which scientist came up with the first widely recognized atomic theory? responses j.j. thomson j.j. thomson antoine lavoisier antoine lavoisier robert millikan robert millikan john dalton john dalton

Indoor unsaturated hydrocarbons react with ozone, producing formaldehyde, a volatile organic compound that poses a potential health risk.

Indoor formaldehyde is a major product of the reaction between ozone and most indoor unsaturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are commonly found in indoor environments, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a variety of sources such as furniture, carpets, and cleaning products, which can react with ozone present in the air.

This reaction leads to the formation of formaldehyde, a volatile organic compound known for its potential health effects and for its presence in regulations and indoor air quality ratings. 

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Answer:

Seafloor Ages

They found that the youngest rocks on the seafloor were at the mid-ocean ridges. The rocks get older with distance from the ridge crest.

hope this helped

Answer:

iron (III) oxide is a gas

Answer:

0.00032 M

Explanation:

From the question,

Applying the for pH

pH = -log[H⁺]............... Equation 1

Where H⁺ = Hydrogen ion concentration of Hydrochloric acid

Given: pH = 3.50

Substitute into equation 1 and solve for H⁺

3.50 = -log[H⁺]

Taking the log inverse of both side,

H⁺ = 10⁻⁽³⁵/¹⁰⁾

H⁺ = 0.00032 M

Hence the H⁺ of Hydrochloric acid is  0.00032 M

Answer:

A condensation reaction is a class of organic addition reaction that typically proceeds in a step-wise fashion to produce the addition product, usually in equilibrium, and a water molecule.Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water ruptures one or more chemical bonds.

Different:

A condensation reaction that occurs between two separate molecules is called intermolecular condensation. ... The opposite of a condensation reaction that releases a water molecule is called a hydrolysis reaction. This happens when one molecule is split into two via the addition of a water molecule.

The standard enthalpy change for reaction (3) is 117.1 kJ.

The standard enthalpy change for reaction (3) can be calculated by using the enthalpy changes of reactions (1) and (2) and applying Hess's Law.

To do this, we need to manipulate the given equations so that the desired reaction (3) can be obtained.

First, we reverse reaction (1) to get the formation of C2H4(g) from C2H6(g):

C2H4(g)C2H6(g) ΔH° = -52.3 kJ

Next, we multiply reaction (2) by 2 and reverse it to obtain 2 moles of C2H6(g) reacting to form 3 moles of H2(g):

2C2H6(g)2C(s) + 3H2(g) ΔH° = 169.4 kJ

Now, we add the two modified equations together:

C2H4(g)C2H6(g) ΔH° = -52.3 kJ
2C2H6(g)2C(s) + 3H2(g) ΔH° = 169.4 kJ

When adding these equations, the C2H6(g) on the left side cancels out with the C2H6(g) on the right side, leaving us with the desired reaction (3):

C2H4(g) + H2(g)C2H6(g) ΔH° = -52.3 kJ + 169.4 kJ = 117.1 kJ

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Answer:

Final pressure is 0.956 atm

Explanation:

Based on Boyle's law, "The volume of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the pressure when temperature is constant". The equation is:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Where 1 represents initial state and 2 final state of the gas.

If a gas has 239L and 2.00 atm as initial state. If the final volume is 500L:

239Lₓ2.00atm =  P₂500L

239Lₓ2.00atm / 500L =  P₂

0.956atm =  P₂

It is important to note that the properties of the green gas of the sample can remain the same because the repeating groups of atoms that make up the sample have an identical quantity of atoms and an identical temperature.

Greenhouse gases are defined as gases that absorb and emit radiant energy in the thermal infrared spectrum, causing the greenhouse effect. The following according to scientific studies account for the primary or key greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the earth:

Note as well that one of the four basic forms in which matter exists is gas. A pure gas can be composed of individual atoms, elemental molecules composed of one kind of atom, or complex molecules composed of many atoms. A gas mixture, such as air, comprises a variety of pure gases.

Gas contracts when pressure is applied to it. When the pressure is discharged, expansion occurs with the gas.

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When the element comes near an atom having seven valence electrons, no reaction will occur.

The name of the element is Neon.

The electron configuration of elements shows how the total number of electrons present in the atoms of the elements are arranged in the orbitals around the nucleus.

In other words, the electron configuration of elements indicates the total number of electrons on its neutral atom, and hence the atomic number of elements.

In this case, the electron configuration is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6\). The total number of electrons is 10. Hence, the atomic number of the element is 10. The element with atomic number 10 is Neon (Ne).

Neon represents one of the inert elements on the periodic table. They possess octet electron configuration and as such, are not reactive ordinarily. Thus, if an atom of neon comes near an atom with seven valence electrons, no reaction will occur.

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Answer:

2.24g/

Explanation:

mass of water is found by getting 5he extra mass the cylinder gained after adding

100g-80g=20g - mass of water

Density of water: 1g/cm³ that means that 20g water has a volume of 20cm³

1cm³=1ml; 20cm³=20ml

volume of stone is the extra height the water gained: 45ml-20ml =

25ml

mass of stone is the extra mass now earned:

156g-100g=56g

Density of stone=mass of stone÷divide by volume of stone

56g÷25ml=

2.24g/ml

Answer:

It is a combustion reaction

Explanation:

15mg of atropine sulfate is needed to make 30ml of a 1:200 solution

To find the mass of atropine sulfate, first, the ratio should be converted into a percentage. The given ratio is 1:200

Percentage mass = (1/200) x 100

                            = 1/2%

Percentage mass = 0.5%

Let us consider the mass of atropine sulfate required to be x

Therefore,

0.5/100 ml = x / 30ml

x = (0.5/100)30

x = 0.15g

On converting 0.15g to milligrams we get,

x = 0.15 x 1000

x = 150mg

Therefore, the required mass of atropine sulfate to make 30 ml of a 1:200 solution is 150mg.

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Answer: because atoms have more protons

Explanation: just took the test

Molecular formula naphthalene is C₁₀H₈ and empirical formula naphthalene is C₅H₄

Molecular formulas tells how many atoms of each element are present in a compound whereas empirical formulas tells the simplest or reduced ratio of elements in a compound.

Given, 93.7 g of Carbon

and 6.3 g of H

In 100 g of naphthalene we have 93.7 g of Carbon  and 6.3 g of Hydrogen

So, in 128 g of naphthalene we will have:

128 . 93.7 / 100 = 120 g of C

128.  6.3 / 100 = 8 g of H

Convert mass to moles,

120 g . 1mol / 12 g = 10 moles C

8 g . 1mol/ 1g = 8 moles H

Hence, Molecular formula naphthalene becomes C₁₀H₈

and Empirical formula naphthalene  becomes C₅H₄.

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Answer:

750 g of CO₂

Explanation:

The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ —> 3CO₂ + 4H₂O

Next, we shall determine the mass of C₃H₈ that reacted and the mass of CO₂ produced from the balanced equation. This can be obtained as follow:

Molar mass of C₃H₈ = (12×3) + (8×1)

= 36 + 8 = 44 g/mol

Mass of C₃H₈ from the balanced equation = 1 × 44 = 44 g

Molar mass of CO₂ = 12 + (16×2)

= 12 + 32 = 44 g/mol

Mass of CO₂ = 3 × 44 = 132 g

SUMMARY:

From the balanced equation above,

44 g of C₃H₈ reacted to produce 132 g of CO₂.

Finally, we shall determine the mass of CO₂ produced by the reaction of 250 g of C₃H₈. This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

44 g of C₃H₈ reacted to produce 132 g of CO₂.

Therefore, 250 g of C₃H₈ will react to produce = (250 × 132)/44 = 750 g of CO₂.

Thus, 750 g of CO₂ were obtained from the reaction.

The number of grams of carbon dioxide should be 750 grams.

Since

The balanced equation for the reaction is

C₃H₈ + 5O₂ —> 3CO₂ + 4H₂O

Now

Molar mass of C₃H₈ = (12×3) + (8×1)

= 36 + 8 = 44 g/mol

Hence, Mass of C₃H₈ from the balanced equation = 1 × 44 = 44 g

Now

Molar mass of CO₂ = 12 + (16×2)

= 12 + 32 = 44 g/mol

Hence, Mass of CO₂ = 3 × 44 = 132 g

Now the no of grams should be

= (250 × 132)/44

= 750 g of CO₂.

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Answer:

-943J or 943J released

Explanation:

m=2.4 mol x 207.g/ mol=497.3g

c=.129 J/gC

T= T f-Ti=(22.5-37.2)=-14.7C

Q=?

Q=(49.3g)(.129 J/g C) (-14.7 C)

= -943 J or 943 J released

Option (d), P=ATC=MR=MC, accurately represents the long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition, reflecting the balance between price and cost for firms operating in a competitive market.

The long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition is that price (P) is equal to average total cost (ATC), which is also equal to marginal cost (MC), and marginal revenue (MR).

Option (d), P=ATC=MR=MC, best represents the long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition. In perfect competition, firms operate at the minimum point of their average total cost curve, where price equals both average total cost and marginal cost. This condition ensures that firms are earning zero economic profit and are producing at an efficient level.

In the long run, if firms are earning economic profit, new firms will enter the market, increasing competition and driving prices down. Conversely, if firms are experiencing losses, some firms may exit the market, reducing competition and causing prices to rise. This process continues until firms reach a state where price equals average total cost, marginal cost, and marginal revenue, ensuring a long-run equilibrium.

Therefore, option (d), P=ATC=MR=MC, accurately represents the long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition, reflecting the balance between price and cost for firms operating in a competitive market.

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1) The speed of the particles would increase when heated

2) The balloon would expand when heated and contract when cooled.

3) On a hot day, the pressure of the gas in a beverage increases

4) The mercury thermometer works by expanding or contracting in response to temperature change.

We know that one of the effects of temperature is that it is able change the molecular motion of an object. Thus the molecules of an object are able to move faster when heat is applied and they are able to slow down when the heat is removed.

This is why a balloon would have a greater volume when the temperature is increased as the gas molecules spread out. The volume would reduce or decrease when the temperature is reduced.

Also, on a hot day, a beverage would tend to be more fuzzy as the pressure of the gas in the beverage would increase as the temperature is increased.

Lastly, when we use the mercury thermometer, the volume of the mercury would increase and this is the reason for the expansion of the mercury during temperature measurement.

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E

θ

Cell

=

+

2.115

l

V

Cathode

Mg

2

+

/

Mg

Anode

Ni

2

+

/

Ni

Explanation:

Look up the reduction potential for each cell in question on a table of standard electrode potential like this one from Chemistry LibreTexts. [1]

Mg

2

+

(

a

q

)

+

2

l

e

−

→

Mg

(

s

)

−

E

θ

=

−

2.372

l

V

Ni

2

+

(

a

q

)

+

2

l

e

−

→

Ni

(

s

)

−

E

θ

=

−

0.257

l

V

The standard reduction potential

E

θ

resembles the electrode's strength as an oxidizing agent and equivalently its tendency to get reduced. The reduction potential of a Platinum-Hydrogen Electrode under standard conditions (

298

l

K

,

1.00

l

kPa

) is defined as

0

l

V

for reference. [2]

A cell with a high reduction potential indicates a strong oxidizing agent- vice versa for a cell with low reduction potentials.

Two half cells connected with an external circuit and a salt bridge make a galvanic cell; the half-cell with the higher

E

θ

and thus higher likelihood to be reduced will experience reduction and act as the cathode, whereas the half-cell with a lower

E

θ

will experience oxidation and act the anode.

E

θ

(

Ni

2

+

/

Ni

)

>

E

θ

(

Mg

2

+

/

Mg

)

Therefore in this galvanic cell, the

Ni

2

+

/

Ni

half-cell will experience reduction and act as the cathode and the

Mg

2

+

/

Mg

the anode.

The standard cell potential of a galvanic cell equals the standard reduction potential of the cathode minus that of the anode. That is:

E

θ

cell

=

E

θ

(

Cathode

)

−

E

θ

(

Anode

)

E

θ

cell

=

−

0.257

−

(

−

2.372

)

E

θ

cell

=

+

2.115

Indicating that connecting the two cells will generate a potential difference of

+

2.115

l

V

across the two cells.

The standard electrode potential for a galvanic cell constructed in the appropriate way from these two half-cells is,

EθCell=+2.115lV

Cathode Mg2+/Mg

Anode Ni2+/Ni

What is a galvanic cell ?

Mg2+(aq)+2le−→Mg(s)−Eθ=−2.372lV

Ni2+(aq)+2le−→Ni(s)−Eθ=−0.257lV

A galvanic cell's standard cell potential is equal to the cathode's standard reduction potential less the anode's standard reduction potential. Which is:

Eθcell=Eθ(Cathode)−Eθ(Anode)

=−0.257−(−2.372)

=+2.115

The standard electrode potential for a galvanic cell constructed in the appropriate way from these two half-cells is,

EθCell=+2.115lV

Cathode Mg2+/Mg

Anode Ni2+/Ni

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duehrneidudbeneisubebekeidbdbbe

Answer:

Take the measuring cylinder and measure its mass, in grams, as accurately as possible. Take the measuring cylinder off the balance and add the water carefully. Put the measuring cylinder back on the balance. Measure and record the new mass . Repeat the procedure,  recording the volume and total mass, until the measuring cylinder is full. Then, for each volume calculate the mass of the liquid alone.Repeat steps 1 to 3  Draw a graph of mass of liquid against volume .  Calculate the density of each liquid from the gradient of its graph line.

Explanation:

Answer:

Best  

Explanation:

physical, best, greatest.

The oxidation of toluene with potassium permanganate results in the formation of benzoic acid. The balanced equation for this reaction is: C7H8 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 → C6H5COOH + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 3H2O

a. Esterification of propanoic acid with benzyl alcohol:
To write the equation for esterification, we need to combine propanoic acid and benzyl alcohol. The reaction will produce an ester and water as byproducts. The general equation for esterification is:
Carboxylic acid + Alcohol → Ester + Water
So, the specific equation for the esterification of propanoic acid with benzyl alcohol would be:
CH3CH2COOH + C6H5CH2OH → CH3CH2COOC6H5 + H2O
b. Oxidation of toluene with potassium permanganate:
The oxidation of toluene with potassium permanganate results in the formation of benzoic acid. The balanced equation for this reaction is: C7H8 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 → C6H5COOH + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 3H2O

c. Reduction of propylcyclopentane carboxylate with lithium aluminum hydride:
To write the equation for the reduction, we need to react propylcyclopentane carboxylate with lithium aluminum hydride. The reaction will produce propylcyclopentane and lithium aluminum oxide as byproducts. The balanced equation is: CH3(CH2)2COOC5H9 + LiAlH4 → CH3(CH2)2CH2CH2CH2 + LiAlO2
d. Saponification of glyceryl tripalmitate:
The saponification of glyceryl tripalmitate involves the reaction of the triglyceride with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The reaction produces glycerol and the corresponding sodium or potassium salts of the fatty acids, also known as soap. The equation for saponification is:

C3H5(COOC15H31)3 + 3NaOH → C3H5(OH)3 + 3C15H31COONa

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Answer:

3.625g

Explanation:

The definition of a half-life is the time required for any specified property to decrease by half. Given that the question asks for the amount of grams left after 3 half-lives, not the amount of time it takes for 3 half-lives to pass, it can be assumed that it is basically asking what the final value will be when 29g is reduced by half 3 times.

This is shown by the following sequence of equations:

29/2 = 14.5 (after 1 half-life)

14.5/2 = 7.25 (after 2 half-lives)

7.25/2 = 3.625 (after 3 half-lives)

Therefore, the answer is 3.625g.

Phenolphthalein indicator turns blue in basic solutions. The given statement is false because it is commonly used to determine the pH of a solution

Phenolphthalein indicator is a chemical compound commonly used to determine the pH of a solution. It is colorless in acidic solutions (pH below 7) and turns pink or magenta in basic or alkaline solutions (pH above 7). It does not turn blue in basic solutions. Phenolphthalein's color change occurs over a narrow pH range, typically between pH 8.2 and 10.0, making it an effective indicator for titrations involving weak acids and strong bases.

There are other indicators, such as bromothymol blue or litmus paper, that change color at different pH levels, and they can be blue under specific pH conditions. However, phenolphthalein remains one of the most widely used indicators for acid-base titrations due to its distinct color change and suitability for various applications. In summary, phenolphthalein indicator turns blue in basic solutions. The given statement is false because it is commonly used to determine the pH of a solution

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Therefore, C₁₄H₁₀O₂ + NaBH₄ = C₁₄H₁₄O₂ + Na₂ + B₄ is the balanced equation for sodium borohydride reduction.

Aldehydes, ketones, or acid chlorides can be reduced using sodium borohydride when other easily reducible functional groups are present. 32 The solvents employed for the reduction are indicative of sodium borohydride's comparatively low reactivity. converts ketones and aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols. Esters, epoxides, lactones, carboxylic acids, nitro compounds, and nitriles are not reactive to sodium borohydride; nonetheless, it decreases acyl chlorides.

In chemistry, sodium borohydride is a widely used reducing agent. Its formula is NaBH4, and its constituent elements are sodium (Na), boron (B), and hydrogen (H). Since it is a safer reagent for reduction than other options, it is frequently employed in chemistry labs. NaBH4 is primarily utilised in the production of Na2S2O4 (sodium dithionite), a bleaching agent for wood pulp that is also used to convert aldehydes and ketones to alcohols, from SO2.

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Answer:

Renewable energy

Explanation:

on the other hand, typically emits less CO2 than fossil fuels. In fact, renewables like solar and wind power—apart from construction and maintenance—don't emit any CO2 at all. With renewable energy, you can breathe easier, stay cooler, and create a more comfortable world for generations to come.

Answer:

renewable energy comes from natural resources that can be replenished or replaced during an average human lifetime ; eg, Hydro, solar, wind etc.

fossil fuels can take thousands or even millions of years to naturally replenish; eg, natural gas, coal, oil.

The vapor pressure of the solution is 311.5 torr.

To find the vapor pressure of the solution, use the Raoult's Law.

Raoult's law is a thermodynamic law that relates the vapor pressure of an ideal solution to the mole fraction of the solvent and the vapor pressure of the pure solvent. It states that the vapor pressure of an ideal solution is equal to the mole fraction of the solvent multiplied by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.

Mathematically, Raoult's law can be expressed as:

P_A = X_A * P^o_A

where P_A is the vapor pressure of the solvent in the solution, X_A is the mole fraction of the solvent, P^o_A is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.

Mole fraction acetone = 5.81g/mol / (5.81g/mol + 11.9g/mol) = 0.329

Mole fraction chloroform = 11.9g/mol / (5.81g/mol + 11.9g/mol) = 0.671

Vapor Pressure of the solution = (0.329) * (345 torr) + (0.671) * (293 torr) = 311.5 torr.

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The volume of 2.00 g of helium at 2.40 atm and 28°C is approximately 1.03 L.

To calculate the volume, we first need to convert the mass of helium into moles using its molar mass, which is 4.00 g/mol. Therefore, 2.00 g of helium is equivalent to 0.50 moles.

Next, we can use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. We need to convert 28°C to Kelvin by adding 273.15, giving us a temperature of 301.15 K.

Now we can solve for V: V = (nRT)/P = (0.50 mol x 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K x 301.15 K)/2.40 atm = 1.03 L (rounded to two decimal places). Therefore, the volume of 2.00 g of helium at 2.40 atm and 28°C is approximately 1.03 L.

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