Break-even sales and cost-volume-profit chart For the coming year, Cleves Company anticipates a unit selling price of $64, a unit variable cost of $32, and fixed costs of $384,000. Required: 1. Compute the anticipated break-even sales (units). ∨ units 2. Compute the sales (units) required to realize a target profit of $240,000. x units produce a profit, a loss, or break-even. 4. Determine the probable operating income (loss) if sales total 19,200 units. If required, use the minus sign to indicate a loss.

Answers

Answer 1

1. Anticipated break-even sales (units): 12,000 units.

2. Sales (units) required to realize a target profit of $240,000: 18,000 units.

3. Sales of 19,200 units will result in a probable operating income of $192,000.

1. To compute the anticipated break-even sales (units), we can use the formula:

  Break-even sales (units) = Fixed costs / Contribution margin per unit

  Unit selling price = $64

  Unit variable cost = $32

  Fixed costs = $384,000

  Contribution margin per unit = Unit selling price - Unit variable cost

  Contribution margin per unit = $64 - $32 = $32

  Break-even sales (units) = $384,000 / $32 = 12,000 units

  Therefore, the anticipated break-even sales (units) are 12,000 units.

2. To compute the sales (units) required to realize a target profit of $240,000, we can use the formula:

  Sales (units) = (Fixed costs + Target profit) / Contribution margin per unit

  Target profit = $240,000

  Sales (units) = ($384,000 + $240,000) / $32 = 18,000 units

  Therefore, the sales (units) required to realize a target profit of $240,000 are 18,000 units.

3. To determine the probable operating income (loss) if sales total 19,200 units, we need to calculate the contribution margin and subtract the fixed costs.

  Sales units = 19,200 units

  Contribution margin = (Unit selling price - Unit variable cost) * Sales units

  Contribution margin = ($64 - $32) * 19,200 = $608,000

  Operating income (loss) = Contribution margin - Fixed costs

  Operating income (loss) = $608,000 - $384,000 = $224,000

  Therefore, if sales total 19,200 units, the probable operating income will be $224,000.

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Related Questions

Porter is visiting india and would like to purchase some local spices. He finds some spices that cost 320. 38 rupees. If the current exchange rate is 1 dollar:73. 6500 rupees, how much do the spices cost in u. S. Dollars?.

Answers

Porter is visiting India and would like to purchase some local spices. So, the spices cost in u. S. Dollars is $ 4.36.

What do you mean by the current exchange rate?

An exchange rate determines the price at which one currency will be exchanged for another and has an impact on international trade and money transfers.

Both the value of the home currency and the value of the foreign currency have an impact on exchange rates.

The buying rate and selling rate are the rates at which currency traders will purchase and sell foreign currency, respectively.

Given,

Cost of Spices = 320.38

Exchange rate = 73.6500

Here,

Cost of spices in Dollars = 320.38 / 73.65

Cost of spices in Dollars = 4.36

Therefore, Porter is visiting India and would like to purchase some local spices. So, the spices cost in u. S. Dollars is $ 4.36.

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6. Which of the following is a way that you can put your strengths to work?
A. thinking about achievements you have accomplished
B. identifying paths to entrepreneurship
C. making a decision to become an entrepreneur
D. giving greater freedom for opportunities

Answers

All of the aforementioned methods will assist one in achieving the goal-related aim they have set.

What is Entrepreneurship?

The production or extraction of economic value is referred to as entrepreneurship. According to this definition, entrepreneurship is considered as transformation that often involves greater risk than is typical when beginning a firm and may also involve values other than just financial ones.

A person who starts and/or invests in one or more enterprises, taking on the majority of the risks and reaping the majority of the gains, is referred to as an entrepreneur.

Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting a business. The entrepreneur is frequently viewed as an innovator, a source of fresh concepts for products, services, businesses, and operational methods.

According to more specific definitions, entrepreneurship is the act of creating, starting, and operating a new company, which is frequently comparable to a small business. It may also be defined as the "ability and willingness to create, organize and effectively manage a company venture's risks in order to turn a profit."

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3. Describe the difference between transaction accounts and non-transaction accounts.

Answers

Transactional account :Traditionally used for daily costs, a transaction account frequently includes a debit card or Keycard that can be used to make purchases or withdraw cash.

Non Transactional account : An account that isn't made to handle a lot of transactions is referred to as a non-transaction account, also known as a non-payment account. Non-transaction accounts frequently feature monthly transfer caps or need waiting periods before money may be withdrawn.

An agreement that has been fulfilled between a buyer and a seller to trade goods, services, or financial assets in exchange for cash is referred to as a transaction. In corporate accounting, the phrase is also frequently used. This simple definition can be difficult to apply in business bookkeeping. Depending on whether a corporation employs accrual accounting or cash accounting, a transaction may be recorded by it sooner or later. Regardless of when payment is paid or received, a transaction is recognised by accrual accounting as soon as it is completed. Only when money is received or dispersed is a transaction recorded in cash accounting, which is primarily utilised by smaller businesses. Transactions with other parties can frequently make things more difficult.

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help need this in 30 mins! 1. Describe an example of a task that it might make sense for a company to outsource. (1-2 sentences. 2.0 points)


2. Describe three things that you think are important for a company to include in its personnel policies. (1-3 sentences. 1.5 points)


3. Describe at least three pieces of information you would include when writing a job description. (1-3 sentences. 1.5 points)


4. Describe two methods you would use to find potential employees if you were in charge of advertising a job for a company. Explain why you would use these methods for advertising the job. (1-2 sentences. 3.0 points)


5. Describe at least two methods you would use to identify job opportunities if you were looking for a job. Explain why you would use these methods for job seeking. (1-2 sentences. 3.0 points)


6. Write your answers to at least three of the lesson 2 questions on what you want from your life page. (1-3 sentences. 3.0 points)


7. Describe a career you would like to have, and explain how you could get started and then advance in that career. (1=3 sentences. 3.0 points)



8. Which part of the online job application was easiest for you to complete? Which section was the most difficult? Give at least one example of work experience, education, or special skills that you included in the application. (2-5 sentences. 3.0 points) CAUTION: To protect your privacy, make sure you don't list the names of specific places where you've worked or gone to school.

Answers

1. The best example of a task that makes a lot of sense in a company to outsource its customer support which is more common than phone support. Even the costs may be high, there are many parts which employing, providing office space, and training, and paying taxes on support reps are not very high. It makes sense because it is the best way to outsource a company and to make a better approach to the client.

2. Human resources staff are tasked with keeping up-to-date personnel policies for the companies they work for. These policies govern how a business is run, from hiring and termination to policies for sexual harassment and forms of workplace discrimination. Personnel policies are given to new employees to review, and they are often asked to sign a statement saying that they read and understand the policies. Policies and procedures vary from company to company, but certain elements are common.

3.

Heading information: Where they live, where they came from, who to contact when something bad happens.Work Environment: Know what's around you, be able to know it's safe for workers.3 or 4 skills they need to have: Being able to do the work they are task with.    

4. I would use employee referral programs and hire for attitude and then do training for skills. Employees working in your organization can be a valuable source of knowledge need when recruiting. They have friends and acquaintances that are in the same field. Come up with a policy that will enable staff to refer suitable candidates for job positions in the company. A smart recruiter should search for attitude when recruiting employees because skills can be gained. The best candidate should show a positive attitude towards a position with the required skills which is in most cases difficult to find. The technique to employ here as a recruiter is to find a person with a positive attitude towards a job posting.

5. The 2 methods which I will use to identify job opportunities if I was looking for a job would be, internships and company websites. Internships: As I am without a job, obtaining a short space among a renowned organization is an excellent method to acquire a footing in the entrance, or produce me including valuable business connections to convene upon in the eternity. Company Websites: If I want a job and want to get to know the company better, why not check out the job part of the company’s website. If I will see opportunities on the company’s website, there is a possibility I will obtain exactly the opportunity that I have been expecting for.    

6. Write your answers to at least three of the Lesson 2 questions on the What You Want from Your Life page.

So here are the questions the question is talking about:

What activities do you most enjoy?What activities do you least enjoy?What things have you never done before but want to try?What things would your job need to include in order to make you feel satisfied?What things are you especially good at?What are your weaknesses?What values are most important to you?What issues or causes do you care most about?Which people in your life are most important to you?

I answered these 3:

What are your weaknesses? My weaknesses include trouble focusing, impulsiveness, lack of motivation at times, and wanting to be recognized for my efforts. Which people in your life are most important to you? My mom, my grandpa, and my best friend. I would do anything for them, and they know that. I tend to care about their wellbeing more than my own because they give me the motivation to pursue any opportunity that comes my way. What things are you especially good at? I am good at motivating and helping others. I understand my faults and always try to improve in any shape, way, or form. I am also very personable.

7. I am not sure what career I want to go in so I will just say an example. If I wanted to work in the veterinary field or be an animal doctor, some steps to take to lead toward this career would be to volunteer at the SPCA or animal shelters so I can get hands-on experience and a first-hand experience on what your career would be. With the prior knowledge of the animals on your resume, it would look good and they would hire me for my prior experience.

8. The section that was the easiest was the general information page. Including your name, age, etc. The hardest section for me was the goals section because I don’t really have any concrete goals at this point in my life right now and I am stuck choosing between multiple career options. One example of an experience I had in the past was when I would volunteer at my church (when I was religious). Now I tend to act as my mother’s secretary for her job, letting her know information from a voicemail, driving her, or taking notes for her meetings.

I put a lot of time and effort into this so, I hoped this helped! :)


3. What's considered a retail service?
A. Car engine repair
B. Car wash
C. New car
D. New car tires

Answers

The answer would be D

The correct option is D. New car tires.

New-car tires are considered a retail service.

What are examples of retail?

Retail businesses sell items or services to customers for their consumption, use, or pleasure. They typically sell items and services in-store but some items may be sold online or over the phone and then shipped to the customer. Examples of retail businesses include clothing, drug, grocery, and convenience stores.

What is retail customer service?

Retail customer service is like any other customer service: it's the act of providing customers with assistance, answering their questions and helping them solve problems. However, there are some factors specific to this industry that make it important to learn and hone retail customer service skills.

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4. if you have two children, ages 2 and 4, how much should you record in step 3 of the form? (3 points)

Answers

Based on the information provided, you should record two (2) dependents in Step 3 of the W-4 form.

What is a W-4 form?

A W-4 form simply refers to an internal revenue service (IRS) tax form which is used in the United States of America, so as to indicate the correct federal income tax that should be withheld from an employee's paycheck.

In Step 3 of the W-4 form, an employee is expected to indicate whether or not he or she has dependents. Thus, an employee would write (record) the number of dependents he or she has in Step 3 of the W-4 form.

In this scenario, we can logically conclude that you should record two (2) dependents in Step 3 of the W-4 form because you've two (2) children, aged 2 and 4.

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Measuring conversions is a good way to calculate your ROI. Which of the following is a commonly calculated conversion? a shares, b sediment, c downloads, d likes

Answers

A commonly calculated conversion from the list is shares. The answer to this question is option a.

What are shares?

Shares can be described as a unit that is called mutual funds. The owner of a share is regarded as a shareholder.

Shares can be converted to be money. Therefore it is the best answer to this question.

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Debbi Fields' success as an entrepreneur can be attributed to her prior business training and
experience.
False
True

Answers

I believe it is true

Answer: False

Explanation:

What can a boosted post help an advertiser achieve?

Answers

A boosted post helps an adviser to connect with the audience and gain trust.

Boosted post is a kind of post that is used on social media platforms in order to enhance the page of the platform and to attract audience to the page. Boosted post can help better communication with the audience along with the increase in a greater number of messages, calls and texts. Boosted posts help for better advertisements of the product. For example, A Chocolate brand may use Boosted posts to gain audience as well as consumers. Boosted posts helps an adviser to be discovered among people, to establish a benchmark in the market and to gain more and more customers. It's a kind of marketing strategy used for publicity purpose.

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Legal authorization by a brand owner to allow another company to "rent" its brand name for a fee is called

Answers

Answer:

The appropriate answer is "License agreement".

Explanation:

A written agreement only between various firms where a property owner allows perhaps another entity throughout accordance with a certain set of requirements called a license agreement.In so far as it has jurisdiction, the consequence including its license is to terminate or ease the ruling of conflict. It should be the presumption that perhaps the license should be a province of security.

Which document determines the number of shares in a company? a stock prospectus an annual bill of rights a corporate charter an annual report

Answers

Answer: Corporate charter

Explanation:

The corporate charter is also referred to as the articles of incorporation. It is a document that contains the major components that make up a company, like the objectives of the company, the structure of the company, the number of shares the company has for sale and the planned operations of the company.

When a corporate charter is approved by the state, then the company will become a legal corporation. The corporate charter also contains the names of the people that are involved in its formation.

Answer:

The answer is (c) coporate charter

Explanation:

Suppose you discover that over the last 20 years both cancer rates and cell phone usage have been increasing. what can you conclude from this?

Answers

Cancer is not increasing because of excessive usage of cell phones.

Over the last 20 years, both cancer rates and cell phone usage have been increasing. The conclusion that can be made via this is:

The development of brain cancers linked to cellphone use appears to be the main cause of concern. In a study that monitored more than 420,000 cellphone users over a 20-year period, researchers found no indication of a connection between smartphones and brain tumors.

Another study discovered a link between cellphone use and salivary gland cancer. However, just a few of the study subjects had cancerous tumors.

Another study found no general increase in the incidence of brain tumors but revealed that heavy cellphone users may have an elevated risk of glioma, a particular type of brain tumor.

Cancer is not increasing because of excessive usage of cell phones.

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Activities involved in buying and selling goods on a large scale.

a) gross domestic product

b) inflation rate

c) labor force

d) business cycle

e) recession

f) monopoly

g) fiscal policy

h) monetary policy

i) commerce

j) price fixing

Answers

Answer:

I think answer is price fixing

Which of the following is NOT a discretionary expense?
Vacation
Rent
Entertainment
Gym membership

Answers

Answer:
B. Rent

Explanation: Discretionary expenses are considered things that we buy which are not necessities to live. Things like; going out to the movies or buying candy are not necessary and therefore they are considered "discretionary."

McGlone Corporation had a 1/1/10 balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $15,000. During 2010, it wrote off $10,800 of accounts and collected $3,150 on accounts previously written off. The balance in Accounts Receivable was $300,000 at 1/1 and $360,000 at 12/31. At 12/31/10, McGlone estimates that 5% of accounts receivable will prove to be uncollectible. What should McGlone report as its Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at 12/31/10

Answers

Answer:

18,400

Explanation:

If firms increase investment, the aggregate expenditures function will shift downward, other things being equal. T/F

Answers

This statement is false. If firms increase investment, it will increase the aggregate expenditures (AE) function, which represents the total spending in an economy.

The AE function is the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. Investment is one of the components of AE, and an increase in investment will cause an upward shift of the AE function, meaning there will be an increase in total spending in the economy. The aggregate expenditures function is an important concept in macroeconomics, as it helps to explain how changes in spending affect the level of output and employment in an economy. By understanding the relationship between the different components of the AE function, policymakers can use various tools, such as monetary and fiscal policy, to stabilize the economy and promote long-term growth.

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Eisenhower Communications is trying to estimate the first-year cash flow (at Year 1) for a proposed project. Note that this estimate is for capital budgeting purposes, so financing costs are ignored. The financial staff has collected the following information on the project: Sales revenues = $13.10 million, operating costs (excluding depreciation) = $9.30 million, depreciation = $2.20 million, interest expense = $2.40 million, tax rate = 37.0%, and WACC = 16.1%. Estimate the project's cash flow for the first year based on this data, then estimate the cash flow for the same project with the tax rate = 30.00%, then calculate the change in the cash flow estimate as a result of changing the tax rate. = = $0.084 million $0.112 million $0.140 million $0.168 million $0.196 million

Answers

To estimate the project's cash flow for the first year, we need to calculate the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), tax expense, and finally the cash flow.

First, calculate EBIT:

EBIT = Sales revenues - Operating costs - Depreciation

EBIT = $13.10 million - $9.30 million - $2.20 million

EBIT = $1.60 million

Next, calculate tax expense:

Tax Expense = EBIT * Tax Rate

Tax Expense = $1.60 million * 37.0%

Tax Expense = $0.592 million

Now, calculate the cash flow:

Cash Flow = EBIT - Tax Expense + Depreciation

Cash Flow = $1.60 million - $0.592 million + $2.20 million

Cash Flow = $3.208 million

EBIT = $1.60 million

Tax Expense = $1.60 million * 30.0%

Tax Expense = $0.480 million

Cash Flow = $1.60 million - $0.480 million + $2.20 million

Cash Flow = $3.320 million

The change in cash flow estimate as a result of changing the tax rate is:

Change in Cash Flow = New Cash Flow - Old Cash Flow

Change in Cash Flow = $3.320 million - $3.208 million

Change in Cash Flow = $0.112 million

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A bear is chasing a camper through the


woods. Suddenly the 150kg bear is caught in


a trap and is snatched into the air with an


acceleration of 10m/s^2. What amount of


force does the trap have?


4


PLEASE HELP

Answers

The trap exerts a force of 1500 Newtons on the bear.

To calculate the force exerted by the trap, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that force (F) is equal to mass (m) multiplied by acceleration (a).

Given:

Mass of the bear (m) = 150 kg

Acceleration (a) = 10 m/s^2

Using the formula:

Force (F) = m * a

Substituting the values:

Force (F) = 150 kg * 10 m/s^2

Calculating the result:

Force (F) = 1500 Newtons

Therefore, the trap exerts a force of 1500 Newtons on the bear.

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This communication channel is typically used to provide an audience with information about a product or service, usually for informational or persuasive purposes. It is a one-way communication in a visual medium.

Answers

Answer:

Online advertisement

Explanation:

In the ever-increasing technological world, online advertising is an extremely elaborate solution for the sale of any item or service or for the information about that item or service.

The use of online advertisements is usually an elaborate way of providing detailed information about goods and services in which information about goods and services is provided to individuals viewing through movable images, communication in the online advertising technological world.

This is a large medium of information as well as it is also a proper means of giving unilateral information.

A trust established by your will that becomes effective upon your death is called a(n) ____________ trust.
testamentary
living
irrevocable
revocable

Answers

Answer:

testamentary trust is the answer.

Answer: hello, your answer would be TESTAMENTARY

Explanation:

i just finished the test and got it right

Two of the biggest products the United States receives from other countries are
medical equipment and plastics. What is the term for receiving products from other
countries?

Answers

Importation is the term used to describe the act of buying and securing goods from another country.

Let's say you make that extra $27,000 for actually graduating from a four-year college for twenty years. In 20 years, how much money have you gained by spending those four years in college ?

Answers

Answer:

$540,000

Explanation:

The extra amount made per year is $27,000

In 20 years, the total gain would be

=$27,000 x 20

=$540,000

Careers emerging to improve environmental conditions include:


sanitary engineer

red physician

environmental geologist

green architect

Answers

Answer: The answer is green architect & environmental geologist.

Explanation:

Answer:

green architect and environmental geologist

Explanation:

Stretch goals are the Multiple Choice targets that are exceptionally demanding and novel. set of goals whose primary focus is to protect organizations from being sustainable. targets that merely exhort employees in general terms to improve performance and start doing their best. goals that conflict with people's personal values and interests. goals that are high enough to inspire better performance but at the same time are always unattainable.

Answers

Answer:

targets that are exceptionally demanding and novel.

Explanation:

Stretch goals are the targets that are exceptionally demanding and novel. It is not everyone that considers or think about creating stretch goals because they are highly demanding and relatively new to the individual or business firm.

Generally, stretch goals are divided into two (2) main categories and these includes;

I. Horizontal stretch goals: it is focused on the professional development of individuals through attempting, learning and picking up difficult challenges or tasks.

II. Vertical stretch goals: these type of goals or targets are usually in tandem with the current activities in an organization such as productivity and financial outputs.

what do you mean by teaching profession? write with example.​

Answers

Answer:

Teaching is the specialized application of knowledge, skills and attributes designed to provide unique service to meet the educational needs of the individual and of society. The choice of learning activities whereby the goals of education are realized in the school is the responsibility of the teaching profession.

Answer:

Teaching is the specialized application of knowledge, skills and attributes designed to provide unique service to meet the educational needs of the individual and of society. The choice of learning activities whereby the goals of education are realized in the school is the responsibility of the teaching profession.

Explanation:

which attribution model distributes the credit for a conversion equally across all the channels a customer clicked or engaged with before converting?

Answers

The attribution model that distributes the credit for a conversion equally across all the channels a customer clicked or engaged with before converting is called the "Equal Weight Attribution" or "Even Distribution" model. In this model, each channel involved in the customer journey receives an equal share of the credit for the conversion.

The attribution model that distributes the credit for a conversion equally across all the channels a customer clicked or engaged with before converting is the Equal Credit model. This model ensures that each touchpoint in the customer's journey is given equal credit for contributing to the conversion. This helps businesses to understand the effectiveness of all their channels and make informed decisions about where to allocate their marketing resources.
The attribution model that distributes the credit for a conversion equally across all the channels a customer clicked or engaged with before converting is called the "Equal Weight Attribution" or "Even Distribution" model. In this model, each channel involved in the customer journey receives an equal share of the credit for the conversion.

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how does flow of food affect food service?
I need your answer ASAP​

Answers

Answer:

The Alternative paths with then food service Operations that the food & menu May Follow

initiating with recieving And ending with Service to the customer

Why is it important to be flexible and patient when exhibiting sensitivity?​

Answers

it is important to be flexible and patient when exhibiting sensitivity because we define ethnocentrism as an attitude or view that analyzes the world according to the parameters of our own culture.

What is Ethnocentrism?Ethnocentrism in social technological know-how and anthropology—in addition to in colloquial English discourse—way to use one's personal way of life or ethnicity as a body of connection with deciding different cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and humans, rather than the use of the requirements of the specific way of life involved. Since this judgment is frequently bad, a few humans additionally use the time period to consult the perception that one's way of life is advanced to, or extra accurate or ordinary than, all others—mainly concerning the differences that outline every ethnicity's cultural identity, along with language, behavior, customs, and religion.[1] In not unusual place usage, it is able to additionally truly suggest any culturally biased judgment. For example, ethnocentrism may be visible withinside the not unusual place portrayals of the Global South and the Global North.Ethnocentrism is now and again associated with racism, stereotyping, discrimination, or xenophobia. However, the time period of "ethnocentrism" does now no longer always contain a bad view of others' race or implies a bad connotation.[3] The contrary of ethnocentrism is cultural relativism, a guiding philosophy declaring the satisfactory manner to recognize a distinct way of life is thru their angle as opposed to judging them from the subjective viewpoints formed through one's personal cultural requirements.

Thus,  It often includes the belief that one's ethnic group is most important, or that some or all aspects of our culture are superior to those of others.

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Solar company was established on March 1 of 2021. Ordinary shareowner invested cash br 35,000 account receivable br 10,000 and supplies br 15,000 in the company

Answers

A Solar Company was founded on March 1, 2021. An ordinary shareowner invested cash amounting to BR 35,000, an account receivable of BR 10,000, and supplies worth BR 15,000 in the business.

The company's total asset will be BR 60,000, which is equivalent to the sum of the items invested by the ordinary shareowner.Let's first define what a shareowner is. A shareowner, also known as a shareholder, is a person or entity that owns shares in a corporation. The Solar Company has an ordinary shareowner who has invested cash, an account receivable, and supplies in the corporation. In accounting, assets are classified as current or noncurrent.

Current assets include items that are expected to be converted to cash within a year, while noncurrent assets are those that are anticipated to be converted to cash after one year or more.Cash, account receivables, and supplies are all current assets. Cash is a liquid asset, which means it can easily be converted to cash. The account receivable indicates that the company is owed money, which is expected to be converted into cash in the next year.

Supplies are items that will be converted to cash within the year. As a result, the company's total asset will be BR 60,000, which is equivalent to the sum of the items invested by the ordinary shareowner.

In conclusion, the ordinary shareowner has invested cash amounting to BR 35,000, an account receivable of BR 10,000, and supplies worth BR 15,000 in the Solar Company, which was established on March 1, 2021. The corporation's total asset will be BR 60,000, which is equivalent to the sum of the items invested by the ordinary shareowner.

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Design a two-stage cascade system, analyzed your design, and then minimize the refrigeration power requirements. (1) The design problem is open-ended problem. The objective is to carry out a preliminary thermal design & analysis as indicated. A detailed schematic diagram is expected. These problems have no specific answers, so each student's design and analysis are unique. (2) You can do any necessary assumptions, explanation of what you are doing are important but be brief. (3) Engineering lettering is a must.

Answers

The design a two-stage cascade system and provide a preliminary thermal analysis. Please note that since this is an open-ended problem, there can be multiple valid design approaches. Here's a step-by-step guide to designing the system:

Step 1: Assumptions

Before proceeding with the design, let's establish some assumptions:

The cascade system will use two separate refrigerants for the high-stage and low-stage cycles.The refrigerants will be selected based on their temperature ranges and specific properties to optimize performance.The system will operate at steady-state conditions.The design will focus on minimizing refrigeration power requirements.

Step 2: Preliminary Analysis

Perform a preliminary analysis to determine the temperature ranges required for the cascade system. Consider the desired cooling load and the temperatures at which cooling is needed. This will help determine the temperature difference between the high-stage and low-stage cycles.

Step 3: Refrigerant Selection

Select suitable refrigerants for the high-stage and low-stage cycles. Consider refrigerants with compatible temperature ranges and favorable properties, such as low boiling points, high heat transfer coefficients, and environmental considerations.

Step 4: System Schematic

Design a schematic diagram to illustrate the two-stage cascade system. Use engineering lettering for labeling the components. The following components are typically included.

Step 5: Thermodynamic Analysis

Conduct a thermodynamic analysis to determine the operating conditions of each component in the cascade system. Start by assuming an arbitrary set of operating conditions and iterate until convergence is achieved. Consider factors such as heat transfer rates, pressure drops, and energy balances.

Step 6: Optimization

To minimize refrigeration power requirements, you can consider the following optimization strategies:Optimize heat exchanger designs for improved heat transfer.Adjust the operating conditions and pressures to maximize system efficiency.Evaluate alternative refrigerants with higher performance characteristics.Incorporate energy-saving features such as variable-speed compressors or economizers.

Step 7: Final Analysis

Perform a final analysis of the optimized cascade system to ensure it meets the cooling requirements while minimizing refrigeration power requirements. Calculate key performance metrics such as coefficient of performance (COP) or energy efficiency ratio (EER) to validate the system's performance.

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