why did the kennedy administration initially de-emphasize the policy of ""massive retaliation""?
Answers
The Kennedy administration initially de-emphasized the policy of "massive retaliation" due to several factors. John F. Kennedy recognized a more flexible approach was necessary to respond to emerging threats.
The policy of "massive retaliation" was initially adopted by the Eisenhower administration as a deterrent strategy, where any attack on the United States or its allies would be met with a massive nuclear response. However, Kennedy and his advisors questioned the effectiveness and credibility of this policy. They recognized that it risked escalating conflicts to a catastrophic level and limited the range of available responses.
Kennedy sought to adopt a more nuanced and flexible approach known as "flexible response." This approach emphasized a range of military options, including conventional forces, to counter aggression at various levels without immediately resorting to nuclear weapons. It allowed for tailored responses and increased the credibility of the United States' deterrent capabilities.
By de-emphasizing "massive retaliation," the Kennedy administration aimed to create a more nuanced and flexible strategy that could address the complex and evolving nature of the Cold War. The shift in policy reflected a recognition of the need for a more proportional response to emerging threats, allowing for a wider range of military options beyond the immediate use of nuclear weapons. It aimed to strike a balance between deterrence and avoiding a potentially devastating nuclear conflict.
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Related Questions
A string of race riots in America in 1919 led James Weldon Johnson to call the period the ______ ____________.
Answers
A string of race riots in America in 1919 led James Weldon Johnson to call the period the Red Summer.
James Weldon Johnson came up with the term "Red Summer" to refer to the period of violent racial conflict and riots that took place in numerous American cities in 1919. Widespread racial tensions, social unrest, and violent clashes between African Americans and white communities were its defining characteristics.
The term "Red Summer" refers to the carnage and destruction that occurred during this turbulent period. The return of African American soldiers from World War I, competition for jobs and housing, racial segregation and racial animosity were some of the factors that contributed to the race riots. The Red Summer incidents made systemic racism and inequality in American society more apparent and emphasized the need for civil rights reforms.
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WITH EXAMPLES DISCUSS RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM AND ITS CONTRIBUSTION TO AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT
Answers
The Boko Haram group, which is based in Nigeria is one of the examples of religious extremism.
Religious extremism is a phenomenon that can have severe negative impacts on the development of African countries. Religious extremism occurs when individuals or groups within a religious community interpret their beliefs in an extreme way, and use violence or other aggressive means to promote their ideology. Such extremism can result in sectarian violence, discrimination, and the suppression of basic human rights, all of which can hamper development.
One example of religious extremism in Africa is the Boko Haram group, which is based in Nigeria. Boko Haram is an Islamist extremist group that has carried out numerous attacks on civilians, including bombings and kidnappings. These attacks have caused a significant loss of life and have contributed to widespread insecurity in Nigeria and neighboring countries. As a result, the group has hindered economic growth and investment in the region, as well as increasing poverty and displacement of communities.
Another example is the ongoing conflict in Sudan, which has a religious dimension. The Sudanese government is primarily composed of Arab Muslims, and the conflict involves ethnic and religious minorities in the south and west of the country who are largely Christian or animist. The conflict has resulted in widespread violence, displacement, and the suppression of basic human rights. It has also hampered economic development in the country, as infrastructure has been destroyed and foreign investment has been deterred.
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What current issues are there in the middle east and can we make any ties to historical events (crusades through the creation of Israel) that still are true?
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The Middle East is currently facing various ongoing issues, including conflicts, political instability, sectarian tensions, and economic challenges. These issues can be linked to historical events such as the Crusades and the creation of Israel, which have had long-lasting consequences on the region.
The Middle East continues to grapple with several significant challenges in the present day. One of the major issues is the prevalence of conflicts and political instability. Countries like Syria, Yemen, and Iraq have experienced prolonged conflicts, leading to immense human suffering, displacement, and the rise of extremist groups. These conflicts often have complex historical roots, including colonial legacies, ethnic and sectarian tensions, and power struggles among regional and international actors.
Sectarian tensions also persist in the region, particularly between Sunni and Shia communities. Historical events, such as the early Islamic schism and subsequent power struggles, have contributed to the sectarian divide, which is further exacerbated by contemporary political rivalries and proxy wars.
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict remains a central issue in the Middle East. The establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 and subsequent conflicts have resulted in ongoing disputes over land, resources, and self-determination. The historical connection to the creation of Israel has left a lasting impact on the region, influencing geopolitical dynamics, inter-state relations, and regional alliances.
Moreover, economic challenges, including high unemployment rates, poverty, and income inequality, continue to be pressing issues in many Middle Eastern countries. Historical factors such as colonialism, exploitation of resources, and unequal distribution of wealth have shaped the region's economic landscape, leading to socio-economic disparities and political grievances.
While it is important to acknowledge the historical context and its influence on current issues in the Middle East, it is crucial to approach these complexities with nuance and avoid oversimplifications. The region's challenges are multifaceted and interconnected, necessitating a comprehensive understanding and a holistic approach towards finding sustainable solutions.
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Summary: The battle of cowpens
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Answer:
The Battle of Cowpens was an engagement during the American Revolutionary War fought on January 17, 1781 near the town of Cowpens, South Carolina, between U.S. forces under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan and British forces under Lieutenant Colonel Sir Banastre Tarleton, as part of the campaign in the Carolinas.
critical feminist theory and interactionist theory are
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Answer:
Critical feminist theories include dominance theory, relational or cultural feminism, pragmatic feminism, socialist feminism, postmodern feminism, critical race feminism, and lesbian feminism. Scholars often contrast critical feminist theories with liberal feminism or formal equality.
Interactionist theory "is based on the idea that human beings, as they interact with one another, give meanings to themselves, others, and the world around them, and use those meanings as a basis for making decisions and taking action in their everyday lives"
The region that is just east of the fall line cities is the:
A coastal plain
B Intermountain region
C Piedmont Plateau
Answers
Answer:
A coastal plain
Explanation:
Answer:
the answer is coastal plain
Before the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, total output of the Roman and Chinese economies increased at ______ their population growth.
Answers
Answer:
the same rate as
Explanation:
how did automobiles change american life in the 1920s
Answers
question 1-Why was communism appealing to Chinese peasants?
Communists worked to address Chinese peasants concerns while Nationalists ignored them
The Nationalists passed strict laws and taxes that disproportionally impacted peasants
Communist thought centered on the struggle of farmers and agricultural workers
Communism valued education of all and peasants attempted to better themselves
-
question 2-How did the invasion of Japan during World War II impact the Chinese Civil War?
The Communists sided with the Japanese and easily overpowered the Nationalists
The Nationalists reached out to the United States for help in repelling the Japanese and Communists
The Nationalists and Communists banded together to resist the Japanese
The Communists hid in the mountains, abandoning the Nationalists
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question 3-How is Maoism different from Marxism and Leninism?
Leninism and Marxism did not take into account the influence of the peasantry in a country
Maoism believed that workers would rise up simultaneously around the world to overthrow their oppressors
Maoism aimed to have a small amount of revolutionaries run society as opposed to all workers
Maoism is adopted for an agricultural society like China while Marxism and Leninism focus on industrial society
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question 4-How did Mao Zedong impact Chinese culture?
Mao appealed to older generations in an attempt to have them educate young people on how to be a good communist
Mao recruited and indoctrinated younger generations in order to phase out traditional Chinese values
Mao destroyed traditional Chinese idols in public displays of power
Mao used propaganda to reinforce the message of traditional Chinese values on the younger generations
-
question 5-How was Mao able to convince Chinese youths to join Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution?
Recruiting programs instituted in each school within China and curriculum formed around Mao's message
Economic incentives for parents who enrolled their child in a Red Guard
Effective propaganda targeted toward youths and elimination of teachers who questioned Mao
Intimidation from Chinese intellectuals who had influence over Chinese youths
Answers
Communism appealed to Chinese peasants as Communism valued the education of all and peasants attempted to better themselves. Thus the correct option is D.
Due to its concentration on the dire condition of farmers and other agricultural workers, communism appealed to Chinese peasants. The Communist Party of China (CPC) concentrated on resolving the issues that affected peasants.
Maoism is different from Marxism and Leninism as Maoism is adapted for an agricultural society like China while Marxism and Leninism focus on an industrial society.
Mao Zedong's Impact on Chinese Culture Mao destroyed traditional Chinese idols in public displays of power.
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Express the following es single fraction 1.93+0.25
Answers
1.93+0.25 as a single fraction is 2.18.
An irreducible fraction in lowest phrases, best shape or decreased fraction is a fraction wherein the numerator and denominator are integers that don't have any different commonplace divisors than 1.
A fraction has two parts. The wide variety at the pinnacle of the line is referred to as the numerator. It tells how many same elements of the complete series are taken. The quantity under the line is called the denominator.
Fractions represent the parts of a whole or series of items. a fraction has elements. The variety on the pinnacle of the line is known as the numerator. It tells what number of equal elements of the whole or series are taken.
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What is The Great Awakening "Religion and Reform"?
Answers
Answer:
As in a change in history, sort of like how the negros protested
Explanation:
What different types of political elections are held in the United States?
Answers
Answer:
Here is several I found
Explanation:
Federal Elections
State Elections
Municipal Elections
Partisan Primary Elections
Caucuses
Which phrase best describes the ouachita mountains, one of arkansas's six regions?
as tall and craggy as the rockies
without any large mineral deposits
worn down by water and weather
dry and desolate, with no source of water
Answers
Answer:
"as tall and craggy as the Rockies."
Explanation:
The phrase that best describes the Ouachita Mountains, one of Arkansas's six regions, is "as tall and craggy as the Rockies." The Ouachita Mountains are a range of mountains located in the west-central part of the state and are known for their rugged and mountainous terrain. The mountains are home to a variety of plant and animal life and offer a range of recreational activities, including hiking, fishing, and camping.
Which headline best describes Texas during the American Civil War?
The Union Must Be Preserved
Texas Welcomes Indians as Citizens
We Must Fight for Freedom in Mexico
Citizens Divided on the Issue of Slavery
Answers
Answer:
The Union Must Be Preserved
Explanation:
Why did Great Britain join World War I after the German invasion of Belgium?
A. Great Britain objected to Germany's violation of Belgian neutrality.
B. Great Britain hoped to capture Germany while German armies
were in Belgium.
C. Belgium offered its colonies to Great Britain in exchange for
protection.
D. Germany used Belgian ports to launch an invasion of Great Britain.
Answers
Answer:
A- Great Britain objected to Germany's violation of Belgian neutrality
When Richard Nixon employed his "Southern strategy," he Question 17 options: used the FBI to help collect secrets and blackmail southern Democratic leaders. ignored the southern states in favor of voters in the Midwest and Northeast. appealed to disaffected white voters in the South. appealed to black southerners who had recently mobilized for civil rights.
Answers
Answer:
appealed to disaffected white voters in the South.
Explanation:
The "Southern Strategy" which was widely associated with the former United States President, Richard Nixon, was a response to the civil rights movement and dismantling of Jim Crow laws in the 1950s and 1960s, which has caused more racial tension in the southern part of the U.S.
Souther Strategy was generally considered as a Republican Party electoral strategy to increase political support among white voters in the South by appealing to racism against African Americans.
Hence, When Richard Nixon employed his "Southern strategy," he appealed to disaffected white voters in the South.
What is the four reasons behind the rise of Nation States?
Answers
Answer:
1) a defined territory;
2) a permanent population;
3) a government; and
4) a capacity to enter into relations with other states.
Explanation:
hope it'll help
A BEAREAVED MILITARY FAMILY, PAINTING BY JAPANESE ARTIST NOBORU MATSUI, 1898
In addition to Japan, which of the following non-European states created an empire in the Asia-Pacific region in the late nineteenth century?
- Australia
- China
- Korea
- The United States
Answers
Apart from Japan, the non-European states that established an empire in the Asia-Pacific region in the late 19th century include Australia, China, Korea, and the United States.
These non-European states were able to establish their empires in Asia and the Pacific region in the late 19th century.Japan, like these non-European states, was also able to establish its empire in the Asia-Pacific region in the late 19th century.
Japan started the Meiji Restoration in 1868, which led to a period of great change and modernization. The Japanese Empire was founded in 1868, after a few years of modernization and reforms.Australia, China, Korea, and the United States, on the other hand, are non-European states that created an empire in the Asia-Pacific region in the late 19th century.
The United States acquired its first overseas territories in the late 19th century, including Hawaii and the Philippines. In the late 19th century, Australia began to colonize and expand its empire throughout the Pacific region.
The Chinese Empire, on the other hand, was already in place, but the Qing Dynasty was on its last legs by the end of the 19th century. Korea became a protectorate of Japan in 1905.
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Scots-irish migrants increasingly opposed quaker policy in the 1740s because they?
Answers
Scots-Irish migrants increasingly opposed quaker policy in the 1740s because they: c. opposed the colony's pacifism toward Native Americans.
Many Americans of Celtic descent additionally mistakenly agree with their Irish whilst in truth, they may be Scots-Irish. Scots-Irish Americans are descendants of Scots who lived in Northern Ireland for two or 3 generations however retained their Scottish individual and Protestant faith.
Scotch-Irish or Scots-Irish may additionally talk over with: Ulster-Scots people, an ethnic institution in Ulster, eire, who trace their roots to settlers from Scotland. Scotch-Irish people, descendants of Ulster Scots who first migrated to the USA in huge numbers in the 18th and nineteenth centuries.
The Scots had been Presbyterians and the English Anglicans with a few dissenting creeds. consequently, we've got the Scotch-Irish who later have been to be one of these big elements in settling the new international.
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Disclaimer: your question is incomplete please see below for the complete question
a. wanted laws that respected their inheritance customs.
b. wanted greater representation in the colonial assembly.
c. opposed the colony's pacifism toward Native Americans.
d. opposed Quaker's attempts to enforce moral behavior.
what was Thomas Hobbes's view about government?
Answers
Answer:
Absolutism. Although Hobbes offered some mild pragmatic grounds for preferring monarchy to other forms of government, his main concern was to argue that effective government—whatever its form—must have absolute authority. Its powers must be neither divided nor limited.
Explanation:
Hope this helped!
the crucial development in the soviet union in august 1991 was:
Answers
The crucial development in the Soviet Union in August 1991 was the August Coup, a Communist-led coup attempt to overthrow Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and reverse the reforms of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring).
The coup was orchestrated by members of the State Committee on the State of Emergency (GKChP), composed of high-ranking Communist Party officials and government leaders.
On August 18, 1991, the coup plotters detained Gorbachev while he was vacationing in Crimea and declared a state of emergency. They aimed to seize control, suppress political opposition, and maintain the centralized Communist system. However, their coup faced massive popular resistance, particularly in Moscow, led by Russian President Boris Yeltsin.
Pro-democracy activists and citizens took to the streets in large numbers, staging protests and demonstrating against the coup. Media outlets broadcasted messages of defiance, and military units sympathetic to the reformist cause refused to carry out orders. The coup collapsed after three days, and Gorbachev was reinstated as president.
The failed coup had far-reaching consequences, hastening the dissolution of the Soviet Union and accelerating political transformations across its republics. It marked a significant turning point in Soviet history, highlighting the growing demand for democratic change and the ultimate demise of the Communist regime.
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The Bill of rights was added to the US Constitution primarily to-
F. provide the president with power in times of emergency
G. establish fair and impartial elections
H. protect individual liberties
J. guaranteed voting privileges to minorities
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Answer:
Protect individuals liberties
James Madison wrote the amendments, which list specific prohibitions on governmental power, in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties
Question is attached in the image below
Answers
Answer:
grassland and savannah that borders the desert area of the Sahara
Explanation:
look it up :)
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
According to the preamble, the phrase “a more perfect Union” refers to
Answers
According to the preamble, the phrase “a more perfect Union” refers to improving upon the previous attempt at creating a new union.
What is a Constitution preamble?Basically, a preamble mean an introductory statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy. When its applies to opening paragraphs of a statute, it can recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute.
The phrase “to form a more perfect Union” was stated to refer to the shift to the Constitution from the Articles of Confederation. The Union had a federal government established by the Constitution that had enough power to act upon citizens directly.
The preamble of the U.S. Constitution states "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America".
In conclusion, the specific phrase that states “to form a more perfect Union” was use to refer to the shift to the Constitution from the Articles of Confederation. The Union previously had a federal government established by the Constitution that had enough power to act upon citizens directly.
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Explain how did the fourteenth and fifteenth amendment affect the deed Scott decision
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Dred Scott, who was born a slave in Missouri, traveled with his master to the free territory of Illinois. ... In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment overturned the Dred Scott decision by granting citizenship to all those born in the United States, regardless of color
How does inflation affect investments?
Answers
Answer:
Rising inflation erodes the purchasing power of a bond's future (fixed) coupon income, reducing the present value of its future fixed cash flows. Accelerating inflation is even more detrimental to longer-term bonds, given the cumulative impact of lower purchasing power for cash flows received far in the future
Explanation:
What aspect of European feudalism are brought to life in the song of Roland?
Answers
Answer:An in-depth study of The Song of Roland reveals that the epic poem portrayed feudalism in three ways: as a form of government and a social structure that brings people together to accomplish shared goals and aspirations; as a mechanism for mobilizing ordinary people to become a military force; and as a conceptua
Explanation:
HURRY I ONLY GOT 40 MINUTES LEFT PLEASE
Read the excerpt from the General Prolgue to the Canterbury Tales.
There was a knight, a reputable man,
Who from the moment that he first began
Campaigning, had cherished the profession
Of arms; he also prized trustworthiness,
Liberality, fame, and courteousness.
In the king’s service he’d fought valiantly,
And travelled far; no man as far as he
In Christian and in heathen lands as well,
And ever honoured for his ability.
Read the same excerpt from the Middle English version of the General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales.
A Knight ther was, and that a worthy man,
That fro the tyme that he first bigan
To ryden out, he loved chivalrye,
Trouthe and honour, fredom and curteisye.
Ful worthy was he in his lordes werre,
And therto hadde he riden (no man ferre)
As wel in Cristendom as hethenesse,
And ever honoured for his worthinesse.
Which statement best compares the Middle English version of the text to the modern English version of the text?
A.Because English has not changed a lot since Chaucer’s time, the two versions of the text are nearly the same.
B.The modern English words are pronounced the same as the Middle English words, but they are spelled differently.
C.Though the Middle English words are spelled differently, the modern English words still look quite similar.
D.The modern version of the text is nearly unrecognizable when compared to the Middle English version.
Answers
Answer:
Start studying Characterization in The Canterbury Tales. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more ... He is characterized as a man who has long, thinning hair.
Explanation:
Which statement best describes the narrator in this excerpt? The narrator is hindered in his ability to accurately retell the stories as they are shared with him. He is an unreliable narrator. Read the excerpt from the General Prolgue to the Canterbury Tales.
Answer: C
Explanation: I'm just putting this here cause tokyo's answer wasn't making any sense just took the test !!
How did the Treaty of Paris of 1783 impact many Loyalists?
O They were arrested and put in jail.
They were exiled from their homes.
They had to pay all of the taxes.
They were excused from their actions during the war.
Help plz!!!!
Answers
Answer:
They were excused from their actions during the war
The Triple Entente and the Triple
Alliance together triggered what
event?
A. Russian Revolution
B. French Revolution
C. World War I
D. World War II
Answers
Answer:
the answer is C
Explanation:
the Triple Entente was comprised of 3 nation they were France, England, and Russia
Answer:
C
Explanation:
I got it right on acellus