Astronomers estimate that comet Hale-Bopp lost mass at a rate of
350,000 kg/s during it 100 day closest approach to the Sun. Estimate the total mass lost during that time? What fraction is that of the total mass of the comet (5 x 1015 kg)

λ = c : f

λ = 3 x 10⁸ : 1.05 x 10⁸

λ = 2.86 m

E = hf

h = Planck's constant (6.626.10⁻³⁴ Js)

E = 6.626.10⁻³⁴ x 2.86

E = 1.896 x 10⁻³³ J

λ = 3 x 10⁸ : 1.011 x 10⁸

λ = 2.97 m

E = hf

h = Planck's constant (6.626.10⁻³⁴ Js)

E = 6.626.10⁻³⁴ x 2.97

E = 1.97 x 10⁻³³ J

λ = 3 x 10⁸ : 1.05 x 10⁸

λ = 2.96 m

E = hf

h = Planck's constant (6.626.10⁻³⁴ Js)

E = 6.626.10⁻³⁴ x 2.96

E = 1.96 x 10⁻³³ J

Answer:

Can you rewrite that sorry

Explanation:

The amount of energy stored in the spring, given it has a spring constant of 80 N/m is 1.6 Joules

First, we shall list out the given parameters from the question. This is shown below:

The energy stored in the spring, given the above data can be obtained as follow:

E = ½Ke²

E = ½ × 80 × 0.2²

E = 40 × 0.04

E = 1.6 Joules

Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the energy stored is 1.6 Joules

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A 66.1-kg boy is surfing and catches a wave which gives him an initial speed of 1.60 m/s. He then drops through a height of 1.59 m, and ends with a speed of 8.51 m/s. The nonconservative work done on the boy is approximately -42.7 kilojoules.

To find the nonconservative work done on the boy, we need to consider the change in the boy's mechanical energy during the process. Mechanical energy is the sum of the boy's kinetic energy (KE) and gravitational potential energy (PE).

The initial mechanical energy of the boy is given by the sum of his kinetic energy and potential energy when he catches the wave:

E_initial = KE_initial + PE_initial

The final mechanical energy of the boy is given by the sum of his kinetic energy and potential energy after he drops through the height:

E_final = KE_final + PE_final

The nonconservative work done on the boy is equal to the change in mechanical energy:

Work_nonconservative = E_final - E_initial

Let's calculate each term:

KE_initial = (1/2) * m * v_initial^2

= (1/2) * 66.1 kg * (1.60 m/s)^2

PE_initial = m * g * h_initial

= 66.1 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 1.59 m

KE_final = (1/2) * m * v_final^2

= (1/2) * 66.1 kg * (8.51 m/s)^2

PE_final = m * g * h_final

= 66.1 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 0

Since the boy ends at ground level, the final potential energy is zero.

Substituting the values into the equation for nonconservative work:

Work_nonconservative = (KE_final + PE_final) - (KE_initial + PE_initial)

Simplifying:

Work_nonconservative = KE_final - KE_initial - PE_initial

Calculating the values:

KE_initial = (1/2) * 66.1 kg * (1.60 m/s)^2

PE_initial = 66.1 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 1.59 m

KE_final = (1/2) * 66.1 kg * (8.51 m/s)^2

Substituting the values:

Work_nonconservative = [(1/2) * 66.1 kg * (8.51 m/s)^2] - [(1/2) * 66.1 kg * (1.60 m/s)^2 - 66.1 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 1.59 m]

Calculating the result:

Work_nonconservative ≈ -42.7 kJ

Therefore, the nonconservative work done on the boy is approximately -42.7 kilojoules. The negative sign indicates that work is done on the boy, meaning that energy is transferred away from the boy during the process.

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The maximum kinetic energy, maximum potential energy and the maximum mechanical energy are equal to 7.56J.

Simple harmonic motion, in physics, repetitive movement back and forth through an equilibrium, or central, position, so that the maximum displacement on one side of this position is equal to the maximum displacement on the other side.

Simple Harmonic Motion

The given equation of the simple harmonic motion is

\(x=3.5 sin (\frac{\pi }{2t} + \frac{5\pi }{4} )\)

Data;

ω = π/2

k = 1.254N/m

Solving this

\(\frac{dx}{dt} = -3.5 X \frac{\pi }{2} cos (\frac{x\pi t}{2}+\frac{5\pi }{4} )\)

Let's calculate the maximum velocity.

\(V_{m} =\frac{3.5\pi }{2}\)

This is only possible when cos θ = -1

The maximum kinetic energy is

\(K_m =\frac{1}{2} mv^2 = \frac{1}{2} X \frac{500}{1000} X \frac{7^2\pi ^2}^{4} ^2\)

\(w^2 = \frac{k}{m} \\k = w^2m\\k = \frac{\pi ^2}{4} X \frac{500}{1000} \\k =1.254 N/m\)

Using the value of spring constant, we can find the maximum potential energy.

\(P.E =\frac{1}{2} k x^2\\P.E =\frac{1}{2} X 1.234 X 3.5^2 \\P.E = 7.56 J\)

The maximum potential energy is 7.56J

The maximum mechanical energy is equal to the sum of maximum potential energy and the maximum kinetic energy.

ME = K.E + P.E

ME = 7.56J

From the calculations above, the maximum kinetic energy, maximum potential energy and the maximum mechanical energy are equal to 7.56J.

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Answer:

IM SO SORRY :((

Explanation:

1) The starting temperature of the gas is 288 K

b) When the pressure is doubled, the temperature is 576 K

We know that we have to use the ideal gas equation so as to be able to obtain the temperature of the starting of the gas and we know that;

Pressure = 200 kPa or 1.97 atm

Volume =  3000 cm3  or 3 L

Temperature = ?

Number of moles = mass/molar mass = 7 g/28 g/mol = 0.25 moles

Then we have;

PV = nRT

T = PV/nR

T =  1.97 * 3/0.25 * 0.082

T = 5.91/0.0205

T = 288 K

If the pressure doubles and we have;

P1/T1 = P2/T2

P1T2 = P2T1

T2 = 2(1.97) * 288/1.97

T2 = 576 K

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The energy needed to move an electron in a hydrogenatome from the ground state (n=1) to n=3 will be 1.93 *10^-18J and 12.09 eV.

The following can be deduced:

Energy of electron in hydrogen atom is

En = -13.6 /n2 eV

where n is principal quantum number of orbit.

Energy of electron in first orbit = E1 = -13.6 / 12 = - 13.6eV

Energy of electron in third orbit = E3 = -13.6 /32 = -1.51 eV

Energy required to move an electron fromfirst to thirdorbit ΔE = E3- E1

ΔE = -1.51 - ( 13.6) = 12.09 eV

Energy in Joule = 12.09 *l/× 1.6 × 10^-19 = 1.93 × 10^-18 J.

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Complete question:

How much energy is needed to move an electron in a hydrogenatome from the ground state (n=1) to n=3? Give theanswer (a) in joules and (b) in eV.

The Lens Changes Shape to Focus Near Objects. Light rays from objects that are close to the eye are not parallel. Therefore, the eye must bend them more in order to focus the rays on the retina. To accomplish this, the lens change shape.

Answer:

to focus the light

Answer:

a. spring constant = 125 N/m

b. This spring is less stiff than the one in Sample Problem A.

Explanation:

P.S - The Sample Problem A is as follows :

Given - Sample Problem A - A load of 45 N attached to a spring that is

            hanging vertically stretches the spring 0.14 m. What is the spring

             constant?

            Suppose the spring in Sample Problem A is replaced with a spring  

            that stretches 36 cm from its equilibrium position.

To find - a. What is the spring constant in this case?

            b. Is this spring stiffer or less stiff than the one in Sample Problem A.

Proof -

As given,

Load = 45 N

Amplitude = 0.14 m

Let the spring constant = k

As we know that,

Load = k (Amplitude)

⇒45 = k(0.14)

⇒k = \(\frac{45}{0.14}\) = 321.43

∴ we get

Spring constant in Sample problem A = 321.43

Now,

a.)

Given, Amplitude = 36 cm = 0.36 m

Let the spring constant = k₁

⇒45 = k₁ (0.36)

⇒k₁ = \(\frac{45}{0.36}\) = 125 N/m

b.)

AS we can see that k₁  < k

⇒ This spring is less stiff than the one in Sample Problem A.

a. spring constant = 125 N/m

b. This spring is less stiff than the one in Sample Problem A.

The spring constant generally shows the stiffness of the spring and is the ratio of the force applied to the deflection of the spring.

It is given in the question that:

Sample Problem A - A load of 45 N attached to a spring that is

hanging vertically stretches the spring 0.14 m.  

Suppose the spring in Sample Problem A is replaced with a spring  

that stretches 36 cm from its equilibrium position.

a. What is the spring constant in this case?

As given,

Load F = 45 N

Amplitude  x= 0.14 m

Let the spring constant = k

As we know that spring force will be

\(F=k\times x\)

\(45=k\times 0.14\)

⇒k = 321.43N/m

∴ we get

Spring constant in Sample problem A is   \(k=321.43\ \frac{N}{m}\)

Now,

Given, Amplitude = 36 cm = 0.36 m

Let the spring constant = k₁

⇒45 = k₁ (0.36)

⇒k₁= 125 N/m

b.) Is this spring stiffer or less stiff than the one in Sample Problem A.

AS we can see that k₁  < k  new spring is less stiff than the one in Sample Problem A.

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The number of moles of gas added to the container is -3.56 mol, and the negative sign means that the number of moles of gas decreased, or in other words, the gas was compressed.

The number of moles of gas can be calculated using the Ideal Gas Law:

PV = nRT

where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature.

Since the pressure and temperature remain constant, we can equate the initial and final state of the gas:

n1 × (8.15 L) × (T) = n2 × (13.7 L) × (T)

Dividing both sides by T, we get:

n1 × 8.15 L = n2 × 13.7 L

Solving for n2:

n2 = (n1 × 8.15 L) / (13.7 L)

n2 = (8.51 mol) × (8.15 L) / (13.7 L)

n2 = 4.95 mol

So, the number of moles of gas added to the container is:

n2 - n1 = 4.95 mol - 8.51 mol = -3.56 mol.

Note that the answer is negative, which means that the number of moles of gas decreased, or in other words, the gas was compressed.

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Take into account that efficiency is given by the following expression:

In this case, you have:

efficieny = 28%

output work = 30J

input work = ?

Replace the previous values of the parameters into the formula for efficieny, solve for input work and simplify:

28% = (30J/input work)*100%

input work = 30J*(100% / 28%)

input work = 107.14 J

Hence,about 107.14 J was put into the machine

Answer:

Force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time.

Explanation:

That situation is described by Newton's Second Law of Motion. According to NASA, this law states, "Force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time. For a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration." This is written in mathematical form as Force = mass.

Answer:

The magnetic field is 1.16 T.  

Explanation:

speed, v = 10% of speed of light = 3 x 10^7 m/s

diameter, d = 54 cm

radius, r = 0.27 m

charge, q = 1.6 x 10^-19 C

mass, m = 1.67 x 10^-27 kg

Let the magnetic field is B.

The centripetal force is balanced by the magnetic force.  

\(qvB=\frac{mv^2}{r}\\\\B =\frac{mv}{qr}\\\\B =\frac{1.67\times 10^{-27}\times 3\times 10^{7}}{1.6\times 10^{-19}\times 0.27}\\\\B =1.16 T\)

Answer:

In an ionic bond the valence electrons are transferred from the metal

Explanation:

During a 10-second period, a car travels 80 meters. This car typically travels at a speed of 8 m/s.

For instance, if it takes a person 40 minutes to travel 20 miles north, 20 miles south, and finally 20 miles in between, their average speed is 40 miles divided by 40 minutes, or 1 mile per minute. Instead of distance, average velocity takes into account total displacement.

The total displacement must be divided by the total time elapsed in order to determine the average velocity.

average velocity= total displacement/ total time

avg velocity=80/10=8m/s

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Answer:

P1 = 1.3 (500 + 60) = 728 kg-m      total momentum to right at start

P2 = (v2 - 10) 60 + 500 v2

total momentum after running at -10 with respect to cart = 728 where v2 is the new speed of the cart

728 = 560 v2 - 600

v2 = 1328 / 560 = 2.37 m/s    new speed of cart

Check:

After:    p2 for cart = 500 * 2.37 = 1186

p1 for man = (2.37 - 10) * 60 = -458

P2 = p1 + p2 = 728       total momentum unchanged

Answer:

5.0 x 10^8

Explanation:

because u moved it 8 times to it places

Answer:

532063

Explanation:

If he's shooting 333 arrows per shot and has 177177177 arrows, you need to divide to find the number of arrows he can shoot total, ignoring the decimal since you can't shoot a partial arrow.

177177177/333=532063

The weight of the Mars Rover Curiosity on Earth and on Mars is 8820 N and 3330 N respectively.

The weight of an object is given by the product of its mass and the gravitational field strength at its location.

On Earth:

On Mars:

Therefore, the weight of the Mars Rover Curiosity on Earth and on Mars are 8820 N and 3330 N respectively.

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The scientific study of physics focuses on the underlying concepts that underpin the laws of nature. It investigates how matter, energy, space, and time behave and interact. Physics' fundamental goal is to comprehend the underlying laws and forces that create our universe.

Physics has developed theories and rules to explain a wide variety of events, from the motion of celestial bodies to the behaviour of subatomic particles, via meticulous observation, investigation, and mathematical analysis.

These theories offer a framework for comprehending and forecasting the behaviour of physical systems, such as Newton's laws of motion and Einstein's theory of relativity.

From the tiniest particles to the biggest cosmic structures, physics has enhanced our understanding of the world and sparked a host of technological advances.

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Answer:

However, the disadvantages are:

1. Many atimes for some motion prolems, free-body diagrams has to be drawn many times so to have enough equations to solve for the unknowns. This is not the same with energy conservation principles.

2. In situations where we need to find the internal forces acting on an object, we can't truly solve such problems using free-body diagram as it captures external forces. This is not the same with energy conservation principles.

Explanation:

Often times the ideal method to use in solving motion problem related questions are mostly debated.

Energy conservation principles applies to isolated systems are useful when object changes their positions in moving upward or downward converts its potential energy due to gravity for kinetic energy, or the other way round. When energy in a system or motion remains constant that is energy is neither created nor destroyed, it can therefore be easier to calculate other unknown paramters like in the motion problem velocity, distance bearing it in mind that energy can only change from one type to another.

On the other hand, free body diagram which is a visual representation of all the forces acting on an object including their directions has so many advantages in solving motion related problems which include finding relationship between force and motion in identifying the force acting on a body.

Answer:

a) The distance between the ineas doubles, intensity decreases with distance

b) The distance between the ineas doubles

Explanation:

The diffraction pattern of a grid is given as a percentage

                d sin θ = m λ

where d give the distance between two consecutive lines, θ it is at an angle, λ the wavelength and m is an integer that determines the order of diffraction, let's not forget that the entire spectrum is at a value of m and then it is repeated.

Let's apply this to our case

a) distance from grid to observation screen doubles

Here we have two effect:

* the energy of the source is constant, it must be distributed over a surface, therefore the intensity decreases with distance

* The other factor can be found using trigonometry

          tan θ= y / L

where y is the distance from the central maximum to the line under study and L is the distance to the screen

In general, diffraction experiments cover very small angles

             tan θ = sin θ/ cos θ = sin θ

we substitute

          sinθ = y / L

we subtitle into the diffraction equation

          d y / L = m λ

          y = L / d m λ

          L = 2 L₀

          y = 2 L₀ m λ / d

we see that by doubling the distance to the screen the lines we are seeing are separated by double

b) When the density of lines doubles, it means that in the same distance I have twice as many lines, therefore the distance between two consecutive lines is reduced by half

          d = d₀o / 2

          y = (L m λ) / d

          y = (L m λ/ d₀) 2

we see that The distance between the ineas doubles

Answer: 938

Explanation:

1.67x10^-27kg (938V/c2)

The compressive stress in the steel column is found to be approximately 397.6 MPa.

The formula for calculating the area of a circle can be used to determine the steel column's cross-sectional area (A),

A = π*(d/2)², diameter of the column is d,

A = π*(0.4/2)²

A = 0.1257m²

The compressive stress (σ) in the column can be calculated using the formula, σ = F/A, F is the load carried by the column is F.

σ = 50 MN/0.1257m²

σ = 397.6 MPa

Therefore, the compressive stress in the steel column is approximately 397.6 MPa.

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Hypothesis, If the mass of the cylinder increases, then the temperature of the water will also increase because an increase in mass leads to greater potential energy, which is converted to thermal energy in the system.

According to the principle of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another. In this case, potential energy from the mass of the cylinder can be converted into thermal energy in the system. When the cylinder is lifted and submerged in the water, it possesses gravitational potential energy due to its elevated position.

As the cylinder is released and descends into the water, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, causing the water molecules to move and collide with higher energy. These collisions generate heat and increase the overall temperature of the water. By increasing the mass of the cylinder, more potential energy is stored.

As a result, there is a greater amount of energy available to be converted into thermal energy when the cylinder is released into the water. Thus, the temperature of the water is expected to increase as the mass of the cylinder increases.

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