Define corporate social responsibility (CSR) and provide any two arguments against and any two in favor of such responsibility undertaken by a corporation

The intrinsic value (P0) of the stock using the two-stage growth model is calculated to be $155.81. This value takes into account the forecasted growth rates, dividends, and the required rate of return.

To calculate the intrinsic value (P0) of the stock using the two-stage growth model, we need to follow these steps:

Calculate the present value of the dividends during the high growth phase (first four years):

P1 = DPS * (1 + g1) / (r - g1)

P1 = $4.50 * (1 + 0.06) / (0.08 - 0.06)

P1 = $4.50 * 1.06 / 0.02

P1 = $4.50 * 53 / 2

P1 = $119.25

Calculate the present value of the dividends during the stable growth phase (after four years):

P2 = DPS * (1 + g2) / (r - g2)

P2 = $4.50 * (1 + 0.03) / (0.08 - 0.03)

P2 = $4.50 * 1.03 / 0.05

P2 = $4.50 * 103 / 5

P2 = $92.70

Calculate the present value of the stock at time zero (intrinsic value):

P0 = P1 / (1 + r)^4 + P2 / (1 + r)^4

P0 = $119.25 / (1 + 0.08)^4 + $92.70 / (1 + 0.08)^4

P0 = $119.25 / 1.3605 + $92.70 / 1.3605

P0 = $87.67 + $68.14

P0 = $155.81

Therefore, the intrinsic value (P0) of the stock is $155.81.

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Answer:

Leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal.

Lance is right to be concerned about Leroy's plan for growth. Leroy's plan is not feasible, and Lance should communicate his concerns with Leroy.

Lance must convey his concerns to Leroy to assist him in developing a more feasible growth strategy. Leroy's plan is to double the size of his business within a year. It is a commendable goal, but the approach he has outlined is not feasible. Leroy is unable to raise the capital required for this growth strategy. He does not have the required cash reserves to finance the expansion, and acquiring the financing required for the expansion could result in high-interest rates. Leroy is also not ready to scale up his business.

He has inadequate staff and no systems or processes in place to ensure the smooth functioning of the business. He will need to employ more people, and he must have systems in place to manage these new employees effectively. Moreover, the market may not be ready for the company's growth. The company's sales growth may slow, leading to a decline in revenue. Leroy must do market research before scaling up his business. Lance should discuss all of these issues with Leroy and advise him on what to do next.

To summarize, Lance is justified in being concerned about Leroy's growth plan. It is critical for Leroy to recognize that scaling up his business would necessitate more than simply doubling its size. Leroy must reassess his goals and come up with a more realistic plan for growth.

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Answer:

can udo a pic so i can see

Explanation:

Answer:

to earn a dividend

to earn capital gains

Explanation:

Stocks represent ownership in a corporation. Shareholders are entitled to share in the profits of the business. The portion of profits that shareholders get for contributing capital is the dividend.

Investing in stocks makes one a shareholder and gives them the right to dividends. Investors always select the stocks of companies likely to declare high dividends. Dividends is an important reason why investors opt for shares or stocks.

Stocks of corporations that are performing well financially are likely to increase in price. Investors buy stocks when prices are low and selling them when prices appreciate. That way, they can profit through capital gain.

Dividends and capital gains are the rewards that investors gain from stocks. Interest is earned on deposits and loans.

No, because the price elasticity of demand for wheat is inelastic (-0.70), which means that a change in price will result in a proportionately smaller change in quantity demanded, so reducing supply may not significantly increase the price.

Given that the price elasticity of demand for wheat is -0.70 between the current price for wheat and a price $2 dollars higher per bushel, it means that the quantity demanded of wheat is relatively inelastic, as a 1% increase in price will cause less than a 1% decrease in the quantity demanded (-0.70 < -1).

Therefore, farmers cannot significantly increase their revenue by reducing the supply of wheat and driving up the price by $2 per bushel, as the decrease in quantity demanded will not offset the price increase. Hence, reducing the supply of wheat will not be a profitable decision for farmers in this situation.

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Answer:

using the barter system.

the barter system is a system that exchange 1 item to another.

this kind of technique is quite risky because sometimes you got either more or less valuable item.

but for me i prefer using the barter system.

The preferred stock was valued by the market using a discount rate of 11.93%, indicating the rate at which future dividends were discounted to arrive at the present value of the stock.

To determine the discount rate, we can use the dividend discount model (DDM). The DDM states that the value of a stock is the present value of its expected future dividends. In this case, the dividend is $2.63 per share.

The formula for calculating the value of a preferred stock using the DDM is as follows:

Stock Value = Dividend / Discount Rate

Rearranging the formula, we get:

Discount Rate = Dividend / Stock Value

Plugging in the given values:

Discount Rate = $2.63 / $22.05 ≈ 0.1193

Converting the decimal to a percentage, the discount rate is approximately 11.93%.

Therefore, the market used a discount rate of 11.93% to value the preferred stock.

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Answer: Planning reduces creativity

Explanation:

Under Planning reduces creativity, all team menbers are instructed or directed to work within the frame given by the management to them, working outside the frame of what was issued would go against the directives of the organization. This type of limitation of planning limits creativity, because members won't be able to introduce ideas to advance the growth of the team.

Many of these projects were sustained by the Consolidated Appropriations Act by include new phases, funds, and instructions to address problems associated to the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, popularly known as the CARES Act, is a $2.2 trillion economic stimulus package passed by the 116th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on March 27, 2020, in reaction to the economic impact of the COVID sickness.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES) allowed for longer unemployment benefits for laid-off workers as well as direct payments to individuals, significant monthly rebates to families with children, and direct payments to people. From March 13, 2020, to December 30, 2020, it was in force.

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The main answer is: K = e(-ΔG°/RT) = e(-14200 J/mol / (8.314 J/(mol·K) × 298 K)) when standard free energy change for the reaction is 14.2 kJ/mol .

To calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction between glutamate and ammonia, we can use the relationship between the standard free energy change (ΔG°) and the equilibrium constant:

ΔG° = -RT ln(K)

Where:

- ΔG° is the standard free energy change of the reaction (14.2 kJ/mol, which is equal to 14200 J/mol after converting to joules).

- R is the ideal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)).

- T is the temperature in Kelvin (298 K).

Rearranging the equation, we can solve for K:

K = e(-ΔG°/RT)

Substituting the given values into the equation:

K = e(-14200 J/mol / (8.314 J/(mol·K) × 298 K))

Using the appropriate units and performing the calculation, we can determine the value of K for the reaction between glutamate and ammonia.

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Weasels choice of genre prove beneficial in the excerpt because t allows him a moment to reflect on why the world neglected to aid the Jewish people during their greatest time of need.

In the excerpt, Elie Wiesel expresses his dismay and concern at the seeming lack of action by world leaders who were aware of what was happening in Auschwitz. He had the chance to consider these occurrences because of the genre he chose for this passage.

He questioned why the leaders of the world did not bomb the rail lines leading to Birkenau or Auschwitz. He is contemplating these occurrences in great detail at this point.

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Explanation:

maybe it's William Gates lll

please mark the brainliest

The most common form of competition is monopolistic competition blank, in which many firms compete for customers in a given market but with differentiated products.
Monopolistic Competition Market
Monopolistic Competition is a competition with other manufacturers who have similar products, but there are differences between each of them.
This difference is the hallmark of the productsproducts sold by each manufacturer.
The activity of producing these goods is known as product differentiation or product differentiation.  Because the products produced are almost similar, each producer will compete in terms of quality, price, and how to market their products.

Monopolistic Competition Market Characteristics
The characteristics of a monopolistically competitive market are as follows:
1. Has a very large number of producers
As in a perfectly competitive market, a monopolistic market has a large number of producers.  Due to the large number of producers, each producer has a relatively small market share.
2. There is Product Differentiation
Product differentiation is when a manufacturer produces a product that is slightly different, but similar to the products of its competitors.
In a monopolistically competitive market, when the price of one producer rises while the price of the product of another producer is constant, the demand for that product will fall.  Because, consumers will easily find substitute products from these products.
3. Each producer competes in terms of quality, price, and how to market their products
Because products in monopolistic markets tend to be similar, producers will compete in terms of quality, price, and how to market their respective products.
Manufacturers will compete to improve the quality of their products, such as through attractive product designs and services provided to consumers.
4. Producers are free to enter the market
Just like a perfectly competitive market, monopolistic market participants are also free to enter and leave the market.
The free entry and exit of the market means that there are no barriers for new producers who want to sell their products in the market or old producers who want to leave the market.

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Answer:

Dynamic function

Explanation:

Dynamic function of management speaks to the ever changing business environment such as customers expectation, business regulation,competition, suppliers, creditors etc.

It is expected of business management to change goals inorder to align with the need of the environment. Changing goals means making adjustments to decisions based on the changing business environment for survival purposes.

For instance, if a particular product is banned in a country where it is sold, management of an organization producing such product must discontinue the product and look for another line of production so that they can remain relevant in business.

Project prioritization is the process of determining the most urgent existing and new projects for your organization. The feasibility, impact, and prospective value of projects can all be evaluated by portfolio managers using a variety of project prioritize techniques.

Project prioritization is especially important for large organizations with multiple projects and programs in their portfolio. These organizations, like all others, need to carry out multiple projects simultaneously, but with limited resources, they need to prioritize potential project ideas.

This is done by establishing project prioritization criteria that weigh the strengths and weaknesses of existing and potential projects and making decisions based on that analysis.

Project Manager helps portfolio managers prioritize projects by enabling them to track multiple projects in real time with Gantt charts, roadmaps, portfolio dashboards, project calendars, and other tools. increase. Get started for free.

The Project Prioritization Matrix is ​​a project management tool that allows program and portfolio managers to prioritize projects by comparing multiple project prioritization variables in a single comparison matrix.

The project prioritization matrix is ​​very similar to the Eisenhower matrix, a 2 by 2 table used to compare the urgency and importance of tasks. The project prioritization matrix works similarly to the Eisenhower matrix, but typically includes more variables. 

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The total surplus area represents the increase in producer surplus when the price rises from p1 to p2 due to new producers entering the market.

The red triangle inside the above graph represents producer surplus. Producer surplus exists while the fee items are sold for is greater than what it fees the companies to manufacture those goods.

Manufacturer surplus is defined by the vicinity above the supply curve, underneath the fee, and left of the amount offered.

As the rate increases, the motivation for producing extra goods will increase, thereby increasing the producer surplus. A manufacturer constantly tries to grow his producer surplus by way of seeking to sell increasingly at higher fees.

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Answer:

3

5

6

Explanation:

In the given document, a blog post about downsizing the Main Street office, two changes have been made as part of the document makeover:

Tone and Language: The tone and language of the original document were informal and lacked professionalism. In the makeover, the tone has been revised to be more formal and professional, aligning with business communication standards. This change was made to ensure the message is conveyed in a clear and respectful manner, considering the sensitivity of the topic.

Empathy and Accountability: In the original document, there was a defensive statement shifting blame onto the steel plant for the downsizing. In the makeover, this statement has been removed, and instead, the focus is on expressing empathy and acknowledging the inconvenience caused to the employees. Taking accountability for the decision without blaming others helps maintain trust and demonstrates responsible leadership.

These changes were applied to enhance the effectiveness of the communication and ensure a more appropriate and empathetic tone. The revised document seeks to convey the downsizing news in a respectful manner, addressing the impact on employees and providing clear information about the next steps.

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The global economic trend has been for capitalist countries to move toward socialism.

Socialism is an economic and political ideology that advocates for collective or government ownership and control of the means of production and distribution of goods and services. It aims to address economic inequalities, promote social welfare, and create a more equitable society.

It is important to note that there are various interpretations and variations of socialism, and different countries and political movements may implement socialist principles to different degrees. The actual implementation and outcomes of socialist policies can vary widely, and the success or failure of socialist systems is often subject to debate and differing perspectives.

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Given realistic estimates of the probability and cost of bankruptcy, the future costs of a possible bankruptcy are borne by the shareholders.

Shareholders are the people who invest in a business in exchange for their share in the business. Shareholders are majorly affected during bankruptcy as the business has more liabilities during time of bankruptcy. Due to limited cash flow, the remaining cash is first paid to debt holders. Debtholders lend to the company whereas shareholders own the company.

In the agreement and rules of the business, it is not an obligation to pay the shareholders first. Shareholders are paid only during the profit earning of the business. During bankruptcy, the shareholders will not receive any earnings. Debtholders will be paid first for the debt. Therefore, during bankruptcy, shareholders are supposed to pay for future costs in case of bankruptcy.

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Answer:

Cocoa beans, and no.

Explanation:

Brown cows produce as much milk as white and black Holstein cows and Devon red cows. Chocolate milk gets its color and flavor from cocoa beans. Cocoa beans are the seeds of the cocoa tree. After the farmer harvests the beans from the cacao tree, the cacao beans are roasted, ground and processed into a powder or syrup.

The 5Cs in the marketing mix are Company, Collaborators, Customers, Competitors, and Context.

The marketing mix is the collection of activities, or tactics, that a business employs to market its brand or merchandise.

A marketing framework called the 5C Analysis is used to examine the environment in which a company operates.

Along with risk exposure to various environmental factors, it can shed light on the main success factors. The 5Cs are Company, Collaborators, Customers, Competitors, and Context.

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We are looking for the time in years and months, we know that it will take approximately 2 years and 7 months for Sienna Rose's money to grow to $5500.

To determine how long it will take for Sienna Rose's money to grow to $5500, we can use the formula for compound interest:

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Where:

A = Final amount ($5500)

P = Principal amount ($3500)

r = Annual interest rate (3.35% or 0.0335 as a decimal)

n = Number of times interest is compounded per year (monthly compounding, so n = 12)

t = Time in years

We need to solve for t. Rearranging the formula, we have:

t = (log(A/P)) / (n * log(1 + r/n))

Plugging in the values, we get:

t = (log(5500/3500)) / (12 * log(1 + 0.0335/12))

Calculating the value:

t ≈ 2.58 years

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Answer:

C. Liabilities + equity

Explanation:

Edg 2021 ...

I believed that my deposit money is insured up to $250,000 by FDIC/NCUA because it is a legal banking requirement.

The insurance of deposit is necessary to prevent to banks from huge liability incase they lose their customer's deposit because of theft, fraud etc

In conclusion, I believed that my deposit money is insured up to $250,000 by FDIC/NCUA because it is a legal banking requirement.

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To determine the present value of an annual perpetuity, we can use the formula:

Present Value = Payment / Rate of Return

Present value of an annual perpetuity with the first payment to be received exactly one year from today:

PV = $1,000 / 0.14

PV = $7,142.86

Present value of an annual perpetuity received today:

PV = $1,000 / 0.14

PV = $7,142.86

Present value of an annual perpetuity with the first payment to be received six months from today:

Since the payment is six months away, we need to discount the perpetuity by half a year. The rate of return should also be adjusted to reflect the six-month period. Assuming a continuous compounding, the adjusted rate of return would be 14% / 2 = 7%.

PV = $1,000 / 0.07

PV = $14,285.71

Present value of an annual perpetuity with the first payment to be received five years from today:

Since the payment is five years away, we need to discount the perpetuity by five years. The rate of return remains at 14%.

PV = $1,000 / (0.14 * (1 - 1 / (1 + 0.14)^5))

PV = $5,000

Note: In the case of perpetual cash flows, such as an annual perpetuity, the present value is finite and can be calculated using the formula provided. However, it is important to note that for perpetuities with payments far into the future, the present value may approach a theoretical infinite value.

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(a) The reason why Zainab has restricted her study to vehicle breakdowns at a particular time of day is that a Poisson process assumes that the rate at which events occur should be constant over time. Therefore, Zainab has restricted her study to vehicle breakdowns between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. to make sure the rate of breakdowns is relatively constant.

(b) The summary statistics do support the Poisson process as a model for the data. In a Poisson distribution, the variance should be equal to the mean. In the data provided, the mean is 2.08 and the variance is 2.11, which are very close. The histogram of the data also appears to be Poisson-like. Therefore, we can conclude that the data follows the Poisson distribution.

(c) (i) we need to use the Poisson distribution. The average rate of breakdowns per hour is 2. Therefore, the average rate is 4. The probability of having zero or one breakdown calculated as follows :P(X ≤ 2) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) where X ~ Poisson (4). Using a Poisson distribution table, we get;(X ≤ 2) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) = 0.018 + 0.073 + 0.147 = 0.238.(ii) we need to use the exponential distribution. Average time between two successive breakdowns = 60 minutes/2 breakdowns = 30 minutes Therefore, the rate parameter, λ = 1/30.  This can be calculated as:P(X < 30) = 1 - e^(-λx) = 1 - e^(-1) = 0.6321 Therefore, the probability that the interval between two successive breakdowns is less than 30 minutes is 0.6321.

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Zainab has restricted her study to a particular time of day to assume that the rate of vehicle breakdowns remains constant during that time period, which is an underlying assumption of a Poisson process.

The probability of having fewer than three breakdowns between 10.30 a.m. and 12.30 p.m. is approximately 0.406 or 40.6%.

The probability that the interval between two successive breakdowns is less than 30 minutes is approximately 0.632 or 63.2%.

(a) One of the acceptances underlying a Poisson process is that the rate of occurrences occurring inside a given time pause is constant. By confining her study to a particular opportunity of day, between 10.00 a.m. and 2.00 p.m., Zainab is provided that the traffic conditions, driver performances, and other determinants that contribute to boat breakdowns remain almost constant all the while this time period. This presumption allows her to treat the dossier as a Poisson process.

(b) To determine if the summary enumerations support the Poisson process as a model for the data, we need to analyze if certain environments are met. The key conditions for a Poisson process are:

If Zainab's data answer these conditions, it would support the Poisson process model.

(c) (i) To reckon the probability of less than three breakdowns between 10.30 a.m. and 12.30 period after 12 noon and before sunset, we can use the Poisson distribution. The average rate of breakdowns is given as two per time.

Let's denote the haphazard variable X as the number of breakdowns all the while this time ending. The parameter λ (lambda) shows the average rate of breakdowns, which is 2.

Using the Poisson distribution recipe, the probability maybe calculated in this manner:

P(X < 3) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)

P(X = k) = (e^(-λ) * λ^k) / k!

P(X < 3) = (e^(-2) * 2^0) / 0! + (e^(-2) * 2^1) / 1! + (e^(-2) * 2^2) / 2!

Calculating this expression, we find:

P(X < 3) = 0.406

Therefore, the expectation of having minor than three breakdowns between 10.30 a.m. and 12.30 p.m. is nearly 0.406 or 40.6%.

(ii) To calculate the expectation that the interval middle from two points two successive breakdowns is inferior 30 minutes, we need to feel the exponential distribution, that is often guide the interarrival times in a Poisson process.

In a Poisson process, the interarrival periods follow an rapid change distribution accompanying a rate parameter (λ) equal to the average rate of occurrences.

The average rate of breakdowns is given as two per period. Since the exponential disposal is defined in agreements of the rate parameter, we can reckon the probability as follows:

P(break < 30 minutes) = 1 - e^(-λt)

place t is the time in hours. In this case, t = 0.5 (30 proceedings is half an hour).

P(pause < 30 minutes) = 1 - e^(-2 * 0.5)

Calculating this verbalization, we find:

P(interval < 30 minutes) = 1 - e^(-1)

Using the rapid change distribution, this odds is approximately 0.632 or 63.2%.

Therefore, the feasibility that the interval betwixt two successive breakdowns is inferior 30 minutes is approximately 0.632 or 63.2%.

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When making decisions, managers are often faced with a conflict between what is beneficial for the firm in the short-term and what is beneficial for both the firm and society in the long-term.

This conflict arises because the actions that benefit the firm in the short-term may not necessarily align with the interests of society as a whole, which can lead to negative consequences for both the company and society in the long-term.

To address this conflict, a firm must adopt a long-term orientation and consider the broader social and environmental impacts of its decisions. This means looking beyond immediate financial gains and recognizing that actions taken today can have far-reaching implications for the company's reputation, customer loyalty, employee morale, and overall sustainability.

Firms that prioritize social responsibility and sustainable business practices are more likely to build strong relationships with stakeholders, including customers, employees, investors, and regulators. They are also better equipped to weather economic downturns and other disruptions, as they have diversified their risk and invested in building resilient supply chains and communities.

Ultimately, the key to addressing the conflict between short-term gains and long-term benefits is a commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable business practices. By prioritizing the needs of society and the environment alongside those of shareholders, firms can create value for all stakeholders over the long-term, ensuring their continued success and impact.

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