Polymer melting point transitions are broader than low molecular compounds primarily due to their molecular structure and size. Polymers consist of long, repeating chains of monomers, which creates a more complex and varied molecular arrangement.
This leads to a broader distribution of melting points because the polymer chains have varying degrees of entanglement and intermolecular forces. In contrast, low molecular compounds have smaller and simpler structures, which results in a more uniform distribution of melting points. This uniformity is due to the more consistent intermolecular forces and the absence of entanglements, allowing these compounds to have a sharper melting point transition. Furthermore, the presence of impurities or additives in polymers can also contribute to the broadening of the melting point transition. These impurities can disrupt the regularity of the polymer structure, resulting in a wider range of melting points.
In summary, the broader melting point transitions of polymers compared to low molecular compounds are a result of their complex molecular structure, varying degrees of entanglement, intermolecular forces, and the potential presence of impurities or additives.
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Plz help
What does the acid test tell you about a mineral?
A. Whether it is a carbonate
B. whether it is organic
C. Whether it is man-made or natural
D. Whether it is a silicate
Science A P E X
Which is heavier, calcium or selenium?
Answer:selenium
Explanation:
Answer: Nether
Explanation: Because if you have one pound of Calcium and one pound of selenium there both the same weight
A neutral atom of Cobalt (Co) has an atomic number of 27 and an atomic mass of 59. Therefore, Co has _________________________
Answer:
A neutral atom of Cobalt (Co) has an atomic number of 27 and an atomic mass of 59. Therefore, Co has 27 electrons, 27 protons and 32 neutrons.
Explanation:
An atom consist of electron, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are present with in nucleus while the electrons are present out side the nucleus.
All these three subatomic particles construct an atom. A neutral atom have equal number of proton and electron. In other words we can say that negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude and cancel the each other. For example if neutral atom has 6 protons than it must have 6 electrons. The sum of neutrons and protons is the mass number of an atom while the number of protons are number of electrons is the atomic number of an atom.
The atomic number Co is 27 it means it has 27 protons and 27 electrons.
The mass number is sum of protons and neutrons, thus number of neutrons are
59 - 27 = 32 neutrons
question. for the reaction below: a. estimate the gas phase enthalpy change using bond dissociation enthalpies from the owl table reference, not data from your text. click the references button and then click the tables link on the drop-down that appears. include algebraic sign and units. fill in the blank 1 b. is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? c. is the reaction likely to proceed spontaneously in the
a) Enthalpy change in specify chemical reaction is 126 kJ/mol.
b) The specify chemical reaction is endothermic reaction.
c) This is not a spontaneous reaction.
We have, a reaction as present below,
\( CH_3CH_3 + I^{.} -> CH_3CH_2^{.} + HI \\ \)
In this reaction, the reactant
\(CH_3CH_2-H\) bond is broken and H-I bond formed. So,
a) The standard enthalpy of reaction for a chemical reaction is defined as the difference between molar enthalpies of total reactant and total product and it is calculated for substances when they present in standard states.
Change in enthalpy = -297 + 423
= 126 kJ/mol.
b) It is endothermic reaction as change in en thakly is positive.
c) No,the reaction will not be spontaneous in the direction written.as, the enthalpy change is positive.
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• Describe how crystals of copper sulfate can be obtained from the salt solution.
Answer:
Crystals of copper sulfate can be obtained from the salt solution through a process called crystallization. The steps involved are:
Prepare a saturated solution of copper sulfate by dissolving the salt in water until no more can dissolve.
Heat the solution to evaporate some of the water, which will increase the concentration of the salt.
Allow the solution to cool slowly. As it cools, the solubility of the salt decreases and it will start to form crystals.
Use a filter or strainer to separate the crystals from the remaining liquid. This process is called filtration.
Wash the crystals with a small amount of cold water to remove any impurities that may be present.
Leave the crystals to dry on a filter paper or in a drying oven.
After following these steps, pure crystals of copper sulfate can be obtained from the salt solution.
Explanation:
why is an acetyl group added to aniline (making acetanilide) and then re- moved to regenerate the amine group in sulfanilamide?
An acetyl group is added to aniline to increase its solubility and stability, and then it is removed to restore the amine group in sulfanilamide.
In what ways does an acetyl group enhance stability?The acetyl group (CH3CO-) contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a methyl group (CH3). This arrangement allows for resonance stabilization, where the π-electrons of the carbonyl group can delocalize and spread out over the adjacent atoms. Resonance contributes to stability by distributing the electron density and reducing localized charge buildup.
Additionally, the carbonyl group has electron-withdrawing properties. The oxygen atom in the carbonyl group is more electronegative than carbon, creating a polar bond. This polarization withdraws electron density from the carbon atom, making it less susceptible to nucleophilic attacks and oxidation.
The combination of these both effects makes the acetyl group more stable compared to a simple alkyl group.
The subsequent removal of the acetyl group is achieved by a process called hydrolysis. By treating acetanilide with an appropriate reagent, such as an acid or a base, the acetyl group is cleaved, regenerating the original amine group in sulfanilamide. This conversion is important because the amine group is often the reactive site in various biological and chemical processes.
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Which of the following is a physical property of matter
Answer: Physical properties of matter include color, hardness, malleability, solubility, electrical conductivity, density, melting point, and boiling point. For the elements, color does not vary much from one element to the next
Answer:
Physical properties of matter include;
evaporationcondensationsublimationfreezingmelting…and so on\(.\)
Bohr – proposed that electrons in an atom are found in ___________ ____________.
Answer: Around the atomic center of an atom :)
Explanation:
hope this helps you lad
have a great day and stay safe :)
Answer:
atomic center
Explanation:
If 23.5 g of magnesium occupies 13.5 cm^3 what is the density of magnesium
The density of magnesium will be 1.74 g/cm³ if 23.5 g of magnesium occupies 13.5 cm³
What is Density ?Density is the measurement of how tightly a material is packed together.
It is defined as the mass per unit volume.
Given ;
Mass = 23.5 gVolume = 13.5 cm³Formula to calculate density ;
Density = mass / volume
=23.5 / 13.5 = 1.74 g/cm³
Hence, the density of magnesium will be 1.74 g/cm³ if 23.5 g of magnesium occupies 13.5 cm³.
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How would adding the catalyst nitrogen monoxide (NO) affect this reaction?
2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)
A) NO increases the rate at which SO3 molecules are formed.
B) NO reacts with SO3 to produce more SO2 molecules.
C) NO decreases collisions between the SO2 and O2 molecules.
D) NO increases the concentration of the SO2 and O2 molecules.
E) NO increases the activation energy of the SO2 and O2 molecules.
Answer: A) NO increases the rate at which \(SO_3\) molecules are formed.
Explanation:
A catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of a reaction by taking the reaction through a different path which involves lower activation energy and thus more reactant molecules can cross the energy barrier by undergoing collisions and convert to products.
\(2SO_2(g)+O_2(g)\rightarrow 2SO_3(g)\)
Thus NO will increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy and thus the colllisions among \(SO_2\) and \(O_2\) molecules will incraese which in turn will lead to formatioon of more \(SO_3\) molecules.
Answer:
A) NO increases the rate at which molecules are formed.
Explanation:
PLATO
The hominid fossil found in Thailand was tested with Carbon-14 which has a half-life of 5,000 years. The total mass of the fossil is 15,424 and contains 14,942 grams of Carbon-12. How old is the hominid fossil?
The hominid fossil is 200 years old.
Determination of the number of half-livesWe'll begin by calculating the number of half-lives that has elapsed.
Original amount (N₀) = 15424 gAmount remaining (N) = 14942 gNumber of half-lives (n) =?2ⁿ = N₀ / N
2ⁿ = 15424 / 14942
2ⁿ = 1.03
Take the log of both side
Log 2ⁿ = Log 1.03
nLog 2 = Log 1.03
Divide both side by Log 2
n = Log 1.03 / Log 2
n = 0.04
Determination of the ageFinally, we shall determine the age of the hominid fossil.
Half-life (t½) = 5000 yearsNumber of half-lives (n) = 0.04Time (t) =?t = n × t½
t = 0.04 × 5000
t = 200 years
Therefore, the hominid fossil is 200 years old.
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How much thermal energy is needed to change the temperature of kg of water from 25 degrees Celsius to boiling (Hint : boiling in Celsius = ??
∆H = mc∆T
c = specific heat capacity
c of water = 4200 J/kg °C
∆H = 1 * 4200 * (100°C - 25°C)
∆H = 315000J
∆H = 315 KJ
Situación 1: Cierto catión divalente posee 2 electrones en n=5. Además, su número de masa es igual a 118. Hallar lo siguiente:
1. Su distribución electrónica
2. Su número de neutrones
3. Protones más electrones
4. Sus posibles números cuánticos de su último electrón
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
El catión divalente descrito en la pregunta es \(Sn^{2+}\). Divalente significa que ha perdido dos electrones.
La distribución electrónica de \(Sn^{2+}\) es;
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10
El número másico de estaño es 118 y \(Sn^{2+}\) tiene 50 protones.
Por lo tanto, el número de masa de Sn =\(118 - 50 = 68 neutrones\)
El número de electrones es 49 y el número de protones es 50 en \(Sn^{2+}\)por tanto;
El número de electrones + protones = 99
El último electrón está en el orbital, 5s2, por lo que sus posibles números cuánticos son;
n = 5, l = 0, m = 0, s = ±1/2
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The speed (c) of a wave =
Answer:
the case of a wave, the speed is the distance traveled by a given point on the wave (such as a crest) in a given interval of time. In equation form, If the crest of an ocean wave moves a distance of 20 meters in 10 seconds, then the speed of the ocean wave is 2.0 m/s.
Explanation:
Predict whether a reaction will occur when HClO and Sr(OH)2 solutions are mixed, if yes determine spectator ions in the ionic equation.
Answer:
\(ClO^-\\\\Sr^{2+}\)
Explanation:
Hello there!
In this case, according to the reaction between hypochlorous acid and strontium hydroxide which yields stontium hypochlorite and water as a neutralization reaction:
\(2HClO(aq)+Sr(OH)_2(aq)\rightarrow Sr(ClO)_2(aq)+2H_2O(l)\)
Thus, since HClO is a weak acid, it is not fully ionized so the complete ionic equation turns out to be:
\(2H^++2ClO^-+Sr^{2+}+2(OH)^-\rightarrow Sr^{2+}+2(ClO)^-+2H_2O(l)\)
Whereas the spectator ions, which remain the same at both sides of the equation, are:
\(ClO^-\\\\Sr^{2+}\)
Best regards!
2. The approximate concentration of hydrochloric acid, HCl, in the stomach (stomach acid) is 0.17M. Calculate the mass of the following antacids required to neutralize 50cm of stomach acid. (a) Bicarbonate of soda NaHCO3 (b) Aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3 Please .
A- approximately 0.714 g of NaHCO3 is required to neutralize 50 mL of 0.17 M HCl. b- approximately 0.221 g of Al(OH)3 is required to neutralize 50 mL of 0.17 M HCl.
(a) Bicarbonate of soda, NaHCO₃, reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCl, to produce sodium chloride, NaCl, water, and carbon dioxide gas, CO₂, according to the balanced chemical equation:
NaHCO₃(s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H₂O (l) + CO₂ (g)
From the balanced equation, the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1 mole of NaHCO₃ reacts with 1 mole of HCl. The molar mass of NaHCO₃ is 84.01 g/mol.
To calculate the mass of NaHCO₃ required to neutralize 50 mL of 0.17 M HCl, we need to first calculate the number of moles of HCl in 50 mL of the solution:
0.17 M = 0.17 mol/L
Number of moles of HCl in 50 mL = (0.17 mol/L) x (0.050 L) = 0.0085 mol
Since 1 mole of NaHCO₃ reacts with 1 mole of HCl, we need 0.0085 moles of NaHCO₃ to neutralize the acid. Therefore, the mass of NaHCO₃ required is:
Mass of NaHCO₃ = 0.0085 mol x 84.01 g/mol = 0.714 g
(b) Aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)₃, reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCl, to produce aluminum chloride, AlCl₃, water, and heat, according to the balanced chemical equation:
Al(OH)₃ (s) + 3 HCl (aq) → AlCl₃ (aq)
From the balanced equation, the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1 mole of Al(OH)₃ reacts with 3 moles of HCl. The molar mass of Al(OH)₃ is 78.00 g/mol.
To calculate the mass of Al(OH)₃ required to neutralize 50 mL of 0.17 M HCl, we need to first calculate the number of moles of HCl in 50 mL of the solution, as we did in part (a):
Number of moles of HCl in 50 mL = 0.0085 mol
Since 1 mole of Al(OH)₃ reacts with 3 moles of HCl, we need 0.0085/3 = 0.00283 moles of Al(OH)₃ to neutralize the acid. Therefore, the mass of Al(OH)₃ required is:
Mass of Al(OH)3 = 0.00283 mol x 78.00 g/mol = 0.221 g
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Which choices are layers of the atmosphere? Select the five correct answers. Mesosphere Danosphere Croposphere Stratosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Meteorosphere Troposphere
Answer:
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Troposphere
Exosphere
Explanation:
The exosphere refers to the farthest region of the atmosphere that gradually fades into space.
The troposphere is the lowest layer of atmosphere. It is the layer where weather changes occur.
The thermosphere is right above the mesosphere but just below the exosphere. It is the layer where photoionization/photodissociation of molecules occurs thereby creating ions. This largely owes to interaction of molecules in this layer with ultraviolet radiation.
The stratosphere is composed of gases. Prominent among them is ozone which serves as a blanket against the sun's ionizing radiation.
The mesosphere lies above the stratosphere but just below the thermosphere. Temperature decreases steadily with height in the mesosphere.
The 5 layers of the atmosphere are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
The atmosphere has been consisted of the 5 layers that protect the earth. The layers have been present at the height that and each layer has consisted of different constituents.
The layers of the atmosphere can be described as:
Exosphere: It has been the layer farthest to the earth and has been consisted of space.Thermosphere: It has been layer followed by the exosphere. The layer has been consisted of satellites and rockets.Mesosphere: The layer has been at the height of 50-90 km and has been consisted of meteors, stars, and meteorically rockets.Stratosphere: The layer has been at the 12-50 km height and has been consisted of radio-sounds and waves.Troposphere: The innermost layer of the atmosphere. It has consisted of clouds, planes, and balloons.The 5 layers of the atmosphere are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
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Which of the following is an example of climate?
The polar regions have long winters and short, cool summers.
Humidity levels are high today.
Canada experienced an unusually warm summer this year.
Tornados formed across Oklahoma yesterday.
Answer:
"The polar regions have long winters and short, cool summers."
Explanation:
Climate is the average of that weather. The climate record also includes extreme values such as record high temperatures or record amounts of rainfall.
For Climate example:
You can expect snow in the Northeast in January or for it to be hot and humid in the Southeast in July.
What would you expect to happen if the cup of olive oil in question 4a is poured into a container of ethanol from question 3? Why?
I would expect to happen if the cup of olive oil in question 4a is poured into a container of ethanol from question 3 it will settle to the bottom of the container because olive oil has a higher density than ethanol,
Like a solid, a liquid has a unique characteristic density. A liquid's density serves as a gauge for its weight relative to the volume being evaluated. The liquid that weighs more is denser if two distinct liquids are weighed in quantities that are equivalent.
It will float on the water if a liquid that is less thick than water is carefully added to the surface of the water. If you add something to the water's surface that is denser than water, it will sink.
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Which kind of sampling system uses a pump to draw air over a sorbent material?
Active
Passive
Dynamic
Constant-pressure
The type of sampling system that uses a pump to draw air over a sorbent material is an active sampling system.
Active sampling systems use a pump to draw air over a sorbent material in order to collect a sample. The pump creates a vacuum to draw air from the environment and then passes it over a sorbent material such as activated charcoal or silica gel. The sorbent material collects particles, gases and vapors from the air, which can then be analyzed. This type of system is ideal for measuring short-term, intermittent exposure to pollutants and is often used to monitor workplace air quality.
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How does static electricity impact the world we live in
Answer:
According to the current knowledge, static EF can cause effects on the body via changes in the distribution of electric charges on the surface of the body. A sufficiently large surface charge density may be perceived through its interaction with body hair and by other effects such as spark discharges (micro-shocks).
Explanation:
Which equation represents a combustion reaction?
1) 4fe + 3o2 = 2fe2o3
2) 2h2o = 2h2+o2
3) 2agno3 + h2s = ag2s + 2nho3
4) 2al + n2= 2aln
Answer:
2
Explanation:
do take note that combustion reactions releases oxygen.
PV=nRT is an example that deacribes the relationship between pressuee, volume,moles and temperature of a gas. This is an example of a
Answer:
This is an example of Avogadro equation
A compound "P"is formed by the combination of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. a) Identify the compound P and write its chemical formula. (1) b) Write any one important use of the compound P. (1) c) Write any two properties of compounds. (1)Immersive Reader
Answer:
a)Carbon (iv) oxide; CO₂
b)It is used in fire extinguishers
c) i. It is denser than air
ii. It dissolves in water to form an acidic solution
Explanation:
a) Since the compound P is composed of one atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen, the formula of the compound is CO₂. The name of the compound is carbon(iv) oxide.
b) Carbon (iv) oxide is a gas that is of great importance to living organisms. Plants require it for photosynthesis while human produce it during the process of respiration.
Industrially, it is used in carbonated drinks. It is also used in fire extinguishers
c) The properties of Carbon (iv) oxide include the following:
i) it is an odourless colorless gas
ii) it is denser than air
iii) it dissolves in water to form a weak acidic solution, etc.
The activation energy Ea of a reaction is Ea = 43.5Kj.mol. Estimate the variation in the rate k of the reaction when the temperature is raised from 300K to 310K.(R = 8.314 J.K.mol)
Answer
The variation in the rate k (k1/k2) is 0.5707 s^-1
Step-by-step explanation:
Given the following parameters
Activation energy = 43.5Kj.mol
T1 = 300K
T2 = 310K
R = 8.314 J.Kmol
\(K\text{ =A}e^{-\frac{Ea}{RT}}^{}^{}\)\(\begin{gathered} \text{where K = rate constant},\text{ Ea = Activation energy, R= gas constant and T = temperature} \\ \ln (k)\text{ = }\ln A\text{ - }\frac{Ea}{RT} \\ \text{ A is a constant} \\ \text{ if the reaction occurs at two temperature T1 and T2} \\ \ln k1\text{ = }\ln A\text{ - }\frac{Ea}{RT1}--------\text{ equation 1} \\ \ln k2\text{ = }\ln A\text{ - }\frac{Ea}{RT2}\text{ --------- EQUATION 2} \\ \text{ substracting equation 1 from 2},\text{ we have} \\ \ln (\frac{k1}{k2})\text{ = }-\frac{Ea}{RT1}\text{ + }\frac{Ea}{RT2} \\ \ln (\frac{k1}{k2})\text{ = }\frac{Ea}{R}(\frac{1}{T2}\text{ - }\frac{1}{T1}) \\ \\ \ln (\frac{k1}{k2})\text{ = }\frac{43500}{8.314}(\frac{1}{310}\text{ - }\frac{1}{300}) \\ \ln (\frac{k1}{k2})\text{ = 5232.139 }(0.00322\text{ - 0.003333)} \\ \ln (\frac{k1}{k2})\text{ = 5232.139 (}-\text{ 0.0001071)} \\ \ln (\frac{k1}{k2})\text{ = -0.560851} \\ \text{Take the exponential of both sides} \\ \frac{k1}{k2}\text{ = }e^{-0.560851} \\ \frac{k1}{k2\text{ }}=0.5707s^{-1} \end{gathered}\)Crystal shield (CuSO4 . 5H2O) dissolves in water in the large tank.
CuSO4′5H2O(s) → CuSO4 (aq) + 5H2O(l)
Calculate the flux of CuSO4 and the transfer rate per unit area from the crystal surface to the bulk solution.
Data:
- There is a film layer around the crystal with a thickness of 0.01 mm and diffusion occurs in molecular form.
- The inner surface of the film layer is saturated with CuSO4 and the outer film layer is saturated with water vapor.
- 24.3 g crystal/100 g water at 275 K, density 1140 kg/m3
- Diffusion of CuSO4 in dilute aqueous solution 3.6x10-10 m2/s at 275 K
- Concentration can be taken at an average of 55.93 kmol/m3, water density 1000 kg/m3
Given:
Crystal shield (CuSO4 . 5H2O) dissolves in water in the large tank.CuSO4′5H2O(s) → CuSO4 (aq) + 5H2O(l)0.01 mm = thickness of film layer24.3 g crystal/100 g water at 275 K, density 1140 kg/m3Diffusion of CuSO4 in dilute aqueous solution 3.6x10-10 m2/s at 275 K
Concentration can be taken at an average of 55.93 kmol/m3, water density 1000 kg/m3The mass of CuSO4 that dissolves per unit area per unit time is called flux.The transfer rate per unit area from the crystal surface to the bulk solution is given by;\(\frac{dn}{dt} = D.
A\frac{dc}{dx}\)Where, D is diffusion coefficient A is the area of the interfacec is the concentration of the diffusing species in the filmx is the direction of diffusion
From the given data, crystal density can be calculated as;\(\frac{24.3}{100+24.3}=0.1955\)
Now, we can calculate the mass transfer flux from the given data;\(\frac{55.93}{159.61}=\frac{C_{CuSO_4}}{1140}\)\(C_{CuSO_4}=39.76 kmol/m^3\)\(J = -D\frac{dc}{dx}\)
Since the inner film is saturated, \(c_0 = 39.76 kmol/m^3\)
At the outer surface, there is no CuSO4 present and the concentration gradient is;\(\frac{39.76-0}{0.01*10^{-3}}= 3.976*10^6 kmol/m^4\)\(J = -3.6*10^{-10}*3.976*10^6\)\(= -1.43456*10^{-3} kmol/m^2s\)
Thus, the mass transfer flux is -1.43456 * 10^-3 kmol/m^2s.
The transfer rate per unit area from the crystal surface to the bulk solution is -1.43456 * 10^-3 kmol/m^2s.
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6.(a) State any two ways by which water gets polluted.
(b) Name the components present in water gas.
Pleaseee huge help needed
Does a reaction happen? Use the solubility chart to determine whether a reaction occurs.
CaBr, (aq) + FeCl₂ (aq) →
Yes
No
Maybe
No, (option b) the reaction does not take place.
To determine whether a reaction occurs between \(CaBr_2\) (aq) and \(FeCl_2\) (aq), we need to refer to a solubility chart. The solubility chart provides information on the solubility of different compounds in water.
According to the chart, \(CaBr_2\) is soluble in water, while \(FeCl_2\) is also soluble in water. Therefore, when we mix these two compounds, they will remain in solution as ions, and no reaction will occur.
So the answer is "No," a reaction does not happen between \(CaBr_2\) (aq) and \(FeCl_2\) (aq) because both compounds are soluble in water and will not undergo a chemical reaction when they are mixed.
It's important to note that solubility is not the only factor that determines whether a chemical reaction will occur, but in this case, it is the determining factor.
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what is label of periodic table?
The label of the periodic table is that the Groups are labeled at the top of the each column and the horizontal rows are called as the periods.
The elements are arranged in the seven horizontal rows, that are called as the periods or the series, and there are the 18 vertical columns that are called as the groups. The Groups are labeled at the top of the each column. The labelled parts of the element in the periodic table will tells the atomic number and the atomic mass of the element.
The upper labelled part is the atomic number of the element and The lower part is the atomic mass of the element in the periodic table.
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Why is Chemistry so hard? And why is it required when most of us aren't going to use it after high school?