Why antibodies raised against a native protein sometimes fails to bind to the corresponding denatured protein
Answers
Antibodies raised against a native protein sometimes fail to bind to the corresponding denatured protein due to the changes in the protein's structure caused by denaturation.
Denaturation is the process by which a protein loses its three-dimensional shape and native conformation due to the disruption of non-covalent bonds that stabilize its structure.
These bonds include hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. Denaturation can be caused by various factors such as heat, pH changes, and chemicals. As a result, the protein's tertiary and quaternary structures are disrupted, causing the protein to become unfolded and lose its original shape.
Antibodies raised against a native protein are specific to the three-dimensional structure of the protein. They recognize and bind to specific epitopes on the surface of the protein.
However, when the protein is denatured, the epitopes may be destroyed or altered, making them unrecognizable to the antibody. Therefore, the antibody may fail to bind to the denatured protein.
Antibodies raised against a native protein sometimes fail to bind to the corresponding denatured protein due to the changes in the protein's structure caused by denaturation. This highlights the importance of using the appropriate antibody and protein conformation in experiments.
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Related Questions
Which homeostatic process is characterized by the diffusion of only water molecules?
active transport
osmosis
passive transport
dynamic equilibrium
Answers
Answer:
Osmosis
Explanation:
Osmosis is the movement of water particles from a region of high concentration (where there is more of it) to a region of low concentration ( where there is less of it).
Answer: b) osmosis
Explanation:
took test
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Silver and gold are common medals used in making jewelry. Why do you think these metals are used?
A. they are ductile and malleable.
B. they have luster.
C. they cannot be dissolved in water.
D. All of above
Answers
Answer:
A. They are ductile and malleable
Explanation:
Although they have luster/shine they can be be dissolved in water and in acid so it can not be all of the above. They are malleable so they can be easily be made into jewelry.
Third, SNP array is considered as low to moderate costs of per sample, despite the significant decrease in costs associated with NGS. It costs $28~$90 (USD) per sample for Affymetrix Axiom SNP array (personal communication), while NGS approaches have the lowest price for GBS at $35 per sample, followed by RNA-seq at $260 per sample, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) at >$500 per sample
Answers
Development and Applications of a High Throughput Genotyping Tool for Polyploid Crops: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Array.
Polypoid species play significant roles in agriculture and food production. Many crop species are polyploid, such as potato, wheat, strawberry, and sugarcane.
Genotyping has been a daunting task for genetic studies of polyploid crops, which lags far behind the diploid crop species.
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array is considered to be one of, high-throughput, relatively cost-efficient and automated genotyping approaches.
However, there are significant challenges for SNP identification in complex, polyploid genomes, which has seriously slowed SNP discovery and array development in polyploid species.
Ploidy is a significant factor impacting SNP qualities and validation rates of SNP markers in SNP arrays, which has been proven to be a very important tool for genetic studies and molecular breeding.
This review presents a complete overview of SNP array development and applications in polypoid crops, which will benefit the research in molecular breeding and genetics of crops with complex genomes.
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Consider the case of Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, and Koch's postulates. What would have to occur in order to satisfy Koch's second postulate?
Answers
Koch's second postulate states that the suspected pathogen should be isolated and grown in pure culture. In the case of Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, satisfying this postulate would require the isolation and cultivation of the bacterium from an infected individual or an animal model of the disease.
To satisfy Koch's second postulate for Lyme disease, the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium would need to be isolated and grown in a laboratory culture, without any other organisms present. This can be a challenging process, as Borrelia burgdorferi is a fastidious bacterium that requires specialized culture conditions, such as the use of nutrient-poor media and a low-oxygen environment.
Once the bacterium has been successfully isolated and grown in pure culture, it can be further characterized and studied to confirm its identity as Borrelia burgdorferi and to investigate its pathogenic properties. This may involve testing the bacterium's ability to cause Lyme disease in animal models or in vitro studies, as well as examining its genetic and biochemical properties.
Overall, satisfying Koch's second postulate for Lyme disease would require the successful isolation and cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi from an infected individual or animal, followed by rigorous testing and characterization to confirm its identity and pathogenicity.
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King of Spain, Juan Carlos, is the son of Juan (lower right corner of the pedigree. ) He was selected by the dictator Francisco Franco, who chose (then) Prince Juan Carlos to succeed him (Franco. ) Upon Franco's death, Juan Carlos became King of Spain. What advantage was there in choosing Juan Carlos, rather than Juan or any of Juan's living brothers and sisters? Explain
Answers
Advantage of choosing Juan Carlos over his brother or sister was that same gene transfer occurs from one generation to another which is not possible on choosing his brother or sister.
Researchers are utilizing different procedures to modify the genome of certain life forms. They are doing as such to make financially significant plant assortments and microorganisms, to treat sickness, to screen the visualization and treatment therapy of assortments, and so on. The Techniques for gene transfer include various strategies like formation, transduction, and so on.
Gene transfer starting with one organic entity then onto the next is a characteristic cycle that outcomes in natural quality variety. It is a normal research center strategy for bacterial strains like E. coli. Quality exchange in microorganisms should be possible by three strategies, to be specific, formation, change and transduction.
Addition of irrelevant hereditary data into cells as DNA is known as quality exchange. Quality exchange should be possible for different reasons. The treatment of sicknesses through quality exchange to give patients helpful qualities is maybe the most convincing of these reasons. There are likewise different strategies for moving genes.
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Cdk1/Cyclin B (MPF) get activated. D. During prophase, Cdk1/Cyclin B (MPF) directly phosphorylates all of the following except a. condensins. b. lamins.
Answers
During prophase, Cdk1/Cyclin B (MPF) directly phosphorylates condensins, but not lamins. Therefore, the correct answer is b. lamins.
Condensins are proteins that help with chromosomal condensation and organisation during cell division. Cdk1/Cyclin B (MPF) phosphorylates condensins directly, activating them and promoting chromosomal condensation during mitosis.
Lamins, on the other hand, are a protein family that forms the nuclear lamina, a network of filaments that sits beneath the inner nuclear membrane and provides structural support for the nucleus. During prophase, Cdk1/Cyclin B (MPF) does not directly phosphorylate lamins.
It is worth mentioning, however, that Cdk1/Cyclin B (MPF) has an indirect effect on lamins during mitosis.
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What psychologist proposed that humans, along with members of other species, have a fighting instinct, which in earlier times ensured protection of food supplies and weeded out the weaker of the species?
Answers
The psychologist who proposed that humans have a fighting instinct is Konrad Lorenz, who believed it ensured protection of resources and survival of the fittest.
Konrad Lorenz, an Austrian zoologist and ethologist, suggested that humans and other species possess an innate fighting instinct. He argued that this instinct played a crucial role in our ancestors' survival by enabling them to protect their food supplies and territory.
Additionally, it served as a natural selection mechanism, ensuring only the strongest individuals would survive and reproduce. This instinct, according to Lorenz, has persisted into modern times and still influences human behavior. His theories were significant in the development of ethology, the study of animal behavior, and contributed to our understanding of aggression and its evolutionary roots.
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What is agriculture?
Answers
Answer:
basically farming and anything to do with farmjng
the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.
6. which of the following does not have an endosymbiotic origin? a. ribosome b. mitochondria c. chloroplast d. nuclear envelope e. all of the above have endosymbiotic origins
Answers
The correct answer is d. nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope does not have an endosymbiotic origin.
The nuclear envelope does not have an endosymbiotic origin. It is formed from the invagination of the cell membrane during the process of nuclear formation, which is distinct from endosymbiosis. On the other hand, the other options (a. ribosome, b. mitochondria, c. chloroplast) do have an endosymbiotic origin. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to have originated from ancient endosymbiotic events where free-living bacteria were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells, eventually leading to a symbiotic relationship. Ribosomes, while not organelles, have an endosymbiotic origin as well, as they are thought to have evolved from ancient free-living bacteria that were engulfed by early cells.In conclusion, while the ribosome, mitochondria, and chloroplast have endosymbiotic origins, the nuclear envelope does not.
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triphasic combination pills mimic the woman's normal menstrual cycle by providing varying amounts of estrogens and progestins throughout the cycle. the main reason for this is to
Answers
Triphasic combination pills provide varying amounts of estrogen and progestins throughout a woman's cycle, mimicking her normal menstrual cycle. The primary cause of this is to decrease the pill's side effects.
Triphasic pills have been shown to reduce the frequency of headaches, nervousness, and breast tenderness, improve acne, and have no effect on weight or blood pressure.
The system of activity of triphasic contraceptives depends on the physiological biorhythm in the arrangement, emission, and blood levels of estrogens and gestagens during the period. High estrogen levels and relatively low gestagens levels characterize the first phase, which lasts between five and seven tablets.
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examples of joints in the body
Answers
Answer:
a) Ball-and-socket joint.
b) Hinge joint
c) Condylyoid joint
d) Pivot joint.
e) Gliding joint.
f) Saddle joint.
Increasing the flow of Na+ ions into a neuron at rest (-70 mV initially) would trigger
a. hyperpolarization.
b. depolarization.
c. repolarization.
d. active transport.
e. None of the choices are correct.
Answers
Increasing the flow of Na+ ions into a neuron at rest (-70 mV initially) would trigger depolarization.
Option (b) is correct.
In a resting neuron, the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared to the outside. This resting membrane potential is maintained by the balance of ions, with more Na+ ions outside and more K+ ions inside the neuron. When the flow of Na+ ions into the neuron increases, it disrupts this balance and reduces the negative charge inside the cell. This influx of positive charges causes the membrane potential to become less negative, ultimately leading to depolarization.
Depolarization is an essential step in the generation of an action potential, which is the electrical signal used for neuronal communication. When a neuron is depolarized, and its membrane potential reaches a threshold level (typically around -55 mV to -50 mV), it triggers the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
Therefore, increasing the flow of Na+ ions into a neuron at rest would cause depolarization, setting the stage for the generation and propagation of an action potential.
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How does sexual reproduction reduces the risk of genetic disease?
Answers
where does oxygen-poor blood first enter the heart?
Answers
Answer:
The oxygen-poor blood enters in the right atrium
Chromosomes are derived from which of the following?
Answers
Answer:
centrioles
Explanation:
Match each term with its definition.
deforestation
urbanization
desertification
the process by which habitable land turns
uninhabitable
the clearing or cutting down of trees
the movement of people from rural areas to
cities
Answers
Answer:
deforestation=the clearing or cutting down of trees
urbanization = the movement of people from rural areas to cities
desertification = the process by which habitable land turns uninhabitable
The correct match for each term is given as Deforestation- the clearing or cutting down of trees. urbanization- the movement of people from rural areas to cities, desertification- the process by which habitable land turns uninhabitable.
Deforestation is the process of clearing forests for other uses, such as agricultural crops, urban sprawl, or mining operations.
Deforestation has been accelerated by human activity since 1960 and has a significant impact on natural ecosystems and biodiversity, as well as the climate.
Desertification occurs when vegetation in drylands (i.e., arid or semi-arid land, such as grassland or shrubland) diminishes and eventually disappears.
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Name the four main groups of organic compounds found in living things, their composition,
their monomers, and give an example of each.
Answers
Organic and inorganic.....are the
Among the options provided, which editonial changes are APPROPRIATE for the unedited sentence given below? Another study achieved by Skalskyi et al. compared the fracture resistance of different restorative materials used in teeth endocrown restoring Delete "achieved" Delete "teeth" Revise "restoring" to "restorations" Revise "Another study achieved by Skalskyi et al." to "A study achieved by Skalskyi et al "
Answers
To improve the sentence, it is appropriate to revise "restoring" to "restorations" to accurately reflect the intended meaning. However, it is not necessary to delete the word "achieved" as it does not significantly affect the clarity or meaning of the sentence.
Among the options provided, the appropriate editorial changes for the unedited sentence are as follows:
1. Delete "achieved": Removing the word "achieved" does not significantly impact the clarity or meaning of the sentence.
2. Delete "teeth": Since the sentence is specifically discussing restorative materials used in teeth, deleting the word "teeth" would result in an incomplete and less clear statement.
3. Revise "restoring" to "restorations": Changing "restoring" to "restorations" accurately reflects the intended meaning of the sentence, which is the process of restoring teeth with different restorative materials.
4. Revise "Another study achieved by Skalskyi et al." to "A study achieved by Skalskyi et al.": This revision maintains the clarity of the sentence while presenting the information in a grammatically correct manner.
Additionally, keeping the word "teeth" is important to maintain the specificity of the sentence. Finally, revising "Another study achieved by Skalskyi et al." to "A study achieved by Skalskyi et al." ensures grammatical accuracy without altering the overall meaning of the sentence.
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Predators such as foxes, owls, woodpeckers, and skunks make up the
of a deciduous forest.
A secondary consumers
B tertiary consumers
C primary consumers
D producers
Answers
Answer:
A: secondary consumers
Explanation:
All the animals that are listed eat other animals but are not at the top of the of the food chain.
typical lymphatic vessels are anatomically very similar to ______.
Answers
The anatomy of typical lymphatic vessels is very similar to that of cardiovascular veins.
Blood capillaries and lymphatic capillaries are similar, but lymphatic capillaries have closed ends and a larger diameter. Unlike blood capillaries, lymph capillaries allow fluid entry but not exit through the cell walls. It is only capable of progress.
Blood enters your heart through two central veins. Blood is transported to the heart from the upper body (head and arms) by the superior vena cava. Blood from the lower body (stomach, pelvis, and legs) is carried upward to the heart by the inferior vena cava. Leg veins have valves to prevent blood flow in the wrong direction.
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why is the transport of phloem sap considered an active process? why is the transport of phloem sap considered an active process? phloem sap is able to move down through a plant with the force of gravity. the manufacture of sucrose via photosynthesis is driven by the energy in sunlight. transpiration is driven by the energy in sunlight. energy is used to transport sucrose into companion cells near sources, against a concentration gradient.
Answers
The transport of phloem sap is considered an active process beacuase energy is used to transport sucrose into companion cells near sources, against a concentration gradient.
Phloem juice is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic substances. Previous studies have shown that sugars and amino acids are major metabolites in phloem fluid. Saccharosis is the major sugar in the phloem juice and its concentration varies between species.
Phloem transport is said to be active because both phloem loading at the source and unloading at the sink occur through the active transport. It is a biological process in which molecules move against a concentration gradient and require chemical energy to transport biochemicals from low to high concentrations.
Phloem juice contains a large amount of sugars, amino acids, vitamins, organic and inorganic acids. The main components of phloem sap are sugars and amino acids. Sucrose is the major sugar in phloem sap.
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Which event in Earth’s history most directly allowed life to exist on land? Earth’s temperatures increased, causing widespread evaporation. Earth collided with a large object, forming the moon. Single-celled organisms released oxygen into the air when they photosynthesized. Single-celled organisms absorbed harmful gases from the air when they first formed.
Answers
Answer:
c: Single-celled organisms released oxygen into the air when they photosynthesized.
Explanation:
got it right on edge. also if there were no oxygen animals and humans could not live
The event in Earth’s history that most directly allowed life to exist on land is "Single-celled organisms released oxygen into the air when they photosynthesized." Thus, the correct option is C.
What are Single-celled organisms?Single-celled organisms may be defined as those organisms that are constructed by only one cell. This single cell carries out all of the functions needed for the organism. They lack compartmentalization.
Single-celled organisms mainly bacteria evolve themselves in such a way that they released oxygen into the air when they photosynthesized. Such bacteria are known as photosynthetic bacteria.
These bacteria are only the source that brings this diversity among living entities on the earth's surface by making the availability of oxygen on this planet.
Therefore, the correct option for this question is C.
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whats the process of (kepler-186f) fusion between these atoms that occurs in all-stars
Answers
Answer: the main element
Explanation: vamp
A skeptical attitude in science
a. prevents scientists from accepting new ideas.
b. encourages scientists to readily accept
new ideas.
c. means a new idea will only be accepted if it is
backed by evidence.
d. is unimportant.
Answers
The answer is C) means a new idea will only be accepted if it is backed by evidence.
true or false: hdl removes cholesterol from the bloodstream and returns it to the liver for excretion.
Answers
HDL removes cholesterol from the bloodstream and returns it to the liver for excretion is referred to as a true statement.
What is a Liver?This is referred to as the larges solid organ in the body and it helps remove toxins from the blood through various processes.
The HDL removes cholesterol from the bloodstream and returns it to the liver. This is then flushed out in the form of excretion and is very important as it helps lower the risk for heart disease and stroke of an individual which is therefore why true was chosen as the correct choice.
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The image, in which A represents a gene, shows a harmless mutation that has occurred in a species' genome. Which is the most
plausible way that this mutation may eventually benefit the species?
A)
Multiple copies of genes increase gene expression and protein synthesis,
improving fitness
B) One copy of the gene may mutate further and begin to function differently
from the original.
C) Individuals with different copy numbers of the gene will not be able to
mate, resulting in speciation.
D) Individuals with the mutation are not able to produce offspring and will be removed from the gene pool.
Answers
Answer:B
Explanation: I took this test
One copy of the gene may mutate further and begin to function differently from the original is the most plausible way that this mutation may eventually benefit the species.
What is Mutation?A mutation is a change to an organism's Genetic sequence. Errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infection can all cause mutations.
Somatic mutations (which happen in body cells) cannot be passed on to offspring, whereas germline mutations (which happen in eggs and sperm) can.
Our cells constantly undergo mutations, yet surprisingly few of these have an adverse impact on our health. A mutation is never so advantageous in real life.
Therefore, One copy of the gene may mutate further and begin to function differently from the original is the most plausible way that this mutation may eventually benefit the species.
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the more ______ an object has, the stronger its gravitational force will be. BRUH IM SO CONFUSSSEEEDDDD :(
Answers
Answer:
mass
Explanation:
15. What is meant by combustion?
Answers
Answer: D.
Explanation: Please give me Brainlest Please
is chlorine gas a polar or nonpolar covalent bond
Answers
Pretty sure its non-poaler (definitly sure) :)
Answer:
Explanation:
Covalent bonds are very similar to chlorine gas. Which is also known as (C12). Both of these atoms share and hold tightly onto their electrons.
The hydrogen atom has a positive charge becauseIt cannot hold as tightly to the negative electron bones. Covalent molecules with this type of uneven charge distribution are polar.
What evidence suppoarts a conservation law?
a.6 Co2 -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
b.6 Co2 + 6 H2O + light -> C6H12O6
c.6 H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
d.6 Co2 -> 3 C6H12O6 + 3 O2
Answers
Answer: a.6 Co2 -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Explanation: