You isolate a novel yeast from Antarctica and discover that the yeast has lots of gene for generating public goods outside of the cell. Would this pattern lead you to expect that the species had likely evolved growing primarily on surfaces, or floating freely in the ocean
Answers
The presence of genes for generating public goods outside of the cell in a novel yeast isolated from Antarctica would suggest that the species likely evolved growing primarily on surfaces.
The fact that a novel yeast from Antarctica has many genes for generating public goods outside the cell would suggest that the species has likely evolved to grow primarily on surfaces rather than floating freely in the ocean.
Public goods are molecules that are produced by an individual that benefit the population as a whole. In surface-associated environments, such as biofilms, these molecules can be shared among cells and contribute to the fitness of the entire population.
However, in a freely floating environment, these molecules would quickly diffuse away, limiting their effectiveness as public goods.
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that grow on surfaces and are common in a variety of environments, including soil, water, and the human body. In these environments, surface attachment provides a stable environment for microbial growth and allows for the exchange of public goods among cells.
The fact that this yeast has many genes for generating public goods outside the cell suggests that it has likely evolved to grow in a biofilm-like environment on surfaces in Antarctica.
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Related Questions
PHYSICAL SCIENCE PLEASE HELP !! DUE TODAY AT 11
WILL GIVE BRAINLY / BRAINLIEST !!
Answers
Don't forget to give brainliest! Ok so on number 1. it has 2 significant digit, number 2. has 1 significant digit, number 3. has 1 significant digit and number 4 has no significant digits. You will only know the answer by looking at the mathematical expressions though. Hope that helped. :)
Black coat color is dominant over white coat color in guinea pigs. in addition to coat color, rough coat is dominant over smooth coat.
b. Demonstrate a cross between a heterozygous black/homozygous smooth and homozygous white/heterozygous rough. describe the phenotypes as fractions?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
C = dominant black coat
c = recessive white coat
T = dominant rough coat
t = recessive smooth coat
Heterozygous black coat + Homozygous smooth guinea pig genotype:
Cc tt
homozygous white/heterozygous rough:
cc Tt
Punnett Square
After looking at Punnett squares attached, we can see that 1/2 of offspring are either black or white and 1/2 of offspring are either rough or smooth.
Cc - black coat - 2/4 - 1/2
cc - white coat - 2/4 - 1/2
Tt - rough coat - 2/4 - 1/2
tt - smooth coat - 2/4 - 1/2
what is the correct summary for the energy investment vs. energy harvesting steps of glycolysis? multiple choice 2 atp are invested and no atp are harvested to produce a net loss of 2 atp. 4 atp are invested and 6 atp are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 atp. 2 atp are invested and 4 atp are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 atp. no atp are invested and 2 atp are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 atp.
Answers
The correct summary for the energy investment vs. energy harvesting steps of glycolysis is A. 2 ATP are invested and 4 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.
The conversion of glucose into energy is known as glycolysis, and it begins with the breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.
Two molecules of ATP are used to start the reaction during this phase. The energy held inside the glucose molecules is released once the reaction has begun and is used to change four molecules of ADP into four molecules of ATP.
In the end, two additional ATP molecules are gained as a result.
Complete Question:
What is the correct summary for the energy investment vs. energy harvesting steps of glycolysis?
Multiple choiceS
A. 2 ATP are invested and 4 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.
B. 4 ATP are invested and 6 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.
C. No ATP are invested and 2 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.
D. 2 ATP are invested and no ATP are harvested to produce a net loss of 2 ATP.
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A carbohydrate is broken down into smaller sugars, this is an example of what type of energy?
A.chemical
B.mechanical
C.sound
D.nuclear
Answers
Chemical energy
Which central idea do the details in this passage support?
there are not enough lifeboats on the titanic.
the passengers are returning to their cabins.
the people on the ship know that time is running out.
the rising water is like a human being on the ship.
Answers
According to the details mentioned in the passage, the central idea that the details support is: "The people on the ship know that time is running out."
The central idea that the details in this passage support is that there is a sense of urgency and danger as the passengers of the Titanic are realizing that there are not enough lifeboats and that time is running out. The fact that they are returning to their cabins and that the rising water is described as being like a human being on the ship further emphasizes the gravity of the situation.
These details collectively support the central idea that the people on the ship are aware that time is running out, emphasizing the urgency and impending disaster they are facing.
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The diagram below represents the process of active transport. Click the portion of the diagram that provides the energy to power this process
Answers
Active transport is the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the use of cellular energy.
Active transport involves in movement of molecule against a concentration or electrochemical gradient, with the help of energy. Active transport system use this process for maintaining the right concentrations of ions and molecules in living cells.
In active transport, is the process were molecule move against the concentration gradient, from low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy. It is the opposite of passive transport.
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A collection or mass of blood that forms between the skull and the dura mater is termed a(n):_________
Answers
A collection or mass of blood that forms between the skull and the dura mater is termed a(n) epidural hematoma.
What is a epidural hematoma?An epidural hematoma occurs when there is bleeding between the inside of the skull and the dura or it can also occur when a vessel breaks and bleeds in this given space between the dura mater and the skull, it can be caused by head trauma.
This bleeding or mass can generate pressure in the brain, increasing intracranial pressure, which is rapidly increased, also generating a brain injury, thus compromising the brain. Being then urgent the drainage or extraction of the blood or mass.
Therefore, we can confirm that a collection or mass of blood that forms between the skull and the dura mater is termed a(n) epidural hematoma.
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In a population exhibiting logistic growth, for very low values of N relativeto K, the expected change in population can be best described byA. the ¾ power law.B. exponential growth.C. a growth rate equal to K.D a growth rate equal to 1-K.
Answers
In a population exhibiting logistic growth, for very low values of N relative to K, the expected change in population can be best described by B. exponential growth.
In logistic growth, the population increases rapidly when N is small and slows down as N approaches K, which is the carrying capacity of the environment.
When N is much smaller than K, resources are abundant and the population experiences a growth rate similar to exponential growth. However, as N gets closer to K, the available resources become limiting, causing the growth rate to decrease.
This pattern of growth is represented by the logistic growth equation, which includes a term (1 - N/K) that takes into account the effect of resource limitations on population growth. In summary, when N is very low relative to K, the population experiences exponential growth, but as it approaches K, the growth rate decreases due to limited resources. Hence, the correct answer is Option B.
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Even though it is heavily debated, solitary confinement continues to be used in the prison system. What are some of the ethical arguments against using this technique?
** CRIMINAL JUSTICE 20 POINTS **
Answers
Answer:
system.
Cruel and inhumane treatment: Some argue that solitary confinement constitutes cruel and inhumane treatment, as it can cause severe psychological harm to inmates. Being isolated for extended periods of time can lead to anxiety, depression, hallucinations, and other mental health issues.
Lack of rehabilitation: Solitary confinement is not effective in rehabilitating prisoners. Instead, it can make inmates more violent and unstable, as they have no access to education, therapy, or other forms of rehabilitation.
Violation of human rights: Solitary confinement violates the human rights of prisoners, as it deprives them of basic needs such as social interaction, natural light, and fresh air. It also denies them the right to due process and the ability to challenge their confinement.
Disproportionate use: Solitary confinement is often used disproportionately against marginalized groups such as people of color, LGBTQ+ individuals, and those with mental illnesses. This can perpetuate systemic discrimination and inequality within the prison system.
Ineffective as a deterrent: Solitary confinement has not been proven to be an effective deterrent against crime. Rather, it can perpetuate a cycle of violence and trauma, leading to higher rates of recidivism.
Overall, these ethical arguments suggest that the use of solitary confinement should be reconsidered and alternative forms of punishment and rehabilitation should be explored.
Explanation:
Answer:
Solitary confinement, also known as segregation or isolation, is a form of punishment where an inmate is kept in a cell for 22-24 hours a day with little to no human interaction. This practice has been criticized for its severe impact on mental health, and has raised several ethical concerns. One of the primary arguments against the use of solitary confinement is that it violates the Eighth Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. The United Nations has also condemned its use as a form of torture, as it can lead to psychological and physical harm.
Explanation:
why does carbon dioxide still pass through the layer of oil during fermentation
Answers
how has the change in land use affected the balance of photosynthesis and respiration? how could we change land use to stabilize or reverse this trend?
Answers
If there is a change in land use, it will cause the plant to decrease so that the reduction in carbon storage is also reduced, so it becomes a contributor to global climate change. To stabilize this situation, we can use land with go-green innovations.
The by-product of respiration is CO₂ which will be released into the atmosphere. The process of photosynthesis in plants requires CO₂ from respiration. When there is a change in land use, it will cause a decrease in vegetation so the reduction in carbon storage is also reduced. So, the atmospheric concentration of CO₂ (carbon dioxide) from respiration will increase thereby contributing to global climate change.
Plants and phytoplankton are the main components that play a role in the short carbon cycle. Plants and phytoplankton absorb carbon released in the atmosphere to photosynthesize to form carbohydrates and oxygen. Grow utilizes the sugar produced to produce energy in the growth process
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Which of the following is a modification of the simple columnar epithelium that allows for efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract? fibroblasts thin and permeable dense microville cilia
Answers
The correct answer is "microvilli." Microvilli are microscopic, finger-like projections that extend from the apical surface of cells in a simple columnar epithelium. These small structures greatly increase the surface area available for absorption and play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of nutrient absorption along portions of the digestive tract.
Within the digestive tract, the simple columnar epithelium lines the surface of organs like the small intestine and large intestine, where nutrient absorption occurs. The presence of microvilli on the surface of these epithelial cells provides numerous benefits for efficient absorption.
Firstly, the abundance of microvilli significantly increases the total surface area available for absorption. This increased surface area allows for a greater contact between the luminal contents (such as digested food) and the absorptive cells, maximizing the absorption of nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Secondly, the microvilli contain specialized transport proteins and channels that facilitate the absorption of specific molecules. These proteins help transport nutrients across the epithelial cells and into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The dense packing of microvilli amplifies the presence of these transport proteins, further enhancing absorption efficiency.
Additionally, the microvilli possess a brush-like appearance due to their close arrangement. This brush border aids in trapping and retaining the digested food particles and nutrients, preventing their rapid movement through the digestive tract. This allows for sufficient time for absorption processes to occur.
In contrast to microvilli, cilia are hair-like structures present on certain types of epithelial cells. While cilia have important functions like moving mucus and facilitating the movement of substances, they are not directly involved in absorption along portions of the digestive tract.
Therefore, the modification of the simple columnar epithelium that enables efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract is the presence of microvilli.
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Which organisms are not examples of an adaptive radiation?A. Mammals and reptiles in the post-dinosaur ageB. Honeycreeper songbirds of the Hawaiian islandsC. Horses and deer in the post-dinosaur ageD. Anolis lizards of the Caribbean
Answers
Organisms that are not examples of an adaptive radiation are those that did not undergo rapid speciation and diversification to fill ecological niches in a relatively short period of time. Based on this definition, option A (mammals and reptiles in the post-dinosaur age) and option C (horses and deer in the post-dinosaur age) are not examples of adaptive radiations as they evolved over a longer period of time and did not experience a sudden burst of diversification.
Option B (honeycreeper songbirds of the Hawaiian islands) and option D (Anolis lizards of the Caribbean) are examples of adaptive radiations as they underwent rapid diversification to fill ecological niches in their respective island habitats.
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water pollution is bad because
(a) is difficult to prevent
(b) is a natural consequences of farming
(c) is difficult to detect
(d) harm living things
Answers
Answer:
d harming living things.
Answer:
It harm living things
Explanation:
Because if a water is polluted it harm living things
Which substance is a fuel used in nuclear power plants?
O coal
O sulfur dioxide
O carbon dioxide
O uranium
Answers
Answer:
uranium
Explanation:
nuclear power plants are powered by radio active substances and the only option that is radio active would be uranium
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are both part of which division of the nervous system?
the central nervous system
the peripheral nervous system
the somatic nervous system
the autonomic nervous system
Answers
Answer:
The answer is D. The autonomic nervous system.
Answer:
(D): the autonomic nervous system
Explanation:
Got it right on edge! Good Luck <3
Tamesha plays tennis all day in the hot Sun and drinks very little. What effect will her behaviour have on the quantity and concentration of her urine? Explain your answer.
Answers
Tamesha's behavior will result in decreased quantity and increased concentration of her urine due to dehydration from inadequate fluid intake.
Tamesha's behavior of playing tennis all day in the hot sun and drinking very little will have significant effects on the quantity and concentration of her urine. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
Quantity of Urine: When Tamesha engages in intense physical activity and sweats heavily due to the hot sun, her body loses a significant amount of fluid. With limited fluid intake, there is less water available for the kidneys to produce urine. As a result, the quantity of her urine will decrease.Concentration of Urine: With reduced fluid intake and increased water loss through sweating, Tamesha is likely to become dehydrated. Dehydration triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which acts on the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the filtrate. This adaptive mechanism helps conserve water in the body, leading to a higher concentration of solutes in the urine. Consequently, the concentration of Tamesha's urine will increase.Overall, Tamesha's behavior of playing tennis in the hot sun and drinking very little will result in a decrease in urine quantity and an increase in urine concentration due to dehydration and the body's efforts to conserve water.
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What happens to biodiversity
when species are lost?
O biodiversity
O biodiversity
gets higher
stays the same
biodiversity gets lower
O nothing
Answers
Answer:
C, biodiversity gets lower
Explanation:
When species are lost, biodiversity gets lower. This is because each species plays a unique role in the ecosystem, and the loss of one species can have cascading effects on the rest of the ecosystem. As more species are lost, the complexity and resilience of the ecosystem decline, resulting in a decrease in overall biodiversity.
what causes the hemolysis associated with malarial infections?
Answers
Hemolytic anaemia causes the hemolysis associated with malarial infections.
The primary cause is non-immune, which relies on the kind of malaria and the parasitemia percentage and is caused by the parasite directly destroying red blood cells (RBCs). Your body can become infected with parasites, viruses, and bacteria, which can harm your red blood cells and cause them to degrade before your body can produce replacements. Red blood cells become infected when the malaria parasites enter the bloodstream from an infectious mosquito bite. Red blood cells burst at the conclusion of that infectious cycle.
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How does scientific knowledge continue to change over time?
A. Living systems are constantly changing, so previous explanations
no longer apply.
B. Scientists always change their assumptions and explanations to
keep their work interesting.
C. Each new discovery is based on new data and ignores previous
investigations.
OD. Scientists reevaluate current assumptions and explanations as
new data and technology become available.
Answers
Answer: the answer is D
Explanation:
protein synthesis takes place in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. review the diagram of a prokaryotic bacterial cell. how does prokaryotic transcription and translation differ from these processes in eukaryotic cells?
Answers
Protein synthesis is the process of creating new proteins from amino acids. This process occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. In prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm. The prokaryotic genome is compact, and the DNA is not separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane. Therefore, the RNA polymerase can access the DNA directly and begin transcription.
In contrast, in eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and the newly synthesized RNA must be transported to the cytoplasm for translation. The nuclear envelope separates the DNA from the cytoplasm, and RNA must exit the nucleus through nuclear pores. In addition, eukaryotic transcription is more complex due to the presence of introns and exons, which require additional processing steps to produce a mature mRNA molecule.
Prokaryotic transcription and translation can occur simultaneously because there is no need to modify the mRNA transcript before translation. In eukaryotes, however, mRNA molecules undergo various modifications, such as splicing and capping, before they are ready for translation.
In summary, while protein synthesis occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the process differs in the way transcription and translation occur. Prokaryotic transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus and requires additional processing steps before translation can occur in the cytoplasm.
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Transcription and translation occur almost simultaneously in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes due to absence of nuclear membrane while they are separated in eukaryotic because of nuclear membrane. Transcription in eukaryotes occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
Explanation:The processes of transcription and translation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some fundamental differences despite they both involve protein synthesis. In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur almost simultaneously in the cytoplasm as prokaryotes don't have nuclear membranes to separate transcription from translation. DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is quickly translated into protein. On the contrary, in eukaryotes, transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm, requiring the presence of nuclear pores for mRNA to travel from nucleus to the cytoplasm.
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Which level of organization is shown in the image?
.
ocell
O tissue
organ
organ system
Answers
Answer:
cell
Explanation:
definition its basic unit of life
Hii!! The correct answer is actually B. tissue. (:
What happens when there is an influx of
nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem?
a. nutrients become limited in that ecosystem
b. there is an overabundance of nutrients
c. producers work in harmony to supply nutrients to the
area
d. producers slow down their rate of production
Answers
When there is an influx of nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem, there is an overabundance of nutrients. This excess of nutrients can lead to an increase in the growth of algae and other plants, which can ultimately lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem. This process is called eutrophication and can have harmful effects on the ecosystem.
The overgrowth of plants can lead to a lack of oxygen in the water, which can harm other aquatic life. Additionally, the excess nutrients can lead to the growth of harmful bacteria and parasites, which can cause illness in animals and humans that come into contact with the water. Overall, an influx of nutrients can have significant impacts on the health and balance of an aquatic ecosystem.
When there is an influx of nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem, it leads to an overabundance of nutrients (b). This excess can cause a rapid growth of algae and other producers, resulting in algal blooms. These blooms can deplete oxygen levels in the water, negatively affecting fish and other aquatic organisms. The overabundance of nutrients can also lead to imbalances within the ecosystem, disrupting the harmony between producers and consumers. In such scenarios, nutrients do not become limited (a) and producers neither work in harmony (c) nor slow down their production rate (d). Instead, the ecosystem becomes stressed and imbalanced.
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Which option describes how genes control the traits of a cell?
Genes become building blocks for specific structures and molecules in a cell. Those structures and molecules form the traits of the cell.
Genes code for specific structures and molecules in a cell. Those structures and molecules form the traits of the cell.
Genes are molecules that organelles are made out of. Once assembled into organelles, they form the traits of the cell.,
Genes determine how much energy goes to each organelle in the cell. The organelles form the traits of the cell.
Answers
Answer:
Genes code for specific structure
and molecules in a cell. those structures and molecules from the traits of the cell
Explanation:
Genes are capable of controlling traits by means of gene expression. The gene's DNA comprises a nucleotide sequence that corresponds to a particular amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code, that comprises a set of three codons each specifying a particular amino acid
Ari drew a diagram to show organisms in an ecosystem. What did Ari draw?
Answers
Answer:
food web
Explanation:
Food web is an interconnection and assimilation of different good chains. Many food chains are interlinked a hence a food web is created. This represents what is eaten by which organism. The diagram that Ari had drawn is a diagram of a food chain. The grass is the primary source of food in the food web. Rabbit, Mouse, and grasshopper are the animals that eat the grass. The grasshopper is eaten by a shrew and a mouse. The rabbit and shrew are then eaten by the fox. A mouse is eaten by a snake and a fox. This is the diagrammatic representation of a food web.
Answer:
food web
Explanation:
What environmental factors can
lead to genetic variations?
Answers
Answer:
The main environmental factors that lead to genetic variation is a change in temperature and light.
Explanation:
Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body. Justify your answer.
Answers
Enamel is indeed the hardest substance in the human body. It is present in teeth of humans. It covers every tooth and provides the hard layer.
Tooth Enamel is hard glossy substance that is comprised of calcium and phosphate mineral crystals which in return makes our teeth more stronger. Teeth enamel care is extremely important to maintain the oral health of teeth.
Tooth Enamel is one of the major tissue that make up tooth in humans. It covers the top layer of the teeth known as Crown. Calcium hardens the tooth enamel. Enamel contains 96% of the minerals. The color of Enamel varies from light yellow to white.
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which part of the lower respiratory tract is intimately in contact with the cardiovascular system?
Answers
The alveoli, which are the smallest functional units of the lungs and responsible for gas exchange, are intimately in contact with the cardiovascular system. The walls of the alveoli are surrounded by capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels that allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream. This close association between the alveoli and the cardiovascular system is essential for the efficient exchange of gases that allows us to breathe and maintain cellular function.
I hope I helped!~~~Harsha~~~
How do plants get energy from the sun?
Answers
Answer:
Plants use photosynthesis.
Plants rely on the energy in sunlight to produce the nutrients they need.
Explanation:
What happens at a convergent boundary?
A. Magma rises from the mantle.
B. New crust is created.
C. Crust is destroyed.
D. A guyot forms.
SUBMIT
Answers
Option C. Crust is destroyed. at a convergent boundary.
A convergent boundary (additionally known as an unfavorable boundary) is an area on the earth in which two or greater lithospheric plates collide. One plate finally slides underneath the alternative, a procedure referred to as subduction. The subduction quarter can be described by using an aircraft where many earthquakes occur, known as the Wadati–Benioff region.
Convergent boundaries are the collision of the Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the Himalayas Mountains, and the collision of the African Plate with the Eurasian Plate, creating the series of tiers extending from the Alps in Europe to the Zagros Mountains in Iran.
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