a gas chromatography column, the rate of diffusion of a gas determines how quickly it moves through the column and separates from other components. Similarly, in the Earth's atmosphere, the rate of diffusion of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide affects their concentration and hence, their impact on climate change.
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what is the answer for ABCD help
Answers
B: Ovary
C: Uterus
D: Vagina
Do you think the offspring produced by the two processes are genetically identical to organism 1? Explain your reasoning.
Font Sizes
Answers
Answer:
No they are not
Explanation:
I believe that if you under go 1 process then you only get half of the first organism but if you undergo 2 processes then you only get 1/4 of the first organism, but imight be mistaken so sorry if it is wrong.
What is 2x+83-(456x56)^2
Answers
Answer: -207936x>112+2x+83