Which terms are used to identify pure substances?

Answer:

because of the way they've bonded

Explanation:

Ionic bonding promotes the creation of a soluble salt. and high melting and boiling points

Covalent bonding promotes formation of molecules.

Polar covalent bonding promotes solubility in polar water

Metallic bonding promotes malleability, ductility, and ability to conduct heat and electric current.

according to this do they change

Answer:

\(24\).

Explanation:

\(3\, {\rm CuS} + 8\, {\rm HNO_{3}} \to 3\, {\rm CuSO_{4}} + 8\, {\rm NO} + 4\, {\rm H_{2}O}\).

Start by finding the oxidation of each species in this reaction.

\(3\, {\rm \stackrel{+2}{Cu}\stackrel{-2}{S}} + 8\, {\rm H\stackrel{+5}{N}O_{3}} \to 3\, {\rm \stackrel{+2}{Cu}\stackrel{+6}{S}O_{4}} + 8\, {\rm \stackrel{+2}{N}O} + 4\, {\rm H_{2}O}\).

Oxidation state changes in this reaction include:

Thus, three \({\rm S}\) atoms transferred a total of \(3 \times 8 = 24\) electrons to eight \({\rm N}\) atoms in this reaction.

Answer:

C₂H6

Explanation:

Among the given options, the formula A) C₂H6 represents a hydrocarbon (specifically, ethane). Option A

A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is important to identify the formula that represents a hydrocarbon among the given options:

A) C₂H6: This formula represents ethane, which is a hydrocarbon. Ethane consists of two carbon atoms bonded together with single bonds and six hydrogen atoms.

B) C₂H5OH: This formula represents ethanol, which is not a hydrocarbon. Ethanol contains a hydroxyl group (-OH), indicating the presence of oxygen in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is an alcohol, not a hydrocarbon.

C) C₂H5Cl: This formula represents ethyl chloride, which is not a hydrocarbon. Ethyl chloride contains a chlorine atom (Cl) in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is a haloalkane, not a hydrocarbon.

D) C₂H6O: This formula represents ethanol, which, as mentioned before, is not a hydrocarbon. Ethanol contains an oxygen atom (O) in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is an alcohol, not a hydrocarbon.

Among the given options, the formula A) C₂H6 represents a hydrocarbon (specifically, ethane). It consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, making it a suitable representation of a hydrocarbon.

In summary, the formula C₂H6 (option A) represents a hydrocarbon, while the other options contain additional elements (oxygen or chlorine) that make them non-hydrocarbon compounds. Option A

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A common example of a solution is saltwater. In this solution, the solute is salt (NaCl) and the solvent is water (H2O).

When salt is added to water, it dissolves into the liquid to form a homogeneous mixture. The water molecules surround the ions of the salt and pull them apart from each other, resulting in the formation of individual salt ions dispersed throughout the water. The salt ions become evenly distributed throughout the water, resulting in a solution.

In this example, the salt (NaCl) is the solute because it is the substance that is being dissolved. The water (H2O) is the solvent because it is the substance that dissolves the salt and creates the solution.

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Answer:

After the Peloponnesian War, a period of political and economic unrest ensued in the Greek city-states as disagreements about the post-war settlement divided the cities. The war itself had caused considerable damage to infrastructure and disrupted trade networks, which had a further destabilizing effect on the region. The post-war chaos did eventually lead to the rise of Macedonian power in the fourth century BCE, however, resulting in the unification of the Greek city-states under the rule of Phillip II of Macedon.

The volume of hydrogen gas at a pressure of 4.00 atm and a temperature of 340 °C would be approximately 0.668 L.

To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law equation, which relates the initial and final volumes, pressures, and temperatures of a gas. The combined gas law equation is as follows:

(P₁ * V₁) / (T₁) = (P₂ * V₂) / (T₂)

where P₁ and P₂ are the initial and final pressures, V₁ and V₂ are the initial and final volumes, and T₁ and T₂ are the initial and final temperatures.

Let's plug in the given values into the equation:

P₁ = 1.00 atm (at STP)

V₁ = 1.37 L

T₁ = 273.15 K (standard temperature in Kelvin)

P₂ = 4.00 atm

T₂ = 340 °C = 340 + 273.15 = 613.15 K (converted to Kelvin)

Now, we can rearrange the equation to solve for V₂:

V₂ = (P₁ * V₁ * T₂) / (P₂ * T₁)

Substituting the values:

V₂ = (1.00 atm * 1.37 L * 613.15 K) / (4.00 atm * 273.15 K)

Calculating the result:

V₂ ≈ 0.668 L

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Both the [MnO₄]⁻ and [Fe(bpy)₃]₂ complexes exhibit intense purple colors due to electronic transitions within their molecular structures. The nature of the bands can be described in terms of the molecular orbitals involved in the transitions and their intensity.

Molecular orbitals involved in the transitions are listed.

[MnO4]⁻: A core manganese ion (Mn) is surrounded by four oxygen atoms (O) to create the [MnO4]⁻ complex. The purple hue results from the visible light's absorption, which relates to electronic transitions involving manganese's partially filled d orbitals. In [MnO4]⁻, the lowest-energy unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is predominantly made up of manganese d orbitals, while the highest-energy occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is a combination of oxygen p orbitals and manganese d orbitals. The purple color is a result of an electron moving from the HOMO to the LUMO state as a result of light absorption.

[Fe(bpy)₃]₂: The [Fe(bpy)₃]₂ complex consists of an iron ion (Fe) coordinated with three bipyridine ligands (bpy). The purple color of this complex is also due to electronic transitions within the molecular structure. In this case, the absorption of light occurs within the ligand field of the complex, leading to the excitation of electrons. The highest-energy occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) are primarily located on the bpy ligands, while the lowest-energy unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) are associated with the iron ion and the bpy ligands. The absorption of light causes electron transitions from the bpy ligand-based orbitals to the iron-centered orbitals, contributing to the purple color observed.

(ii) Band Intensity: The molar absorptivity (extinction coefficient) of the transition, the concentration of the complex, and the path length of the sample are three variables that affect the band intensity in the visible area. A major shift in electron density or a significant reconfiguration of the molecular orbitals during an electronic transition is typically accompanied with prominent absorption bands.

Both [MnO4]⁻ and [Fe(bpy)₃]₂ complexes exhibit a vivid purple hue, which suggests that their electronic transitions have relatively high molar absorptivities. These complex have a high absorbance and vivid color because they strongly absorb light in the visible spectrum. The precise molecule structure, ligand field strength, and energy gap can all affect the bands' unique intensities.

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Yes it is True.

Because Zinc(Zn) is Highly reactive than Hydrogen(H) that is why Zn can easily replace Hydrogen in HCl and form ZnCl2.

Answer:

The highly unstable pure sodium or potassium wants to lose an electron, and this splits the water atom, producing a negatively charged hydroxide ion and hydrogen and forming an explosive gas that ignites.

Explanation:

Answer:

no it's is false because an electron have negative charges and it is not inside the atom and it is found out side the nucleus

Answer: write the solubility equilibrium and the solubility-product constant expression for the slightly soluble salt CaF2 CaF2 (s) <---> Ca2+ (aq) + 2F- (aq) Ksp=[Ca2+][F-]2.

Explanation:

Answer: 13.11L

Explanation:

17 g = 22.4 L

10g = 13.11 L

Answer:

i believe its B   B or C

Explanation:

The statement metals can hammered into thin sheets and non metals are brittle is correct. Thus option C is true.

Metals is defined as a substance with good conductor of electricity, luster and malleability, which are ready to lose electron to form a positive ion i.e. cation. Metals can also be defined according to their periodic table.

Non metals is defined as a substance which are poor conductor of electricity, luster and malleability which are ready to gain electron to form a negative ion i.e. anion. They can be gas, liquid or solid.

Thus, metals can hammered into thin sheets and non metals are brittle is correct. Thus option C is true.

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Answer:

We can solve this by the method of which i solved your one question earlier

so again here molar mass of C12H25NaSO4 is 288.372 and number of moles for 11900 gm of C12H25NaSO4 will be = 11900/288.372

which is almost = 41.26 moles

so to get one mole of C12H25NaSO4 we need one mole of C12H26O

so for 41.26 moles of C12H25NaSO4 it will require 41 26 moles of C12H26O

so the mass of C12H26O = 41.26× its molar mass

C12H26O = 41.26×186.34

= 7688.38 gm!!

so the conclusion is If you need 11900 g of C12H25NaSO4 (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate) you need C12H26O 7688.38 gm !!

Again i d k wether it's right or wrong but i tried my best hope it helped you!!

Cohesion can be defined as the binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. It is an essential property of water that is useful for living organisms.

The cohesive property of water is due to the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with one another.This ability of water molecules to stick together creates a high surface tension and allows water to resist external forces, such as gravity and other mechanical stresses. Cohesion also allows water to form droplets, which can be useful for organisms that need to collect and store water, such as plants and insects.In plants, cohesion is essential for the process of transpiration, which involves the movement of water from the roots, through the plant, and out of the leaves. The cohesive property of water allows water molecules to stick together and move through the plant as a continuous column, from the roots to the leaves, without breaking apart. This helps to maintain the water potential gradient in the plant, which is essential for the movement of water and nutrients.Plants also use cohesion to help distribute water and nutrients evenly throughout the plant.Cohesion between water molecules in the xylem tissue of plants allows for a continuous flow of water from the roots to the leaves.This ensures that all parts of the plant receive the water and nutrients they need.In addition to plants, the cohesive property of water is also useful for organisms that live in water. Cohesion allows water to form a surface layer that is resistant to penetration by insects, allowing them to walk on water. It also allows some organisms, such as water striders, to move across the surface of the water with ease.The cohesive property of water is also important for the formation of droplets, which can be useful for organisms that need to collect and store water, such as animals and plants.For example, some plants have leaves that are coated in a wax layer that helps to prevent water loss and protect against external stresses.The cohesive property of water allows droplets of water to form on the surface of the wax layer, which can be collected and absorbed by the plant.

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Answer:

5.706x10⁻³M

Explanation:

Based on product solubility of Ca(OH)₂:

Ca(OH)₂(s) ⇆ Ca²⁺ + 2OH⁻(aq)

Ksp = 5.5x10⁻⁶ = [Ca²⁺] [OH⁻]²

Where [Ca²⁺] is 0.05M and [OH⁻] is obtained from the reaction with HCl.

The molar solubility, S, will be:

S = [OH⁻]/2

The [OH-] is:

Moles HCl = Moles OH⁻

2.77x10⁻³L * (0.103mol / L) = 2.85x10⁻⁴ moles OH⁻ in 25mL = 0.025L:

2.85x10⁻⁴ moles OH⁻ / 0.025L = 0.0114M = [OH⁻]

And S is:

0.0114M/2 =

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The atomic radius increases as you go down a group in the periodic table. Atoms get larger because more electrons are being added in higher energy levels, and each energy level is further from the nucleus than the last. Therefore, the atomic radius increases as you go down a group.

The substance in the image above would be classified as a mixture of elements (option E).

A compound is a substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.

On the other hand, a mixture is made when two or more substances are combined, but they are not combined chemically.

According to this question, an image is shown with two different substances or elements as distinguished by coloration (white and purple). These elements are combined but not chemically bonded, hence, is a mixture.

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In this question, we have to use Graham's law of effusion in order to find the molar mass of this unknown gas, the formula is the following:

r1/r2 = √ M2/M1

Where:

r1 = rate of gas 1, in this case oxygen, 625 m/sec

r2 = rate of gas 2, unknown gas, 425 m/sec

M1 = molar mass of gas 1, oxygen, 32g/mol

M2 = molar mass of gas 2, unknown

Adding the values into the formula:

625/425 = √ M2/32

1.47 = √ M2/32

(1.47)^2 = M2/32

2.16 = M2/32

M2 = 32 * 2.16

M2 = 69.12g/mol is the molar mass of this gas

For the given relative concentrations of the molecule we have: option 1, Normal, option 2, Higher than normal, option 3, Lower than normal and option 4, None, is the correct answer.

Given terms are: [mitochondrial FADH2] [cytosolic NADH] [pyruvate] [mitochondrial ATP] Acetyl-CoA [mitochondrial ADP].

The relative concentrations of the molecules listed below if TAC cycle is completely inactive are:

None [mitochondrial FADH2][cytosolic NADH][pyruvate]Higher than normal [mitochondrial ATP]

Lower than normal Acetyl-CoA[mitochondrial ADP]

The TAC cycle is responsible for the production of high energy ATP molecules.

If the TAC cycle is inactive, then there will be no energy generated. Therefore, the concentration of mitochondrial ATP will be None, and the concentration of mitochondrial FADH2 and cytosolic NADH will be higher than normal.

However, without the TAC cycle, the concentration of Acetyl-CoA will be lower than normal and the concentration of mitochondrial ADP will also be lower than normal.

Thus, the relative concentrations of the molecules listed below if the TAC cycle is completely inactive will be: None [mitochondrial FADH2] [cytosolic NADH] [pyruvate]Higher than normal [mitochondrial ATP]

Lower than normal Acetyl-CoA[mitochondrial ADP].

Therefore, option 1, Normal, option 2, Higher than normal, option 3, Lower than normal and option 4, None, is the correct answer.

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The number of moles of NaHC2H3O2 produced is 15.90 mol. In conclusion, 15.90 moles of NaHC2H3O2 will be produced in the given chemical reaction.

The balanced equation given is,Na2CO3 + Ca(HC2H3O2)2 → 2NaHC2H3O2 + CaCO3The limiting reagent is Ca(HC2H3O2)2

.Number of moles of Na2CO3 given = 7.95 molesNumber of moles of Ca(HC2H3O2)2 given = 9.20 molesMoles of NaHC2H3O2 produced = ?Molar ratio of Ca(HC2H3O2)2 and NaHC2H3O2 is 1:2

Number of moles of NaHC2H3O2 produced can be calculated as follows:Step 1Number of moles of Ca(HC2H3O2)2 needed to react with Na2CO3 can be calculated as follows

:Na2CO3 + Ca(HC2H3O2)2 → 2NaHC2H3O2 + CaCO3Number of moles of Ca(HC2H3O2)2 = 7.95 moles Na2CO3 × 1 mol Ca(HC2H3O2)2/1 mol Na2CO3= 7.95 moles

Step 2To calculate the number of moles of NaHC2H3O2 produced, use the mole ratio between Ca(HC2H3O2)2 and NaHC2H3O2Number of moles of NaHC2H3O2 = 7.95 mol Ca(HC2H3O2)2 × 2 mol NaHC2H3O2/1 mol Ca(HC2H3O2)2= 15.90 mol NaHC2H3O2

Therefore, 15.90 moles of NaHC2H3O2 will be produced.

The given balanced chemical equation is Na2CO3 + Ca(HC2H3O2)2 → 2NaHC2H3O2 + CaCO3. The limiting reagent is Ca(HC2H3O2)2. We are given 7.95 moles of Na2CO3 and 9.20 moles of Ca(HC2H3O2)2.

To find the moles of NaHC2H3O2 produced, we need to first find the number of moles of Ca(HC2H3O2)2. Then, we can use the mole ratio between Ca(HC2H3O2)2 and NaHC2H3O2 to find the number of moles of NaHC2H3O2 produced.

The number of moles of NaHC2H3O2 produced is 15.90 mol. In conclusion, 15.90 moles of NaHC2H3O2 will be produced in the given chemical reaction.

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To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to isotope. Therefore, the correct options are options A among all the given options.

Every atom has an equal amount of protons and electrons, however isotopes are a little slightly weird because they contain variable quantities of neutrons while having an equal number of protons and electrons. Isotopes, however, differ in atomic mass while sharing the very same atomic number or place in the periodic table.

It is a naturally occurring (one parts per trillion) isotope.

It is radioactive, It has a half- life of 5,700 years.

It is found in all living organisms hence used for Carbon dating.

Therefore, the correct options are options A among all the given options.

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The power radiated by the radiator changes by a factor of 14.1573 when the temperature is increased from 27°C to 54°C.

The formula that relates the power radiated by an object with the fourth power of the temperature is known as the Stefan-Boltzmann Law. It is stated as follows: P = σA(T⁴), where P is the power radiated, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (5.67 × 10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴), A is the surface area of the radiator, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

We must first convert the temperature to Kelvin:

TK = T°C + 273.15

TK1 = 27°C + 273.15 = 300.15 K

TK2 = 54°C + 273.15 = 327.15 K

The factor by which the power radiated changes is the ratio of the power at the new temperature to the power at the original temperature. The equation is as follows:

P2/P1 = (T2/T1)⁴

Substituting the given values:

P2/P1 = (327.15/300.15)⁴

P2/P1 = 1.8856⁴

P2/P1 = 14.1573

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The electric field is turned off, the charged particle travels on a circular path whose radius is 4.36 cm. The charge-to-mass ratio of the particle 6.819*10⁵ c/kg

F=Fe+Fb=0

qvB=qE

v=E/b

Fr=Fb=qvB=mv²/R

qvb=mv²/R

v=qBR/m

v=E/B

q/m=E/RB²=6.819*10⁵ c/kg

Consequently, an atom can be either positive, negative, or neutral. After receiving an electron from another atom, the charged particle becomes negative. If an electron is removed from it, it becomes positively charged. Applications of charged particles are susceptible to electric field and magnetic field management of their motion and energy. According to this definition, a charged particle is a particle that has an electric charge. At the atomic level, an atom consists of a nucleus that the electrons orbit. Protons and neutrons combine to create the nucleus, which has a positive charge. Any charged atom or molecule is an ion. It has a charge because the atom or molecule's number of protons and electrons is not equal. Positivity can be added to an atom.

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The use of cold ethanol instead of hot ethanol in recrystallization would hinder the dissolution process, result in slower crystal formation, and compromise the purity of the final product. Therefore, it is essential to follow the appropriate recrystallization procedure using hot ethanol to obtain the desired results.

The process of recrystallization involves dissolving a solid in a suitable solvent and then allowing it to crystallize out under controlled conditions. The choice of solvent and temperature is crucial in achieving successful recrystallization. In the given scenario, if cold ethanol is used instead of hot ethanol, the process of recrystallization may not work effectively for several reasons.

Firstly, ethanol has a lower solubility for many compounds at lower temperatures. Cold ethanol may not be able to dissolve the compound completely, leading to incomplete or inefficient recrystallization. The purpose of recrystallization is to obtain pure crystals, free from impurities. If the compound is not dissolved adequately, impurities may remain trapped, resulting in impure crystals.

Secondly, the rate of crystal formation is significantly slower at lower temperatures. By using hot ethanol, the solvent's increased kinetic energy allows for faster dissolution and subsequent recrystallization. Cold ethanol would not provide the same level of energy, leading to slower crystallization kinetics. This slower process increases the chances of impurities being trapped within the crystal lattice, diminishing the purity of the final product.

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If the battery was removed, the energy produced by the battery would not be able to continue its path along the circuit.

Auger electrons are defined as the electrons which are emitted when an electron beam hitting the surface creates electron holes in a lower shell (K, L or M) and when this hole is usually filled by an electron from a higher shell.

Generally, the principle of Auger operates by allowing a high-energy electron obtained from the beam to eject an electron from its orbit creating an empty hole in the orbit. As this occurs, another electron from a higher orbit usually moves to fill the empty space.

When an electron changes from a higher to a lower orbit, it often releases energy.

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66.0 grams of Ca(OH)₂ are produced when 0.89 mol of C₂H₂ is produced. We need to write out the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between C₂H₂ and Ca(OH)₂: C₂H₂ + Ca(OH)₂ → Ca(C₂H₂O₂)₂ + 2H₂O

From this equation, we can see that 1 mole of C₂H₂ reacts with 1 mole of Ca(OH)₂ to produce 1 mole of Ca(C₂H₂O₂)₂ and 2 moles of H₂O.

So, if 0.89 mol of C₂H₂ is produced, we can assume that an equal number of moles of Ca(OH)₂ is consumed in the reaction. Therefore, the number of moles of Ca(OH)₂ produced can be calculated as follows:

Moles of Ca(OH)₂ = 0.89 mol C₂H₂

Now, to find the mass of Ca(OH)₂ produced, we need to use its molar mass, which is:

Ca(OH)₂: 74.09 g/mol

So, the mass of Ca(OH)₂ produced can be calculated using the following equation:

Mass of Ca(OH)₂ = Moles of Ca(OH)₂ x Molar mass of Ca(OH)₂

Plugging in the values we have, we get:

Mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 0.89 mol x 74.09 g/mol

Mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 66.0 g

Therefore, 66.0 grams of Ca(OH)₂ are produced when 0.89 mol of C₂H₂ is produced.

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Explanation:

high-efficiency after-treatment technology has been required to meet the increasingly stringent regulations on the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons (HCs), and carbon monoxide (CO) exhausts from diesel engine vehicles throughout the world. The diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) is an indispensable part of a diesel-fueled exhaust system, which mainly functions in the oxidation of unburned HCs and CO to CO2 and H2O (in the case of HCs) and a proportion of NO to NO2. However, the DOC will unavoidably be poisoned by trace gaseous SO2 or accumulated sulfur on the catalyst under real operational conditions and hence impair the overall purification efficiency of the aftertreatment system. There have been significant research efforts from both academia and industry involving sulfur-relevant diesel oxidation chemistry and development of robust sulfur-resistant oxidation catalysts. This Review focuses on recent advances in the study of SO2 effects on the catalytic oxidation of NO, HCs, and CO over DOCs, with particular attention to the fundamentals beneath apparent observations of sulfur influence on PGM-based and non-noble metal-based catalysts in the different oxidation reactions. Regeneration methods and design rationale for sulfur-resistant catalysts are also covered. Several challenges in the future research regarding microscopic insights into the SO2-influencing mechanism and next-generation sulfur-resistant DOC design are highlighted toward real-world practice.