Adaptive immunity comprises two branches: humoral immunity and cellular immunity. What are the characteristics of each of the two arms of the adaptive defense system? Sort the listed characteristics of adaptive immunity into the correct bin
Cellular immunity Both cellular and humoral immunity Humoral immunity Activated by exposure to APCS Produces antibodies B lymphocytes Cytotoxic T lymphocytes Originates from hemocytoblasts in red Immunocompetency develops in bone marrow marrow Immunocompetency develops in thymus Immunocompetent cells found in lymphoid tissues
Answers
Adaptive immunity is a crucial part of the immune system that provides specific, long-lasting protection against pathogens. It comprises two branches: humoral immunity and cellular immunity.
Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes. These antibodies circulate in the blood and lymph, targeting and neutralizing specific antigens present on the surface of pathogens.
The main characteristics of humoral immunity are:
- Production of antibodies
- Involvement of B lymphocytes
- Immunocompetency develops in bone marrow
- Immunocompetent cells found in lymphoid tissues
Cellular immunity, on the other hand, is mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which directly attack and destroy infected or abnormal cells.
The main characteristics of cellular immunity are:
- Activated by exposure to antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
- Involvement of cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- Immunocompetency develops in the thymus
- Immunocompetent cells found in lymphoid tissues
Both humoral and cellular immunity share some common characteristics, such as:
- Originating from hemocytoblasts in red bone marrow
- Immunocompetent cells found in lymphoid tissues
In summary, adaptive immunity comprises two branches with distinct characteristics: humoral immunity, which produces antibodies and involves B lymphocytes, and cellular immunity, which is activated by exposure to APCs and involves cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Both branches share the common feature of originating from hemocytoblasts in the red bone marrow and having immunocompetent cells in lymphoid tissues.
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Related Questions
Which example is not likely to effect the distribution of life based on sea surface temperatures increasing?
A. The increased temperatures effect the lower and upper part of the ocean, making upwelling less likely, and reduce the nutrient levels available to primary producers.
B. The sudden rise in temperatures places stress on organism's tolerance and the ability to adapt and survive.
C. Due to increased temperatures the pH will become neutral and reduce the chances for organisms to adapt.
D. As temperatures rise, the amount of sea ice will decrease, effecting the organisms that live in those conditions.
Answers
Answer: the answer is b
Explanation:
HELP ASAP PLSSS Which type of current typically carries cold, dense water from the poles toward the
Equator?
Answers
Answer:
The global conveyor belt's circulation is the result of two simultaneous processes: warm surface currents carrying less dense water away from the Equator toward the poles, and cold deep ocean currents carrying denser water away from the poles toward the Equator.
Explanation:
which statements best compare the function of an ATP molecule to a DNA molecule
Answers
ATP helps in muscle contraction, active transport, formation of lysosomes, etc., while DNA carries all the genetic information related to an organism.
What do you mean by DNA molecule?The DNA molecule may be defined as the molecule that carries the genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.
ATP delivers energy for chemical reactions in the cell. DNA maintains and communicates the genetic information of organisms.
Therefore, the above statement that best compares the function of an ATP molecule to a DNA molecule.
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How the disease Diabetes challenges our body’s ability to maintain homeostasis.
Answers
Answer:
diabetes is bad diseases that causes you to eat less sugar
Help me please and thank you
Answers
Based on the symptoms described, the veterinarian might suspect hog cholera (OD).
The correct option is D.
What are the symptoms of cholera in pigs?Hog cholera is a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs and is characterized by fever, diarrhea, and purple spots on the skin.
Other symptoms may include loss of appetite, lethargy, and respiratory issues.
Pseudorabies (OA) is also a viral disease that affects pigs and can cause similar symptoms, but it typically does not result in purple spots on the skin.
Rabies (OB) is a viral disease that affects the nervous system and can cause fever and neurological symptoms, but it is rare in pigs.
Influenza (OC) is a respiratory virus that can infect pigs, but it typically does not cause diarrhea or skin spots. Tetanus (OE) is caused by a bacterial infection and is not commonly associated with the symptoms described.
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Complete the statements below by choosing the correct
part of the neuron from the drop-down menus.
Information enters the neuron through structure
Information passes through structure to reach
structure
Information leaves the neuron through structure
A
B
С
D
E
Answers
Answer:
I believe it's A (dendrite), B (body), and then C (the end of the axon [name is escaping me])
A neuron is a basic nerve cell that builds the nervous system and transmits information throughout the body.
What do you mean by Transmission of information?The transmission of information may be defined as the passing of information from one region of the neuron to another by various means.
Information enters the neuron through the structure known as Dendrites. Information passes through a structure called soma or cell body to reach the structure known as Axon. Information leaves the neuron through the structure called telodendria or terminal boutons.Therefore, all the structures and functions of neurons are described above in a sequential manner.
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Question 7 of 10
A cell membrane is very specific about what it allows across. How does this
help the cell?
O A. Transport proteins allow only enzymes to pass through the
membrane.
O B. It is better for the cell if most molecules are prevented from
entering.
O C. The cell works better when it contains fewer proteins.
D. It helps the cell absorb as many different molecules as possible.
Answers
Answer:
The answer is D
Explanation:
As the cell is mostly dependant on ingested materials so this will help the cell to grow and perform other important activities in the cell
Which one of the following statements best describes the evidence that suggests that Down syndrome is more often the result of nondisjunction during oogenesis rather than during spermatogenesis?
a. The incidence of Down syndrome births increases with increasing age of the father.
b. The incidence of Down syndrome births increases with increasing age of the mother.
c. Mothers, but not fathers with Down syndrome can have children with Down syndrome.
d. Fathers, but not mothers with Down syndrome can have children with Down syndrome.
Answers
The incidence of Down syndrome births increases with increasing age of the mother therefore the correct option is B.
Down syndrome is more frequently the result of nondisjunction during oogenesis rather than during spermatogenesis. Studies have set up that the threat of having a child with Down pattern increases significantly with adding motherly age, with the loftiest threat seen in maters over 40 times old.
This suggests that the chromosomal abnormalities associated with Down pattern are more likely to do during oogenesis, which occurs before birth and isn't affected by the mother 's age.
Hence the correct option is B.
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In fruit flies, red eyes (R) are dominant to white eyes (r).
Create a punnett square a cross between a white eyed
female (rr) and a purebred red eyed male (RR).
Answers
_ _
R|Rr Rr|
R|Rr Rr|
____
you are on a committee that is planning whether or not to build a dam on a nearby river to produce hydroelectric power. describe some of the advantages and disadvantages you should consider before deciding to build the dam.
Answers
Dams preserve water, generate power, cause mass migration, and are expensive. Dams regulate water supply for domestic, industrial, and electric uses.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of dams?A dam is a structure that stops or slows the flow of water on the surface or in the ground.
Advantages of building a dam are:
Water flow is controlled and used to meet household, agricultural, and industrial demands.The reservoir that was formed behind the dam can be utilized for a variety of purposes, including irrigation, water sports, and even other forms of recreational pursuits.The production of energy by dams does not result in any pollution because there is no release of greenhouse gases during this process.Dams are utilized in conjunction with the hydroelectric plant in order to produce electricity.Disadvantages are:
The construction of dams takes many years, which results in a decrease in the quality of life for individuals who live in areas that are now undergoing construction.The process of constructing dams is one that is both time-consuming and incredibly expensive.The building of massive dams causes significant damage to the surface of the earth, which in turn has negative effects on geological processes.People are leaving in large numbers because they don't want to live in the area where the dam is going to be built.Learn more about dams, here:
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when using the steps of the scientific method, which step would you use immediately after the development of a hypothesis?
Answers
Please help me
What determines if an ocean current is warm or cold- short answer
THIS IS SCIENCE PLEASE HELP ME I GIVE BRAINYLIST
Answers
Answer:
Currents originating in low latitudes near the equator tend to carry warmer water. Currents originating in high latitudes near the north or south pole tend to carry colder water.
Explanation:
Brainiest please
i dont UNDERSTAND ?! some one help??? you dont have to do it all, just solve 3 as an example and explain how i do this please, i would also give brainliest
PLEASEEEEEEE AND THANKYOUUUUUUUUUU
Answers
PLEASE HELP, WILL GIVE BRAINLEIST. Explain the difference between primary and secondary succession. please not such a simple answer
Answers
Answer:
Primary succession begins on a newly exposed surface
while secondary succession begins on soil.
Primary succession basically takes place on "lifeless" areas as result of a disturbance for example, Glaciers and lava flow from valcanos.
Secondary succesion begins from things such as forest fires or an abandon field.
What can the compound light microscope be used for?
Answers
Answer: viewing red blood cells
Explanation:
Tissues samples, blood, pond microorganisms, and cells are some things you can see under this specific microscope. This is because they are most useful to see cells and small things.
How many gallons of sodium hypo chlorite solution containing 5% available chlorine should be added to 50 gallons of water in a chlorine chemical solution tank to prepare a chlorine solution of 200 mg/L
Answers
We need to add approximately 0.138 gallons (or about 0.52 liters) of the sodium hypochlorite solution to the 50 gallons of water in the chlorine chemical solution tank to prepare a chlorine solution of 200 mg/L.
To determine the amount of sodium hypochlorite solution needed, we can use the following equation:
C1V1 = C2V2
C1 = 5% = 0.05
V1 = unknown
C2 = 200 mg/L
V2 = 50 gallons
First, we need to convert the desired concentration of the chlorine solution from milligrams per liter to pounds per gallon:
200 mg/L = 200 mg/L * 1 g/1000 mg * 1 lb/453.59 g * 1 gallon/3.7854 L ≈ 0.000138 lb/gallon
Now we can plug in the values into the equation and solve for V1:
0.05V1 = 0.000138 * 50
V1 = 0.000138 * 50 / 0.05
V1 ≈ 0.138 gallons
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What are the components of nucleotides?
Answers
Answer: they consist of sugar molecules in RNA or you could define it as the deoxyribose that consists in DNA
Explanation: my answer be original
CAN I PLEASE HAVE BRAINLIEST
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Temperate grasslands and (blank) are two biomes that are dominated by grass species, share similar wildlife, and have few (blank). However, while temperate grasslands have (blank), the other grassland biome has (blank) .
Answers
Answer:
The answer is hot ,mammals
Answer:
Temperate grasslands and tropical savannas are two biomes that are dominated by grass species, share similar wildlife, and have few trees . However, while temperate grasslands have hot summers and cold winters , the other grassland biome has both rainy and dry seasons .
A laboratory technologist has identified a new type of protist. This protist is heterotrophic, but it also appears to extend threadlike structures into its environment. How could the technologist classify this protist
Answers
This protist can be classified as either an animal-like or fungus-like protist.
What are protists?The Kingdom Protista consists of eukaryotic protists.Members of this very diverse kingdom are typically unicellular and less complex in structure than other eukaryotes.Some protists are non-motile, others exhibit locomotion through different methods (flagella or cilia).These may be photosynthetic or heterotrophic.These organisms are often described based on their similarities to the other groups of eukaryotes: animals, plants, and fungi.The observed protist is heterotrophic which is an animal or fungus-like character. And it appears to extend threadlike structures just like the hyphae of a fungus. Therefore, this protist can be classified as either an animal-like or fungus-like protist.Learn more about protists here:
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two molecules of one reactant combine with 3 molecules of another to produce 5 molecules of a product.
Answers
For two molecules of one reactant combine with 3 molecules of another to produce 5 molecules of a product. A = 2A + 3B → 5C is the correct representation of the reaction.
The five molecules of C will result from a reaction between the two molecules of A and the three molecules of B.
2A + 3B → 5C
the other options are incorrect, Because,
B = A₂ + B₃ → C₅
One molecule of C₅ is produced when one molecule of A₂ and one molecule of B₃ combine in this reaction.
C = 2A + 5B → 3C
In this reaction, two molecules of A and five molecules of B combine to produce three molecules of C.
D = A₂ + B₃ → C₃
In this reaction, one molecule of C₃ is produced by the combination of one molecule of A₂ and one molecule of B₃.
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(complete question)
Two molecules of one reactant combine with 3 molecules of another to produce 5 molecules of a product.
Which equation is the correct representation of the reaction?
2A+3B→5C
A₂+B₃→C₅
2A+5B→3C
A₂+B₃→C₃
!please help!
32. How does the polar head and non-polar tails of a phospholipid allow phospholipid bilayers to form the cell
membrane?
Answers
Answer:
Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. This means that they have a hydrophilic, polar phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. These components of the phospholipids cause them to orientate themselves, so the phosphate head can interact with water and the fatty acid tails can't, hence forming a bilayer
Explanation:
Gene on a chromosome lies close to another gene controlling a different trait. This indicates that jeans are blank the first gene contributes to the expression of the second gene. This indicates blank
Answers
Answer: genes are linked
Explanation: Gene on a chromosome lies close to another gene controlling a different trait. This indicates that genes are linked, meaning they are physically close to each other on the same chromosome. The proximity of these genes suggests that they are more likely to be inherited together as a unit, rather than independently assorting during the process of genetic recombination.
20. Briefly explain how the epidermis is formed.
(15 points)
Enter your answer
Answers
The deepest layer of the epidermis is called the Stratum Basale. Keratinocytes, which are new epidermal cells, are formed here via cell division in order to replace the cells that are constantly being shed in the outer layers of the epidermis. As the older cells are pushed upwards, they harden through the process of keratinization and accumulate to form the outer layer of the epidermis.
Cellular components
The epidermis primarily consists of keratinocytes[4] (proliferating basal and differentiated suprabasal), which comprise 90% of its cells, but also contains melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells,[6]:2–3 and inflammatory cells. Epidermal thickenings called Rete ridges (or rete pegs) extend downward between dermal papillae.[7]Blood capillaries are found beneath the epidermis, and are linked to an arteriole and a venule. The epidermis itself has no blood supply and is nourished almost exclusively by diffused oxygen from the surrounding air.[8]
A power stroke involves Group of answer choices a thick filament pushing an actin filament towards the nearest Z-line. an actin molecule pulling a myosin molecule toward the M-line. a thin filament shortening in length and thereby shortening the sarcomere. a myosin head pulling a thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere.
Answers
A power stroke involves a myosin head pulling a thin filament toward the center of the sarcomere.
What is a power stroke?During muscle contraction, myosin heads undergo a conformational change and attach to actin filaments.
This causes the myosin heads to pull the thin filaments inward, shortening the sarcomere and generating the force needed for muscle movement.
In other words, the power stroke occurs when the myosin head moves, causing the thin filament to slide past it, resulting in muscle contraction.
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Metamorphism by hydrothermal fluids are most likely to result in____
a. phase change
b. pressure solution
c. foliation
d. melting
d. change in composition
Answers
D) Metamorphism by hydrothermal fluids is most likely to result in a change in composition.
What is metamorphism?Metamorphism is the process by which existing rocks are transformed into new ones due to changing environmental factors such as heat, pressure, and chemical activity. One of the most common agents of metamorphism is hydrothermal fluids, which can change the composition of rocks over time.
These fluids are heated water solutions that move through the Earth's crust, causing existing rocks to melt, recrystallize, or undergo other structural changes. The type of metamorphism that results from hydrothermal fluids depends on several factors, including temperature, pressure, and the chemical makeup of the fluids themselves.
These factors can influence the physical and chemical changes that take place in the rock, leading to a range of different metamorphic outcomes. Answer: d. change in composition.
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A sample of liquid water is boiling. As more heat is added, the temperature of the liquid water will
Answers
Answer:
increase
Explanation:
Answer: It will increase
Explain: When the water tempter gets higher the water starts to increase due to the heat.
I hope this help! have a nice day!
2)convert 3900 GM into kilogram
Answers
Answer:
3.9Kg
Explanation:
Answer:
3.9 Kilogram
Explanation:
Need help
Identify the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA strand ACG using the codon chart below.
Threonie
Serine
Lysine
Arginine
Answers
Answer:
option 4 is your answer
Explanation:
The correct amino acid for the ACG sequence is Threonine (Thr).
During translation, a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence is read in the ribosomes to synthesize a polypeptide chain (i.e., a protein).
The correct order of triplets of nucleotides or 'codons' in the mRNA determines the order of amino acids in the nascent polypeptide chain.
Each codon determines a specific amino acid. In this case, the codon ACG encodes for the amino acid Threonine.
In conclusion, the correct amino acid for the ACG sequence is Threonine (Thr).
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Which of these will promote a strong culture of ethics at Sybil?a. promoting insider tradingb. only rewarding salesc. a sole focus on Carroll’s economic responsibilityd. a code of ethics
Answers
Option d , A strong culture of ethics is crucial for the success and reputation of a company like Sybil.
One way to promote such a culture is by implementing a code of ethics. A code of ethics sets clear guidelines for ethical behavior and values, and serves as a reference for employees to make ethical decisions in their work. Encouraging employees to adhere to this code and creating a culture that values ethical behavior over financial gain will foster a strong culture of ethics at Sybil.
On the other hand, practices such as promoting insider trading or rewarding sales at the expense of ethical behavior can undermine the culture of ethics and harm the reputation of the company. A sole focus on Carroll's economic responsibility may also neglect the importance of ethical considerations and the impact they have on the long-term success of the company. Implementing a code of ethics is the best way to promote a strong culture of ethics at Sybil.
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A decrease in diaphragmatic excursion is associated with what class of restrictive disease? O Neuromuscular O Abdominal O Skeletal O Pulmonary
Answers
A decrease in the diaphragmatic excursion is associated with the pulmonary restrictive disease.
A diaphragmatic excursion is the movement of the diaphragm during respiration. It is a measurement of how much the diaphragm is contracting or moving downwards during inhalation and how much it is relaxing or moving upward during exhalation.
Restrictive lung disease is a type of lung disease characterized by a reduction in lung volumes, either due to an alteration in the lung parenchyma, pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular function. In restrictive lung disease, the lung's capacity to expand is reduced, making it difficult for a person to breathe in sufficient oxygen.
Therefore, a decrease in the diaphragmatic excursion is associated with pulmonary restrictive disease.
The major restrictive lung diseases are:
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