Why must an electron absorb a quantum of energy to move to a higher energy level?

Color is an unreliable way to identify a mineral because many minerals have the same color,

so it is not specific enough to identify a mineral.

Finally, the two chemical elements that make up 70 percent of Earth's crust by weight are oxygen and silicon.

The bond that creates minerals that are hard is called covalent bonding. Covalent bonding involves the "sharing" of electrons between two or more non-metal atoms. This bond creates minerals that are hard. The four requirements necessary to classify a solid material as a mineral are: inorganic, solid, crystalline, naturally occurring.

Inorganic means that it is not made up of living or once-living things, solid means that it is not a liquid or gas, crystalline means that it has an ordered atomic arrangement, and naturally occurring means that it occurs naturally, not artificially. Color is an unreliable way to identify a mineral because many minerals have the same color, so it is not specific enough to identify a mineral.

Finally, the two chemical elements that make up 70 percent of Earth's crust by weight are oxygen and silicon.

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Part A:

To find the pH of a 0.130 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid with Ka = 1.0×10-5, we can use the following equation:

Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA]

Where [H+] is the concentration of hydrogen ions, [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base, and [HA] is the concentration of the weak acid. Since the acid is monoprotic, the concentration of the acid is the same as the concentration of the initial solution.

We can set up an ICE table to find the concentration of each species:

HA + H20 ↔ H3O+ + A-

↔ H3O+ + A-I 0.130 M 0 M 0 M

↔ H3O+ + A-I 0.130 M 0 M 0 MC -x +x +x

↔ H3O+ + A-I 0.130 M 0 M 0 MC -x +x +xE 0.130-x x x

Substituting these values into the Ka expression, we get:

1.0×10^-5 = (x^2)/(0.130-x)

Solving for x using the quadratic formula, we get x = 3.162×10^-3 M. This is the concentration of [H+].

Taking the negative log of [H+], we get the pH:

pH = -log[H+] = -log(3.162×10^-3) = 2.50

Therefore, the pH of a 0.130 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid with Ka = 1.0×10-5 is 2.50

Part B:

To find the percent ionization of the weak acid, we can use the equation:

% Ionization = ([H+]/[HA]) × 100

% Ionization = ([H+]/[HA]) × 100From Part A, we found that [H+] = 3.162×10^-3 M and [HA] = 0.130 M, so:

% Ionization = ([H+]/[HA]) × 100From Part A, we found that [H+] = 3.162×10^-3 M and [HA] = 0.130 M, so:% Ionization = (3.162×10^-3/0.130) × 100 = 2.43%

Therefore, the percent ionization of a 0.130 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid with Ka = 1.0×10−5 is 2.43%.

Part C:

To find the pH of a 0.130 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid with Ka = 1.3×10^-, we can use the same method as in Part A.

Setting up an ICE table:

HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-

HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-I 0.130 M 0 M 0 M

HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-I 0.130 M 0 M 0 MC -x +x +x

HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-I 0.130 M 0 M 0 MC -x +x +xE 0.130-x x x

Substituting these values into the Ka expression, we get:

1.3×10^-3 = (x^2)/(0.130-x)

Solving for x, we get x = 0.0361 M. This is the concentration of [H+].

Taking the negative log o [H+], we get the pH:

pH:pH = -log[H+] = -log(0.0361) = 1.44

Therefore, the pH of a 0.130 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid with Ka = 1.3×10^-3 is 1.44.

Ka = 1.3×10^-3 is 1.44.Part D:

To find the percent ionization of the weak acid, we can use the same equation as in Part B:

% Ionization = ([H+]/[HA]) × 100

% Ionization = ([H+]/[HA]) × 100From Part C, we found that [H+] = 0.0361 M and [HA] = 0.130 M, so:

% Ionization = ([H+]/[HA]) × 100From Part C, we found that [H+] = 0.0361 M and [HA] = 0.130 M, so:% Ionization = (0.0361/0.130) × 100 = 27.8%

Therefore, the percent ionization of a 0.130 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid with Ka = 1.3×10^-3 is 27.8%.

Part E:

To find the pH of a 0.130 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid with Ka = 0.13, we can use the same method as in Part A

Setting up an ICE table:

HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-

HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-I 0.130 M 0 M 0 M

HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-I 0.130 M 0 M 0 MC -x +x +x

HA + H2O ↔ H3O+ + A-I 0.130 M 0 M 0 MC -x +x +xE 0.130-x x x

Substituting these values into the Ka expression, we get:

0.13 = (x^2)/(0.130-x)

Solving for x, we get x = 0.191 M. This is the concentration of [H+].

Taking the negative log of [H+] we get the pH:

Therefore, the pH of a 0.130 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid with Ka = 0.13 is 0.72.

Part F:

To find the percent ionization of the weak acid, we can use the same equation as in Part B:

% Ionization = ([H+]/[HA]) × 100

% Ionization = ([H+]/[HA]) × 100From Part E, we found that [H+] = 0.191 M and [HA] = 0.130 M, so:

% Ionization = ([H+]/[HA]) × 100From Part E, we found that [H+] = 0.191 M and [HA] = 0.130 M, so:% Ionization = (0.191/0.130) × 100 = 147%

Note that the percent ionization is greater than 100%. This is because the acid is relatively strong (compared to the previous examples) and ionizes to a greater extent.

Note that the percent ionization is greater than 100%. This is because the acid is relatively strong (compared to the previous examples) and ionizes to a greater extent.Therefore, the percent ionization of a 0.130 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid with Ka = 0.13 is 147%.

The fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

Fugacity is a measure of the escaping tendency of a component in a mixture, which is defined as the pressure that the component would have if it obeyed ideal gas laws. It is used as a correction factor in the calculation of equilibrium constants and thermodynamic properties such as chemical potential. Here we need to determine the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm and the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm. So, using the formula of fugacity: f = P.exp(Δu/RT) Where P is the pressure of the system, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature of the system, Δu is the change in chemical potential of the system.  Δu = RT ln (f / P)The chemical potential at the initial state can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as: PV = nRT    

=>  P

= nRT/V

=> 20.4 atm

= nRT/V

=> n/V

= 20.4/RT The chemical potential of the system at the initial state is:

Δu1 = RT ln (f/P)

= RT ln (f/20.4) Also, we know that for a pure substance,

Δu = Δg. So,

Δg1 = Δu1 The change in pressure is 24 atm – 20.4 atm

= 3.6 atm At the second state, the pressure is 24 atm.

Using the ideal gas equation, n/V = 24/RT The chemical potential of the system at the second state is: Δu2 = RT ln (f/24) = RT ln (f/24) The change in chemical potential is Δu2 – Δu1 The change in chemical potential is

Δu2 – Δu1 = RT ln (f/24) – RT ln (f/20.4)

= RT ln [(f/24)/(f/20.4)]

= RT ln (20.4/24)

= - 0.0911 RT Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is:

f = P.exp(Δu/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δu1/RT)

=> f

= 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT) And, the change in the chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT. Therefore, the fugacity in atm for pure ethane at 310 K and 20.4 atm is given by the equation: f = 20.4 exp (-Δg1/RT). The change in chemical potential between this state and a second state of ethane where the temperature is constant but the pressure is 24 atm is -0.0911RT.

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A double displacement reaction is a precipitation reaction. In an aqueous solution, a double-displacement reaction takes place when the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds exchange positions to create two completely different compounds. These substances may manifest as precipitates, gases, or molecular substances.

When dissolved substances react, one (or more) solid products are produced, which is known as a precipitation reaction. These kinds of reactions, which are also occasionally known as double displacement, double replacement, or metathesis reactions, frequently involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solutions.

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A female one. That's all.

Thermal energy is the average kinetic of the particles in an object, and internal energy is the total translational kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

[Kr]5s²4d10⁵p² represents iodine element. The fundamental components of matter are thought to be the elements.

A material is considered an element if it cannot be divided into two or even more simpler compounds by any kind of chemical process, including the use of light or warmth. For instance, when melting the chunk of gold, it nevertheless melts but remains as the precious metal element. 

The fundamental components of matter are thought to be the elements. There are currently 118 known elements, 94 of which are found in nature while the remaining 24 are created artificially. [Kr]5s²4d10⁵p² represents iodine element.

Therefore,  [Kr]5s²4d10⁵p² represents iodine element.

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Answer:

Bohr thought that electrons orbited the nucleus in circular paths; whereas in the modern view atomic electron structure is more like 3D standing waves. ... He believed that electrons moved around the nucleus in circular orbits with quantised potential and kinetic energies.

Answer:

The answer is A electrons exist in specified energy levels surrounding the nucleus. for people in edguinity

Explanation:

Answer: 243K

Explanation:

Using the periodic table, The Bohr - Rutherford diagram of each of the elements is before bonding and after bonding is attached below.NH\(_{3}\) ( ammonia ) is a covalent  bond.

Ammonia is a covalent compound because in the formation of ammonia the bond between nitrogen and three hydrogen is formed by the sharing of electron.

Covalent bond is formed by sharing of electron between atoms. Ionic bond is formed when one atom loses electron and other atom gain the electron or by the transfer of electron from one atom to another.

Hence,In the case of ammonia a covalent bond is formed and the electronegativity difference between nitrogen and hydrogen is not big enough to make a covalent bond.

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Answer:

hope you like

Explanation:

the solubility rate of a solid is directly proportional to the temperature. if the temperature is high the solubility will also increase

Answer:

35degrees celsius

308-273=35

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Answer:where are the statements

Explanation:

Since Mg(OH)2 is a base, the molar solubility of Mg(OH)2 in water is less than in a solution buffered at a pH of 4.5

The molar solubility of a solute is the amount in moles if a solute that dissolves in a given volume of solvent.

Mg(OH)2 is a base which is partially soluble in water.

Molar mass of Mg(OH)2 is 58 g/mol

Moles of Mg(OH)2 can be calculated using the formula: moles = mass/molar mass

The pH of a solution of Mg(OH)2 will be greater than 7.

In a solution buffered at a pH of 4.5, the molar solubility of Mg(OH)2 will be greater than in water since more of the base can dissolve in acidic buffer solution.

Therefore, the molar solubility of Mg(OH)2 in water is less than in a solution buffered at a pH of 4.5

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In order to obtain more accurate results as well as to improve the efficiency of the laboratory procedure, the following recommendations are given:

Improving laboratory results can be achieved through several strategies aimed at enhancing experimental conditions, equipment, procedures, and data analysis.

Some possible methods for improving laboratory performance:

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Answer:

5.72 g ( 1 mol / 180.16 g ) (  6.022 x 10^23 molecules / mole ) = 1.90x10^23 molecules

         Certain metal-based nanoparticles have the potential to interact with the hydrogen peroxide found in every cell and change it into a hydroxyl radical that can enter the nucleus and cause DNA damage.

     Scratch-resistant eyewear, crack-resistant paint, anti-graffiti coatings for walls, transparent sunscreen, stain-repellent fabrics, self-cleaning windows, and ceramic coatings for solar cells are all products made with nanoparticles today.

    In addition to living matter, naturally produced nanoparticles can also be found in volcanic ash, ocean spray, fine sand, and dust (e.g. viruses). The diversity of synthetic nanoparticles is on par with that of its counterparts in nature, if not greater.

    The usage of nanoscale materials in medications, medical devices, biologics, cosmetics, and food is anticipated to rise significantly in the coming years, according to the FDA, which has already assessed and authorized a few nanotechnology-based items.

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The final molarity of the acetate anion in the solution is 0.04 mM.

To calculate the final molarity of acetate anion in the solution, we need to know the mass of barium acetate that was dissolved and the number of moles of acetate anion that it contains.

Barium acetate has the formula Ba(C2H3O2)2, which means that it contains 1 mole of Ba, 2 moles of C2H3O2, and a total of 3 moles of ions. Since we are interested in the molarity of acetate anion, we need to calculate the number of moles of C2H3O2 that are present in 0.270 g of barium acetate.

The molecular weight of barium acetate is 244.26 g/mol, which means that 0.270 g of barium acetate contains 0.270 g / 244.26 g/mol = 0.0011 moles of barium acetate. Since each mole of barium acetate contains 2 moles of C2H3O2, this means that 0.0011 moles of barium acetate contain 0.0011 moles × 2 moles/mole = 0.0022 moles of C2H3O2.

The initial molarity of the solution is 37.0 mM, which means that it contains 37.0 moles/L of sodium chromate. The volume of the solution is 50.0 mL, which means that it contains 50.0 mL × 37.0 moles/L = 1.85 moles of sodium chromate.

When 0.270 g of barium acetate is dissolved in the solution, the total number of moles of ions increases by 0.0022 moles. This means that the final molarity of the acetate anion in the solution is:

Molarity = (total number of moles of ions) / (volume of solution)

= (1.85 moles + 0.0022 moles) / (50.0 mL)

= 0.037 mM

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Answer:

Gain energy as a liquid changes to a gas

Explanation:

get further apart= more kinetic energy

liquid at beginning as not uniform but quite close together and takes shape of container

The answer is...Liquid into gas.

My Explanation:

Stated in the model, The atoms aren't that active but can still slider past each other; meaning, this is a liquid. As it shifts into a gas, which is when atoms pick up energy and move around more freely/actively, the definition of the following is "Vaporization".

So the answer is: B, or in other words, "Atoms gain energy as a liquid turns into a gas.

According to molar concentration, four liters of solvent would be needed to create a 5.5 M solution from 22 moles of sodium chloride.

Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.

The molar concentration depends on change in volume of the solution which is mainly due to thermal expansion. Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.

In terms of moles, it's formula is given as molar concentration= number of moles /volume of solution in liters. Substitution of values in formula gives, volume= 22/5.5=4 liters.

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Companies become carbon neutral when when they calculate their carbon emission and compensate for what they have produced through carbon offsetting projects.

The term Carbon neutrality means having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks. Removing carbon oxide from the atmosphere and then storing it is known as carbon sequestration. Companies use their carbon footprint as a basis for setting long-term reduction targets and deciding what action to take. for example, the switch to green electricity. In many cases, the potential for reductions in carbon emissions is restricted. It is not possible for a haulage company. Official proof of credible carbon neutrality is important to consumers. Carbon neutrality must be verified by means of a recognized label.

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The equation relating the final volume of the gas (Vf) to its initial temperature (Ti) is Vf = 1050/Ti.

According to the given information, the volume of the gas (V) varies inversely with the pressure (P) and directly with the temperature (T). Mathematically, this relationship can be represented as V ∝ 1/P and V ∝ T.

We can combine these two relationships to obtain V ∝ T/P. Introducing a constant of proportionality, we can write V = k * T/P, where k is the constant.

To solve for k, we can use the initial conditions. When the initial volume is 15 liters and the initial pressure is 4 atmospheres, we have 15 = k * Ti/4.

Now, when the temperature of the gas rises to 350 Kelvin and the pressure changes to 2 atmospheres, we can write the equation as Vf = k * 350/2.

From these two equations, we can solve for k. Rearranging the first equation, we have k = (15 * 4)/Ti. Substituting this value of k into the second equation, we get Vf = ((15 * 4)/Ti) * (350/2).

Simplifying the expression, we find Vf = 1050/Ti. Therefore, the equation relating the final volume of the gas (Vf) to its initial temperature (Ti) is Vf = 1050/Ti.

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Answer:

Water is a remarkable substance, and its unique properties are largely due to the presence of polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in its structure. These characteristics play a crucial role in the physical and chemical properties of water, making it essential for life as we know it.

Explanation:

The polar covalent bonds in water arise from the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. This results in the oxygen atom having a partial negative charge (δ-) and the hydrogen atoms having partial positive charges (δ+). These charges create polarity within the water molecule, leading to the formation of hydrogen bonds.

Hydrogen bonds occur when the partially positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negative oxygen atom of another water molecule. These hydrogen bonds are relatively weak individually, but when present in large numbers, they contribute to the cohesion, surface tension, and high boiling point of water.

The importance of these bonds is manifold. The cohesion between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding enables water to form droplets, have a high surface tension, and flow freely, facilitating transport within organisms and in the environment. Additionally, hydrogen bonding leads to the high specific heat capacity and heat of vaporization of water, making it an effective regulator of temperature in living organisms and ensuring stable environmental conditions.

Furthermore, hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the unique properties of water as a solvent. The polar nature of water allows it to dissolve a wide range of substances, including ionic compounds and polar molecules, facilitating various biological processes such as nutrient transport and chemical reactions in cells.

None of the given options represents the equation for a zero-order half-life.The equation for zero-order half-life is:t1/2 = [A]0/2k  the correct answer to the question is none of the given options.

The zero-order half-life is the time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease by half in a zero-order reaction. In a zero-order reaction, the rate of the reaction is constant and independent of the concentration of the reactant.This equation shows that the half-life of a zero-order reaction is directly proportional to the initial concentration of the reactant and inversely proportional to the rate constant. This means that a higher initial concentration of the reactant or a lower rate constant will result in a longer half-life. In contrast, a lower initial concentration of the reactant or a higher rate constant will result in a shorter half-life.

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To find the number of calcium atoms in 10 grams of a compound that contains 40% calcium, It is required to calculate the moles of calcium in the compound and then convert it to the number of atoms.

The moles of calcium:

The compound contains 40% calcium, so 10 grams of the compound will have:

Moles of calcium = 40% of 10g / molar mass of calcium

Moles of calcium = 0.40 × 10g / 40.08 g/mol

Avogadro's number states that there are approximately 6.022 x 10²³ atoms in one mole of a substance.

Number of calcium atoms = Moles of calcium  x Avogadro's number

Number of calcium atoms = (0.40  x 10g / 40.08 g/mol)  x (6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol)

The number of calcium atoms = 10g.

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