Why do Gram-negative bacteria tend to be less susceptible to antibiotics than Gram-positive?
Answers
Gram-negative bacteria tend to be less susceptible to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria due to their unique outer membrane and efflux pumps.
The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria acts as a barrier, limiting the entry of antibiotics. Additionally, efflux pumps help these bacteria remove antibiotics from their cells, increasing their resistance. Gram-negative bacteria often possess efflux pumps, which actively pump antibiotics out of the cell. These pumps can be specific to certain classes of antibiotics, such as tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones, and can reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics by removing them from the bacterial cell.
The unique outer membrane and efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria provide additional mechanisms for resistance to antibiotics, making them less susceptible to treatment compared to Gram-positive bacteria. This highlights the importance of developing new antibiotics and alternative treatments to combat Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Related Questions
What determines the order of an mRNA sequence?
Answers
Answer:
The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) along the mRNA, that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis. The DNA sequence of a gene can be used to predict the mRNA sequence, and the genetic code can in turn be used to predict the amino acid sequence.
Explanation:
What is the major difference between positive and negative feedback A positive feedback causes to continue of negative feedback cause it to stop or start B positive feedback results in temperature increases while negative feedback results in temperature decreases C positive feedback stimulates body system so while negative feedback shuts down body systems D positive feedback is controlled by external factors while negative feedback is controlled by internal factors
Answers
Answer:
A positive feedback causes to continue of negative feedback cause it to stop or start
Explanation:
A positive feedback occurs to help increase the output or increase the changes. While a negative feedback occurs to decrease or reduce the output or decrease the change. A positive feedback amplifies the results of any reaction to make the reaction more quickly and the negative feedback results in a reaction to reduce the system to its original state or stable state. Thus a positive feedback occurs to continue while negative feedback causes it to stop or to start.
Describe what would happen to zoarcid fish population after an earthquake closes the opening in the sea floor
Answers
The zoarcid fish population would probably stand the chances of going into extinction as they would be negatively affected.
What is the effects of an earthquake?An earthquake is a natural disasters that can occur under the sea waters leading to the closure of opening on the sea floor called vents.
These vents are important openings that help the seafloor aquatic organisms to reproduce through circulation of the chemistry of the water.
Therefore, the zoarcid fish population would probably stand the chances of going into extinction as they would be negatively affected.
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A population of 13 birds exhibits linear growth, with an average growth rate of 2.4 individuals per year. If environmental conditions and growth rate remain the same, how long would it take the population to increase to 156 birds
Answers
It would take approximately 58 years for the population of 13 birds to increase to 156 birds, given that conditions and growth rate remain the same.
This can be determined by finding the rate of change of the population, which is 2.4 individuals per year. To find the time it would take for the population to reach 156 birds, we divide the total change in population (156-13) by the rate of change of population (2.4).
This would yield 65 years. However, since the population began at 13 individuals, we subtract the initial number of individuals from the total amount of time, leaving us with 58 years. Thus, under these conditions, it would take approximately 58 years for the population of 13 birds to increase to 156 birds.
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Which determines the reactivity of an alkali metal?
Answers
Answer:
The most reactive alkali metal is Cesium and it reacts when the oxygen is really moist.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
A brown-eyed man whose mother was blue-eyed married a brown-eyed woman whose
father had blue eyes. Assume brown to be dominant over blue. What is the probability
that the couple will have a blue-eyed child?
Answers
A farmer’s profit is determined by the amount by which the sale value of the ___ ___ exceeds the cost of production and distribution.
Answers
Answer:
profits farmer
Answer:
Crop yield
Explanation:
Describe the flow of energy to the lion using a food chain from the food web that includes a rabbit.
Answers
Answer:
10%
Explanation:
the sun gives energy to the grass (to make it easier to understand, say the sun gives 100un of energy to the plants)
from there, the rabbit eats the grass( 10% of 100 is 10, so the rabbit gets 10un of energy)
and the, a lion eats the rabbit (10% of 10 is 1, so the lion gets 1 un of energy)
every single time a predator consumes prey, it only gets 10% of what the prey gets from its prey.
Hope this helps :)
when mrna leaves a eukaryotic cell's nucleus, it next becomes associated with
Answers
When mRNA leaves a eukaryotic cell's nucleus, it next becomes associated with ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
After mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus, it is transported out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.
Once in the cytoplasm, it binds to ribosomes, which are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. The ribosomes read the mRNA's sequence and translate it into a chain of amino acids, ultimately forming a protein.
Following its exit from a eukaryotic cell's nucleus, mRNA associates with ribosomes in the cytoplasm to initiate the process of protein synthesis. This is an essential step in gene expression and cellular function.
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Aaron, Blaine, and Cruz are solving the equation
4
7
(7 − n) = −1.
Aaron started his solution by multiplying both sides
of the equation by
7
4
.
Blaine started by using the distributive property to
multiply
4
7
by both 7 and −n.
Cruz started by dividing both sides of the equation
by
4
7
.
Which of the following is true?
Blaine and Cruz made an error in picking their first steps.
Cruz made an error in picking his first step.
All three made an error because the right side equals -1.
All three chose a valid first step toward solving the equation.
Answers
Cruz made an error in picking his first step. Therefore, option B is correct.
Aaron's step: Multiplying both sides by 7/4. This step is valid because multiplying both sides of an equation by the same non-zero value does not change equality.
Blaine's step: Using the distributive property to multiply 4/7 by both 7 and -n. This step is also valid because it correctly applies the distributive property to the expression.
Cruz's step: Dividing both sides by 4/7. This step is incorrect because dividing both sides of an equation by a non-zero value does not preserve equality. To solve for 'n', Cruz should have multiplied both sides by 7 - n instead.
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Answer:
yo
Explanation:
its D
or
All three chose a valid first step toward solving the equation.
Iguazu Falls, the largest waterfall system in the world, is
shown below.
Which type of weathering occurs as water falls down Iguazu Falls?
A. Cracks from temperature changes
B. Ice wedging
C. Breaking apart by plants and animals
D. Abrasion
Answers
Answer:
The answer is D.Abrasion
Explanation:
Answer:
It is D abrasion
Explanation: i got it correct on a-pex
What difference do you notice compared to the other the church bio molecules in nucleus acid ?
Answers
The most crucial macromolecules for maintaining life are nucleic acids. They contain instructions for a cell's proper operation as well as the genetic code for that cell.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) are the two primary forms of nucleic acids. All living things, from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals, have DNA as their genetic makeup. It is located in the organelle, chloroplasts, and mitochondria as well as the nuclei of eukaryotes. Prokaryotes lack a membranous sheath around their DNA. A cell's genome is its entire genetic makeup, and genomics is the study of genomes. DNA and histone proteins combine to form a complex to create chromatin, the material that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes, in eukaryotic cells yet not in prokaryotes. There may be hundreds or thousands of genes on a chromosome. Many genes encode for the production of protein molecules, while some genes produce RNA. DNA manipulates the genes to turn on or turn off various biological processes.
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I WILL GIVE 50 BRAINLY POINTS AND BRAINLIEST TO BEST ANSWER!!!
Choose a scientist to research and write about from this list:
John Dalton J. J. Thomson
Marie Curie Ernest
Rutherford Henry Moseley
Niels Bohr Werner
Heisenberg Erwin Schrödinger
James Chadwick
Which scientist will you write about? Explain why you made that choice.
pt 2
When writing a scientific paper, look for the most credible sources. Science doesn’t show bias, but we humans tend to show bias. There are sites and articles that provide facts without proper scientific evidence. Avoid using information from such sites. You must be able to identify reliable sites so the data in your paper is credible.
Use sources that end in .gov (government sites), such as OSTI.gov. They are reliable sources. You can also use sites ending in .edu. They can be deemed trustworthy, but som
Answers
I’d choose James Chadwick Bc it sounds like they will have the most information to research on.
Good luck with that.
Answer:
I'm going to write about John Dalton because it seems interesting that he observed that water evaporates and becomes a gas that mixes with air.
Explanation:
hope this helps :)
Write the chemical equation for water?
Answers
Answer
H2O
Explanation:
Water is made up of hydrogen atom ,valency 1 and oxygen atom , valency 2
On combining , they exchange their valencies giving H2O where 2 is a subscript
the mobile, jellyfish-like stage of the cnidarian life cycle is the ______ stage.
Answers
The mobile, jellyfish-like stage of the cnidarian life cycle is the medusa stage.
In the life cycle of cnidarians, such as jellyfish, sea anemones, and hydroids, there are typically two main stages: the polyp and the medusa. The polyp stage is characterized by a cylindrical body with tentacles surrounding a central mouth. Polyps are usually attached to a substrate, such as rocks or coral reefs. They reproduce asexually through budding or fission.
The medusa stage, on the other hand, is free-swimming and possesses a bell-shaped body with trailing tentacles. It is during this stage that cnidarians are commonly referred to as jellyfish. Medusae reproduce sexually, with males releasing sperm into the water, which is then captured by the tentacles of female medusae.
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Imagine that you collected a sample of fish from a pond. Here is what you caught:
bluegill = 12 individuals
bass = 7 individuals
catfish = 6 individuals
carp = 13 individuals
What would the Shannon diversity value be for this sample?
Answers
The Shannon diversity value for the fish sample is approximately 1.791, indicating a moderate level of diversity.
The Shannon diversity index measures the diversity or evenness of a community by considering the relative abundance of different species. To calculate the Shannon diversity value for the given fish sample, we can use the formula:
H' = -Σ(\(\pi\) * log(\(\pi\)))
Where:
H' is the Shannon diversity value
\(\pi\) is the proportion of individuals belonging to the ith species
Using the data provided, we can calculate the Shannon diversity value as follows:
\(\pi\) for bluegill = 12/38
\(\pi\) for bass = 7/38
\(\pi\) for catfish = 6/38
\(\pi\) for carp = 13/38
Calculating the values and substituting them into the formula:
H' = -( (12/38 * log2(12/38)) + (7/38 * log2(7/38)) + (6/38 * log2(6/38)) + (13/38 * log2(13/38)) )
= 1.791
After performing the calculations, the Shannon diversity value for this sample of fish from the pond is approximately 1.791.
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PLZ HELP 40PTSThe table below shows the mass of some horse fossils.
Horse Fossil Record
Horse Fossil Mass (kg)
A 80
B 270
C 150
D 50
Ancient horses had less mass than present-day horses. The mass of the present-day horse is about 500 kilograms. What is the correct order of evolution of the horse starting from the youngest fossil?
1. A C D B
2.B D C A
3. D A C B
4. B C A D
Answers
Answer:
D and 4
Explanation:
Answer:
Its D and the last one is 4
Explanation:
7. _______________ plant growth increases the length of shoots and roots, while _______________ growth results in an increased girth as layers of woody tissue are laid down.
Answers
Answer:
Primary plant growth increases the length of shoots and roots, while secondary growth results in an increased girth as layers of woody tissue are laid down.
Explanation:
Primary growth is as a result of rapid cell division in the shoot apical and root apical meristem. Primary growth leads to an increase in the length of the shoot and the root.
Secondary growth is as a result of cell division in the lateral meristems (vascular cambium and the cork cambium) thereby making the root and stem thick. Secondary growth leads to an increase in thickness or girth of the plant as layers of woody tissue are laid down.
What are invariant proteins?
Answers
Invariant proteins are a group of proteins that are identical in shape, regardless of their amino acid sequence. They are found in all organisms, regardless of species. These proteins typically serve regulatory or structural roles, and examples include histones and hemoglobin.
Invariant proteins are a type of protein that are consistently expressed in cells and tissues. They are also referred to as "housekeeping genes" because they are necessary for the maintenance of basic cellular functions. Invariant proteins are important in the study of gene expression because they serve as a control for experiments.
By comparing the expression of other genes to invariant proteins, researchers can determine if there are changes in gene expression due to experimental conditions. Examples of invariant proteins include actin, tubulin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).
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Diagram of the human body system
Answers
Answer:
hope this all helps...(and i hope u see the pic!)
Explanation:
In the deep south, pigweed has become resistant to herbicides which is making it harder to grow cotton. The weed will ruin tractors and requires manual labor to remove. The ppc could have a horizontal axis labeled as ______
Answers
In the given scenario, where pigweed has developed resistance to herbicides and poses challenges to cotton production in the deep south, the horizontal axis of the Production Possibilities Curve (PPC) could be labeled as "Labor-Intensive Techniques vs. Mechanization."
This labeling reflects the trade-off between employing labor-intensive techniques, such as manual weeding to control pigweed, and relying on mechanization, represented by the use of tractors and herbicides. The PPC illustrates the different combinations of labor-intensive techniques and mechanization that can be utilized in cotton production.
On one end of the spectrum, allocating more resources towards labor-intensive techniques involves manual labor for removing pigweed, which requires additional human effort and potentially higher costs. This option is depicted at one extreme of the horizontal axis.
On the other end, increasing mechanization implies a greater reliance on machinery, such as tractors and herbicides, to control pigweed efficiently. However, the resistant weed's ability to damage tractors introduces limitations and risks associated with this approach. This alternative is represented at the opposite extreme of the horizontal axis.
The PPC showcases the various trade-offs between labor-intensive techniques and mechanization, aiming to find an optimal balance that maximizes cotton production while effectively managing the challenges posed by pigweed resistance. It helps decision-makers visualize the available choices and make informed decisions regarding resource allocation and management strategies in response to the pigweed issue.
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Helppp
The graph shows three different projections of human population growth. Which two colored lines on the graph show the human population reaching carrying capacity?
A.Line B and line C
B.Line A and line C
C.Line B and line D
D.Line A and line B
Answers
The two colored lines on the graph that show the human population reaching carrying capacity are Line B and line C. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is Carrying capacity?Carrying capacity may be defined as the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a habitat. the carrying capacity of the habitat must depend on two factors. They are as follows:
The food to eat.The space to live.Line B and line C are demonstrating the human population that reaching carrying capacity. This is because both these two lines after attaining a certain value must be declining in a gradual manner. This is the attribute of carrying capacity.
Therefore, the two colored lines on the graph that show the human population reaching carrying capacity are Line B and line C. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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6. Charles Darwin is given credit for being the true father of the Theory of Natural Selection. Alfred
Wallace is also sometimes given partial credit for coming to the same conclusion without ever talking
with Charles Darwin. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the Darwin-Wallace Theory
of Natural Selection?
Answers
There is no statement that is NOT part of the Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection.
What is Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection?The Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection includes the following four statements:
Individuals within a population exhibit variation in traits.Some trait variations are heritable, meaning they can be passed down from one generation to the next.More offspring are produced than can survive, leading to a struggle for existence.Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to their offspring.Therefore, the answer to your question is that there is no statement that is NOT part of the Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection.
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Which sentence best describes vestigial structures?.
Answers
Answer:
Answer C
Explanation:
I know it best
Hydrogen and oxygen gain and lose electrons when forming the molecule water
true
false
Answers
d electroniCred ca da este hidrogenul si oxigenul isi pier
in the dna structure, what kind of bonds hold the base pairs together?
Answers
In the DNA structure, hydrogen bonds hold the base pairs together.
In the DNA structure, the base pairs are formed between the nitrogenous bases adenine (A) and thymine (T), and between cytosine (C) and guanine (G) which are held by hydrogen bonds.
Adenine and thymine are held together by two hydrogen bonds, while cytosine and guanine are held together by three hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds are relatively weak, but they are sufficient to hold the two strands of DNA together and maintain the double helix structure.
Hydrogen bonds are a type of chemical bond that form between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.
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Which statement describes how heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for survival?
A) Autotrophs supply oxygen for respiration.
B) Autotrophs provide sunlight for respiration.
C) Autotrophs make lactic acid for respiration
D) Autotrophs produce carbon dioxide for respiration
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
i took a test got it wrong but it showed me this is the answer :)
The organism that is incapable of producing food for their needs and depends on other organisms are called heterotrophs while the food-producing organisms are called autotrophs.
Autotrophs supply oxygen for respiration to the heterotrophs.
The dependency of heterotrophs can be explained as:The autotrophs are capable of producing oxygen from the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water by the process of photosynthesis. The heterotrophs are incapable of utilizing the atmospheric carbon dioxide and the water to yield oxygen needed for respiration.Therefore, option A. the autotrophs provide oxygen to the heterotrophs for respiration.
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The photoreceptors that allow you to perceive colors are called __________, and the receptors that distinguish between intensities of light are called __________. Group of answer choices
Answers
The photoreceptors that allow us to perceive colors are called cones. The receptors that distinguish between intensities of light are called rods. These photoreceptors play an essential role in vision. They are located in the retina of the eye.
The cones are photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that are responsible for color vision. The retina contains three types of cones that are sensitive to different colors of light: red, green, and blue. These three cone types allow us to perceive millions of different colors.
Rods, on the other hand, are photoreceptors in the retina that are responsible for vision in low light conditions and for detecting movement. They are more sensitive to light than cones, but do not allow us to distinguish between different colors of light. Instead, they are used for detecting black, white, and shades of gray.
Rods and cones are both important for vision and work together to provide us with a complete picture of our environment. While cones allow us to see colors, rods allow us to see in low light conditions and help us to detect movement.
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Which of the following characteristics does not describe DNA?
A - contains uracil
B - contains cytosine
C - contains thymine
D - stays in the nucleus
Answers
Answer:
C) contains thymine
Explanation:
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A cyclist travels at a constant velocity of 4.5 m/s westward then speeds up with a steady acceleration to 2.3 m/s^2 calculate the cyclist speed after accelerating for 5.0 s
Answers
Final velocity after 5 sec is 16 m/s
Given that;
Initial velocity = 4.5 m/s
Constant acceleration = 2.3 m/s²
Time taken = 5 second
Find:
Final velocity
Computation:
Using first equation of motion;
v = u + at
v = 4.5 + (2.3)(5)
v = 4.5 + 11.5
v = 16 m/s
Final velocity = 16 m/s
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