Would removal of sodium chloride from MSA alter the medium's sensitivity or specificity? Explain your answer (See pages 8 and 9, "A Word About Experimental Design, " for assistance with these terms.)

Answers

Answer 1

Yes, the removal of sodium chloride (NaCl) from Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) would alter the medium's sensitivity and specificity. MSA is a selective and differential medium used to isolate and identify Staphylococcus species, particularly Staphylococcus aureus.

"Would removal of sodium chloride from MSA alter the medium's sensitivity or specificity?"

1. Sensitivity: The high concentration of sodium chloride (7.5-10%) in MSA helps inhibit the growth of non-halophilic and non-halotolerant bacteria. Removing NaCl would decrease the medium's sensitivity because it would no longer selectively inhibit non-Staphylococcus species, allowing the growth of other bacteria and potentially leading to false positives.

2. Specificity: Sodium chloride plays a role in MSA's specificity as well. MSA contains mannitol as a carbohydrate source. Staphylococcus aureus ferments mannitol, producing acid that turns the phenol red indicator yellow. The presence of NaCl helps to maintain the osmotic pressure, promoting the fermentation of mannitol by Staphylococcus aureus. Removing NaCl would affect the specificity, as the medium would no longer accurately differentiate between Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcus species based on mannitol fermentation.

In summary, removing sodium chloride from MSA would alter both its sensitivity and specificity, making it less effective in selectively isolating and identifying Staphylococcus species, particularly Staphylococcus aureus.

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Answer 2

The removal of sodium chloride from MSA (Mannitol Salt Agar) would not significantly alter the medium's specificity or sensitivity.

MSA is a selective and differential agar commonly used for the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus species. It contains mannitol as the carbohydrate source and a high concentration of sodium chloride to select for halotolerant bacteria such as Staphylococcus. The salt concentration also inhibits the growth of other non-halotolerant bacteria.

While the high salt concentration plays a role in selecting for Staphylococcus, it is not a crucial component for the medium's specificity or sensitivity. The key components for the medium's selectivity and differential ability are mannitol and the pH indicator phenol red. Mannitol fermentation by Staphylococcus species leads to the production of acid, which causes a change in the pH of the medium and turns the indicator from red to yellow. This change is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from other Staphylococcus species.

In summary, removing sodium chloride from MSA would not significantly affect its ability to selectively grow and differentiate Staphylococcus species based on mannitol fermentation.

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Related Questions

What is called exothermic ​

Answers

An exothermic process is one that gives off heat.

Explanation:

This heat is transferred to the surroundings. An endothermic process is one in which heat has to be supplied to the system from the surroundings.

Write a chemical equation that describes the overall reaction she is observing. b. (1 pt) Write the balanced half reaction (including electrons and protons) for the reaction happening at the anode. c. (1 pt) Write the balanced half reaction (including electrons and protons) for the reaction happening at the cathode.

Answers

a. A chemical equation that describes the overall reaction is observing is Zn + CuSO₄ → Cu + ZnSO₄

b. Balanced half-reaction for the reaction happening at the anode: Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻

c. Balanced half-reaction for the reaction happening at the cathode: Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu

To find the chemical equation and balanced half-reaction, we must  understand  the terms chemical equation, balanced half reaction, electrons, protons, anode and cathode.

Chemical Equation: A chemical equation is a representation of a chemical reaction that shows the reactants and products in the chemical reaction.Balanced Half Reaction: A half-reaction is an equation that shows either a reduction or an oxidation reaction. If we add up the half-reactions for oxidation and reduction, then we get the balanced chemical equation.Electrons: Electrons are negatively charged particles that revolve around the nucleus of an atom in different energy levels or shells.Protons: Protons are positively charged particles present in the nucleus of an atom.Anode: The electrode that loses electrons during an electrochemical reaction.Cathode: The electrode that gains electrons during an electrochemical reaction.

Thus, the overall reaction is the sum of two half-reactions.

Your question is incomplete, but your full question can't be found. Thus, the answer is general answer based on the  given keywords.

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Can someone help me with these??

Can someone help me with these??

Answers

Answer: let me see I gotta do the work first then I’ll give you the answers

Explanation:

Page. 5. What is the position of alkali metals in the Modern periodec table. ​

Answers

Question:-

What is the position of alkali metals in the Modern periodic table.

Answer:-

They are placed in the IA group, which is the first column on the left side of the periodic table.

Explanation:-

Alkali metals are placed on the first column (IA)

(lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium)

a graduated cylinder with a mass of 105.56 g has 45.4 ml of a certain liquid added to it. the mass of the cylinder and the liquid is 136.15 g. what is the density of this liquid?

Answers

The density of the liquid is 0.794 g/mL.

To calculate the density of the liquid, we can use the formula:

Density = Mass / Volume

Given information:

Mass of the graduated cylinder = 105.56 g

Volume of the liquid = 45.4 mL

Total mass of cylinder and liquid = 136.15 g

To find the mass of the liquid, we subtract the mass of the cylinder from the total mass:

Mass of the liquid = Total mass - Mass of the cylinder

Mass of the liquid = 136.15 g - 105.56 g

Mass of the liquid = 30.59 g

Now we can calculate the density:

Density = Mass of the liquid / Volume of the liquid

Density = 30.59 g / 45.4 mL

Converting mL to cm³ (since 1 mL = 1 cm³):

Density = 30.59 g / 45.4 cm³

Density = 0.674 g/cm³

Rounding to three decimal places, the density of the liquid is approximately 0.794 g/mL.

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Evaporation cools the liquid that is left behind because the molecules that leave the liquid during evaporation: A. have kinetic energy B.have greater than average speedeh C.Have broken the bonds that held them in the liquid. D. Create vapor pressure.

Answers

Create vapor pressure is behind because the molecules that leave the liquid during evaporation.

What is evaporation ?

The water cycle's crucial step is evaporation. When a liquid transforms into a gas, evaporation takes place. As rain puddles "disappear" on a hot day or when wet clothing dries in the sun, it is simple to envision. The liquid water in these instances is evaporating into a gas known as water vapor rather than actually dissipating.

What is kinetic energy ?

When an item undergoes work—the transfer of energy—by being subjected to a net force, it accelerates and acquires kinetic energy.

Therefore, Create vapor pressure is behind because the molecules that leave the liquid during evaporation.

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Use the equation below to determine the limiting reactant.
2 Li + H2SO4 --> H2 + Li2SO4
When 3 moles of Li are reacted with 3 moles of H2SO4, what is the limiting reactant and why?

H2SO4 because it has a higher molar mass than Li


Li because you will run out of Li first


Neither -- you have the same number of moles of both reactants


H2SO4 because you will run out of H2SO4 first

Answers

To determine the limiting reactant, we need to compare the number of moles of each reactant to the stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced equation.

The balanced equation tells us that 2 moles of Li react with 1 mole of H2SO4. Therefore, if we have 3 moles of Li and 3 moles of H2SO4, we can see that we have an excess of H2SO4 because we only need 1.5 moles of H2SO4 to react with all 3 moles of Li.

So the limiting reactant is Li because it will run out first. We have 1.5 moles of H2SO4 left over after the reaction is complete.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

Li because you will run out of Li first.

A glycosidic bond is a bond between the anomeric carbon of a carbohydrate and any other biological molecule
a. true
b. false

Answers

The statement "a glycosidic bond is a bond between the anomeric carbon of a carbohydrate and any other biological molecule" is true.A glycosidic bond is a type of covalent bond that forms between the anomeric carbon of a carbohydrate molecule and another molecule, such as another carbohydrate, a protein, or a lipid.

The anomeric carbon is the carbon atom in a carbohydrate molecule that was involved in the formation of the carbonyl group (C=O) during the cyclization of the sugar. The anomeric carbon can exist in two different configurations, alpha or beta, depending on the orientation of the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to it. When the anomeric carbon reacts with another molecule, such as an alcohol or amine group of another carbohydrate, a glycosidic bond is formed.

Glycosidic bonds are important in the formation of complex carbohydrates, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose, as well as in the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The type of glycosidic bond formed between two carbohydrates can have significant implications for their biological function and the properties of the resulting molecule.

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the middle of an atom is called?

Answers

Answer:

In the middle of every atom is the nucleus

Explanation:

The nucleus contains two types of subatomic particles, protons and neutrons.

Answer:

the middle of an atom is called nuclear which contains total number of protons and total number of neutron

what particle matters most to get a stable atom

Answers

protons and atoms matter most!

What is the formula for Water?​

Answers

The formula of water is H2O

Explanation:

The water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. So the chemical molecula formula of water is H2O where H is the symbol of hydrogen and O is the symbol of oxygen and 2 indicates that there are two atoms of hydrogen.

Hope this helps you!

I need help on this question

I need help on this question

Answers

Sorry but I can not help try or slowly read the question or go back to that question later

GUYS PLEASE HELP. I HAVE THIS AS ONE OF MY TEST THING AND ITS FOR 100 POINTS. ILL COPY AND PASTE IT.

Question: Prior to an investigation on the human body, students predict how new cells are created. According to cell theory, which students prediction is correct
Responses

A. Humans are born with all the cells they will ever need. The cell grow and develop but are not replaced

B. New cells are created from nutrients in the food we eat, such as calcium

C. New cells are created from existing cells

D, New cells are created by the reproductive system to replace cells that wear out

Answers

Answer:

D, New cells are created by the reproductive system to replace cells that wear out

Explanation:

Because The cells are going through cell division from mitosis causing new cell to form

a claim about arrangements of electrons and properties within a family elements

Answers

A claim about the arrangements of electrons and properties within a family of elements is described below:

elements in the same family have the same number of outermost shell electronselements in the same family have similar chemical properties due to them having the same arrangements of electrons

What are families of elements?

Families of elements refer to elements that are found in the same group in the periodic table.

Elements that belong to the same family have the same arrangement of electrons.

The families of elements are found in the vertical columns knowns as groups. They have the same physical properties because they have the same number of e; electrons in their outermost shell.

For example, elements belonging to group 1 have one valence electron and show similarity in their chemical properties.

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Which one of the following pairs of solutions will not form a buffer solution regardless of proportions in which they are mixed together?
- Na2HPO4, HCl
- KOH, H2SO2
- CH3NH2, HBr
- KHSO3, K2SO3
- NaOH, HClO4

Answers

The pair of solutions that will not form a buffer solution regardless of the proportions in which they are mixed together is: NaOH, HClO4

A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

In the given pair, NaOH is a strong base and HClO4 is a strong acid. When these two solutions are mixed, they will undergo a strong acid-base neutralization reaction, resulting in the formation of water and a salt (NaClO4).

Since both the acid and base are strong, there will be no significant amounts of their conjugate forms present in the solution. Therefore, this pair of solutions will not form a buffer solution.

The pair of solutions that will not form a buffer solution is NaOH and HClO4.

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Which of the following elements has the highest electro negativity

Answers

Answer:

What are the choices? :)

Explanation:

Answer:

Fluorine

Explanation:

Fluorine is the most electronegative element.

let me know if this is wrong :)

How many valence electrons in this electron configuration 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Electron Configurations

A B

Fluorine 1s2 2s2 2p5

Neon 1s2 2s2 2p6

Sodium 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1

Magnesium 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

A sample of 7.75 g of Mg1OH22 is added to 25.0 mL of 0.200 M HNO3. (a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. (b) Which is the limiting reactant in the reaction

Answers

(a) The chemical equation for the reaction that occurs between Mg(OH)\(_{2}\) and HNO\(_{3}\) can be written as: Mg(OH)\(_{2}\) + 2HNO\(_{3}\) → Mg(NO\(_{3}\))\(_{2}\) + 2H\(_{2}\)O

(b) Mg(OH)\(_{2}\) will be in excess.

To determine the limiting reactant, we need to compare the number of moles of each reactant and see which one is present in a lower amount.

First, we calculate the number of moles of Mg(OH)\(_{2}\) using its molar mass. The molar mass of Mg(OH)\(_{2}\) is 58.33 g/mol.

Number of moles of Mg(OH)\(_{2}\) = Mass of Mg(OH)\(_{2}\) / Molar mass of Mg(OH)2

= 7.75 g / 58.33 g/mol

≈ 0.133 mol

Next, we calculate the number of moles of HNO\(_{3}\) using its molarity and volume.

Number of moles of HNO\(_{3}\) = Molarity of HNO\(_{3}\) x Volume of HNO\(_{3}\)

= 0.200 mol/L x 0.0250 L

= 0.005 mol

Since the number of moles of Mg(OH)\(_{2}\) is higher than that of HNO\(_{3}\), HNO\(_{3}\) is the limiting reactant in the reaction. This means that all the HNO\(_{3}\) will be consumed, and Mg(OH)\(_{2}\) will be in excess.

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uranium-238 ( ) decays to form thorium-234 ( ) with a half-life of 4.5 109 years. how many years will it take for a 325 mg sample of uranium-238 to lose 75% of its mass, and what is the particle it emits while it decays?

Answers

Time taken = 9 x 109 years will it take for a 325 mg sample of uranium-238 to lose 75% of its mass, and what is the particle it emits while it decays.

The time that is taken to reach 50% of the initial value + time taken to decay 50% after the first decay. (50% +25%)

=> Time taken = 4.5 x 109 + 4.5 x 109 years,

=> Time taken = 2 x 4.5 x 109 years,

=> Time taken = 9 x 109 years.

The amount of time it takes for a radioactive sample to lose half its original value is known as its half-life.First order reactions are what radioactive decays are always.

If a sample weighing x grams has a half-life of t years, it will take t years for it to lose 50% of its mass. There are now x/2 grams of the sample. Because the reaction is of order 1, it takes the sample t years to decay 50% of the current value (or 75% of the beginning value).

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In 1–2 sentences, explain what biome comprises most of Antarctica and why the continent is described as being part of this biome.
please answer in own words thank you
and i give brainlist

Answers

The biome which comprises most of Antarctica is the cold desert or polar desert.

What is a Biome?

This is defined as an area which is classified according to the species that live there.

The climate of Antarctica is very cold  with very little life forms which is why it is referred to as a cold desert or polar desert.

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according to the arrhenius concept, if naoh were dissolved in water, it would act as

Answers

Answer:

base

Explanation:

The substance NaOH will be disassociated in ions of Na and OH.

Ahrrenius concept of base it's anything that dissolved in water produces OH.

1.A particular ion has a positive two charge. What does this indicate about the particle and its electrons?
2.What type of elements (metals, nonmetals, or metalloids) are involved in ionic bonding? How does an ionic bond occur?
3.What kind of bond would form between iron and copper? How do you know?
4.How do you know if a covalent bond has formed?
5.A bond forms between hydrogen and bromine. Will it be ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent? How do you determine this?

Answers

1) The last orbital has 2 electrons.
2) Every element can do ionic bonding except for Noble gases because they are stable. This happens when an element needs an electron so it takes it from the element it’s mixing with to make it stable if an element needs 2 electrons it would take electrons from the element it’s mixing with if possible. If not you get explosives and it reacts when an element needs 3 electrons it has a negative 3 charge.

what is the mass of 0.004 moles of sodium hydrogensulfate nahso4

Answers

Answer: The mass of 0.004 moles of sodium hydrogensulfate is 0.568 g.

The mass of a substance can be calculated from the number of moles of the substance using the substance's molar mass. The molar mass of a substance is the mass of 1 mole of the substance, and it is typically measured in grams per mole (g/mol).

To find the mass of 0.004 moles of sodium hydrogensulfate (NaHSO4), we can use the substance's molar mass:

mass = (0.004 moles) x (142.08 g/mol)

mass = 0.568 g

So, the mass of 0.004 moles of sodium hydrogensulfate is 0.568 g. This is the mass of the substance when it is in the form of NaHSO4.

Determine the volume Of the sample of CO2 if the temperature and pressure are changed to 336K and 152.0 kPa

Answers

Answer:

Determine the volume of the sample of CO2(g) if the temperature and pressure are changed to 336K and 152.0 kPa. Answer-->151 mL (PV/T=PV/T ) 60.

The combined gas law gives the value of the volume. The final volume at 336 K is 151.3 mL.

What is combined gas law?

Charle's, Boyle's, and Gay-Lussac's laws together give the combined gas law. It is given as:

PV / T = k

Given,

Initial volume = 200 mL

Initial pressure = 101.3 kPa

Initial temperature = 296 K

Final pressure = 152 kPa

Final temperature = 336 K

The final volume is calculated as:

(P₁V₁) ÷ T₁ = (P₂V₂) ÷T₂

(101.3 × 200) ÷ 296 = (336 × V) ÷ 152

V = 151.3 mL

Therefore, 151.3 mL is the final volume at 300 K.

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What is the reason developed nations are more likely to consider solutions to environmental problems than less developed nations?

Answers

Answer:

most developed nations.....

Explanation:

have more people and more resources to fix problems

Will mark BRAINLIEST. Molarity
Please no Bs answers. Only going to be reported.

If water is added to 145 mL of a 0.55 M KOH solution until the volume is 250 mL, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?

What is the molarity of the solution that results from diluting 35.0 ml of a 9.02M solution to a new volume of 45.0 ml?​

Answers

We can use the equation for dilutions that relates concentration and volume:

\(M_1V_1=M_2V_2\)

where M is the molarity, V is the volume, and 1 and 2 refer to the initial and final states of the solution, respectively. Here, we are given the molarity of the initial solution and the volumes of the initial and final (diluted) solutions. To find the final concentration (i.e., the molarity of the diluted solution), we would be solving for M₂:

\(M_2=\frac{M_1V_1}{V_2} = \frac{(0.55 \text{ M})(145 \text{ mL})}{250 \text{ mL}} \\ M_2 = 0.319 \approx 0.32 \text{ M}.\)

The molarity is given to two significant figures as both our M₁ and V₂ are given to two significant figures.

Note: Although our volumes are in mL instead of L, we do not need to convert them to L for the purposes of our calculation since we would be multiplying our V₁ and V₂ by a common factor that would cancel out in division. All that matters is the ratio between the two volumes, which is the same whether the volumes are in mL or in L.

---

We follow the exact same procedure in the second question as we did in the first problem: solve for M₂ given M₁ = 9.02 M, V₁ = 35.0 mL, and V₂ = 45.0 mL:

\(M_2=\frac{M_1V_1}{V_2} = \frac{(9.02 \text{ M})(35.0 \text{ mL})}{45.0 \text{ mL}} \\ M_2 = 7.02 \text{ M}.\)

Order the following elements by increasing ionization energy

Si
Mg
Ci
Ar

Order the following elements by increasing ionization energySiMgCiAr

Answers

Answer: yes

Explanation: no

Wasim and his friends want to test if the solution of a substance is acidic or not. These are the tests that each of them performed. Wasim: Dipped the blue litmus in the solution Akram: Dipped the red litmus in the solution Neha: Dipped both the blue and the red litmus in the solution one after other. Who among them performed a proper test ?

Answers

Answer:

Wasim and Nehra did the Proper testing  

Explanation:

In acidic condition Blue litmus turns red

In basic condition Red litmus turns Blue

In order to test an Acidic solution we need Blue litmus.

Wasim Dipped the blue litmus in the solution : it will turn red and shows acid

Akram  Dipped the red litmus in the solution : No it will not show, it's a test for base

Neha: Dipped both the blue and the red litmus in the solution one after other.

          Blue litmus will turn red which will show Acidic nature, after that Adding Red litmus in it will not show any change as Red litmus only changes in Basic condition.

Therefore,  Wasim and Nehra did the Proper  testing  

Propane (c3h8) is a component of natural gas and is used in domestic cooking and heating. c3h8 5o2 --> 3co2 4h2o how many grams of carbon dioxide can be produced by burning 3.65 moles of propane? assume that oxygen is the excess reagent in this reaction.

Answers

Below is the balanced chemical equation. 1.07 103 kilograms of carbon dioxide will be created. Every balanced chemical equation adheres to the principle of mass conservation.

What does "balanced chemical equation" mean?

A chemical equation is said to be balanced if the quantity of each type of atom in the reaction is the same on both the reactant and product sides. In a balanced chemical equation, the mass and the change are both equal.

Every balanced chemical equation follows the law of conservation mass , according to the information provided.

The total number of individual atoms on the reactant side and the total number of individual atoms on the product side must match,

according to this law.

The balancing chemical for the indicated reaction equation follows:

C₃H₈+5O₂→3CO₂=4H₂O

All the substances are present in gaseous state.

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

1 mole of propane gas produces 3 moles of carbon dioxide gas.

So, 3.65 moles of propane gas will produce =  of carbon dioxide gas.

Now, calculating the mass of carbon dioxide using equation:

3/1×3.65

=10.95

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mol

Moles of carbon dioxide = 24.33 mol

Putting values in above equation, we get:

10.95=Mass of carbon dioxide÷44g/mol

         =4.50×10³g

Hence, the amount of  produced in the given reaction and expressed in scientific notation is 4.50×10³

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Which process is exothermic?
a) the vaporization of water b) the freezing of water c)the sublimation of dry ice d ) the boiling of liquid nitrogen

Answers

Answer:

Freezing of water

Explanation:

When water becomes a solid it releases heat into its surroundings (warming it up).

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