Kinins, antigens, histamines, potassium ions, prostaglandins can activate free nerve endings. Thus, option A, B, C, D, E are correct.
What is nociceptors ?
A specialized receptor in some first order neurons activated through various noxious stimuli known as nociceptors.
These receptors are unencapsulated cutaneous receptors as It is located at the free nerve endings of the primary afferent neuron.
It can be seen in the skin, muscle, joints, bone, and some brain parts.
There are different types of nociceptors such as mechanical, Chemical, Thermal, mechano-thermal nociceptors and Polymodal nociceptors.
Hence, option A,B,C,D and E are correct.
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Your question was incomplete. The probable question was
Which proteins can activate free nerve endings, such as itch receptors and nociceptors? Select all that apply.
Select one or more:
acetylcholine
histamines
prostaglandins
kinins
glucose
potassium ions
antigens
why do we need to follow the manual handling procedures and techniques?
If the part of our skin we can see is made of dead cells,
why is it painful to get a tattoo?
Answer:
Well, it’s because tattoos have to get that ink deep enough that it won’t get washed away but not too deep so it remains visible — the ideal location ends up being right next to your skin’s pain receptors.
When you get an IV at the hospital, which way will water move: into the cell or out of the cell?
Explanation:
Water moves by osmosis
Movement of water particles From high concentrate gradient to low concentration gradient according to the concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane
Question is about IV right
Answer is water moves into the cells
The water will move into the cell.
What is osmosis?Osmosis is the process by which solvent molecules move through a semi-permeable membrane from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration.
Osmosis is a passive activity that doesn't require any energy to complete. In order for the concentrations on either side of the membrane to be equal, molecules must shift from an area of greater concentration to one of lower concentration.
Any solvent, including gases and supercritical liquids, can go through the osmosis process.
When solute concentrations within and outside the cell are equal, an isotonic solution has been created.When the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than within, the solution is said to be hypertonic.When the concentration of solutes inside the cell is higher than outside, the solution is said to be hypotonic.Osmosis comes in two types:
When an object is submerged in a hypotonic solution, the solvent molecules travel into the cell, causing the cell to stiffen or go through deplasmolysis. Endosmosis is the term for this.
When a material is dissolved in a hypertonic solution, the solvent molecules travel outside the cell, causing the cell to become flaccid or go through plasmolysis. This process is known as exosmosis. Exosmosis is the term for this.
Therefore, the water will move into the cell.
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Which gas is released due to photosynthesis?
A Carbon dioxide
B Oxygen
C Nitrogen
D Methance
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
Plants take in Carbon dioxide and releases Oxygen
Warmer water due to climate change might favor harmful algae in a number of ways: ... Warmer water is easier for small organisms to move through and allows algae to float to the surface faster. Algal blooms absorb sunlight, making water even warmer and promoting more blooms.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
Actually, a warmer water is less dense than cold water. It follows that small organisms can easily move through a less dense water. Warm water allows algae to flow through it faster leading to an algal bloom facilitated by climate change.
The water will further be heated up by the fact that the increasing number of algae absorb sunlight thereby further increasing the temperature of the water. The foregoing explains the greater algal bloom in warm years.
1. Baking soda turns.............
1.turmeric red
2.purple cabbage juice green
3.red litmus blue
4.all of the above
Answer:
D) all of the above
Explanation:
Turmeric, purple cabbage juice (containing anthocyanin), and litmus paper all act as indicators which help us to detect whether a particular substance is acidic or basic.
In basic medium, turmeric changes it's colour to red, purple-cabbage juice turns to green and red litmus turns to blue.
Baking soda/Sodium carbonate Na
is basic in nature and thus causes the above changes in the indicators.
Identify the domains. Check all that apply.
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Archaea
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Eukarya
Bacteria
Explanation:
There are three domains; Archaea, Eukarya and Bacteria.
archaebacteria is an archaea domain
it is hence a domain
Answer:
Domain
Pathogen
Explanation:
#1 – How do you think giving the rabbits more space might change their population, and why?
#2 – How do you think the carrying capacity of an ecosystem with rabbits might change after a very harsh winter and a cold spring and why do you think this might happen?
#3 - Would it make sense under conditions with lots of living space for a rabbit population to go down? Why not?
#4 - If the rabbit population did go down, even though they had lots of living space, what could be a possible reason for that?
#5 – What kind of impact are human activities having on biodiversity in our oceans? Are humans having a positive effect or a negative effect? How can you tell?
#6 – If humans keep having that effect on biodiversity, what do you think will happen to animal populations in the next 100 years. Why do you think this might happen?
#7 - Are there any ways humans can have a positive effect on biodiversity in the oceans? Research this idea and tell me what you find out.
Answer:
1. Giving rabbits more space can potentially lead to an increase in their population. With more space available, rabbits have greater access to resources like food and shelter. This abundance of resources can support higher reproductive rates and survival rates among rabbits, leading to population growth.
2. After a very harsh winter and a cold spring, the carrying capacity of an ecosystem with rabbits might decrease. The harsh weather conditions can lead to a reduction in available food sources and increased mortality rates among rabbits. This would lower the carrying capacity, as the ecosystem may struggle to provide enough resources to support a large rabbit population.
3. It would not make sense for a rabbit population to go down under conditions with lots of living space. More living space typically provides rabbits with greater access to resources and reduces competition. This allows for higher reproductive rates and population growth rather than decline.
4. If the rabbit population decreased despite having lots of living space, a possible reason could be the presence of predators or diseases. Even with abundant living space, the presence of natural predators or the spread of diseases can impact rabbit populations and lead to a decline.
5. Human activities are having a negative effect on biodiversity in our oceans. Factors such as overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change are contributing to the decline of marine species and ecosystems. Decreased biodiversity and the loss of keystone species can disrupt the balance of marine ecosystems, leading to negative cascading effects.
6. If humans continue to have a negative effect on biodiversity, animal populations in the next 100 years are likely to further decline. Habitat destruction, pollution, overexploitation, and climate change will continue to exert pressure on ecosystems and species. This can lead to population declines, species extinctions, and a loss of ecological diversity.
7. Humans can have a positive effect on biodiversity in the oceans through various conservation efforts. Implementing sustainable fishing practices, establishing marine protected areas, reducing pollution and plastic waste, and promoting awareness and education about the importance of biodiversity are some ways to make a positive impact. Conservation measures can help restore and protect marine habitats, allowing animal populations to recover and thrive.
Explanation:
which of these statements about enzyme inhibitors is true?
The action of inhibitors may be both either reversible or irreversible is trues about enzyme inhibitors.
What is enzyme inhibitors?
A chemical that binds to an enzyme and inhibits its activity is termed as an enzyme inhibitor. Proteins are referred as enzymes speed up the chemical processes that turn substrate molecules into products and are essential for life. An enzyme inhibitor is what? Inhibitors of enzyme activity are chemicals that bind to the enzyme without altering the protein structure of the enzyme.
Enzyme inhibition reactions come in three different varieties.
The inhibition of competition.Inhibitive non-competition.Inhibitive Non-Competition.To know more about enzyme inhibitors visit
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What is the purpose of natural selection?
Answer:
differential survival ( more info below)
Explanation:
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to variations in phenotypes. This is a central process of evolution, a transition in the heritage characteristics characteristic of the population over centuries. Variation exists in all populations of organisms.
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Select the correct answer. what primarily determines the carrying capacity of a population? a. birthrate b. death rate c. biotic and abiotic limitations d. rate of migration e. minimal viable population
Biotic and abiotic limitations determine the carrying capacity of a population.
What is carrying capacity?Carrying capacity is defined as the maximum number of individuals that an environment can sustain without destroying the environment. It is determined by various factors such as food availability, water, and space.
So we can conclude that Biotic and abiotic limitations determine the carrying capacity of a population.
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While on the Galapagos Islands, Darwin noticed that there were a number of species of finches that he theorized descended from a common ancestor. He hypothesized that these finches became isolated on an island and adapted to fit an ecological role on that island. Which finch most likely adapted to an ecological role that involved eating nuts?
Answer.
Geozpiza magnirostris.
Explanation.
A species is a group of organisms capable of mating and producing offspring, and speciation is the process of forming a new species.
One way a new species may form is by geographic isolation. This occurs when members of a population are physically separated, for example, by a river, or a desert.
After the separation the two populations, responding to different conditions, will adapt differently, and so their evolutionary paths will
diverge
¿Cómo explicaría VAN HELMONT la aparición del moho verde en la superficie de un queso? ¿Qué nombre recibe esta teoría o es una idea? ¿Qué necesitaría para ser una TEORIA CIENTÍFICA?
Answer:
VAN HELMONT creia en le generacion espontanea, es decir que este fenomeno el lo explicaria diciendo que al dejar el queso a la intemperie a los 15 dias iban a aparecer los hongos u otros seres vivos, creyendo que el queso se transoformaba en el moho y no que el moho crece por si solo o se reproduce como especie apartada al queso como hoy en dia se cree.
Hoy en dia se considera como una idea, esta fue llamada:" generacion espontanea", fue una de las primeras ideas en el mundo de la biologia/ ciencia que luego se refutaron y descartaron con otras mas acertadas con el correr del tiempo.
Hoy en dia se considera que no es un teoria cientifica por que no esta asociada a una investigacion con evidencia certera y ademas tiene parte de contenido mistico en sus interpretaciones.
Explanation:
En la epoca en la que VAN HELMONT plantea esta idea, se consideraba que muchos maestros planteaban distintas ideas con poco armado de su argumento o hipotesis, eran mucho mas informales y con el correr del tiempo se empezo a buscar avances cientificos con mayor evidencia y teorias elaboradas.
point Field experiments have shown greater rates of primany productionin terrestrial ecosystems with many primary producer species relative to terrestrial ecosystems with just one primary producer species. False True
Field experiments have shown greater rates of primany production in terrestrial ecosystems with primary producer species relative to terrestrial ecosystems with just one primary producer species. - True
Field studies have shown that compared to ecosystems with only one primary producer species, terrestrial ecosystems with higher number of producer species typically exhibit higher rates of production. This phenomena, also referred to as biodiversity-productivity relationship, emphasises how crucial species diversity is to the production and health of ecosystems. Multiple primary producer species can result in greater resource use and niche division in an ecosystem.
As a result, resources like sunshine, water, and nutrients can be used more effectively. Each species may have unique resource needs, physiological traits, and growth tactics. As a result, an ecosystem's potential productivity is used more thoroughly. Furthermore, when faced with environmental perturbations, varied plant communities frequently show increased ecosystem stability and resilience. There is a larger chance that certain individuals or species can adapt under changing conditions, preserving or even boosting overall production, if there is a greater variety of species.
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Why is the size of a population limited to the carrying capacity of the environment?
Answer:
"Carrying capacity can be defined as a species' average population size in a particular habitat. The species population size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food, shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are not met, the population will decrease until the resource rebounds".
Answer:
Because of environmental factors.
Explanation:
What discovery did Galileo make when observing Jupiter?
Answer:
the mons of jupiter
Explanation:
define ligament, tendon, cartilage, ossification, fracture, and dislocation.
Defining the following terms ligament, tendon, cartilage, ossification, fracture, and dislocation as follows:
Ligament: A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that connects bones and often acts to stabilise and hold tissues together.
Tendon: Muscles and bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue called tendons. Tendons can join muscles to objects like the eyeball. A tendon helps a bone or other structure move.
Cartilage: Your joints and bones are protected by cartilage, a sturdy, flexible connective tissue. It serves as your body's overall shock absorber.
Ossification: The process of forming bones is called osteogenesis or bone ossification. Between the sixth and seventh weeks of embryonic development, this process starts, and it lasts until roughly age 25.
Fracture: A fracture is a break in the bone. An open or complicated fracture occurs when a shattered bone punctures the skin. Fractures are usually caused by vehicle accidents, falls, or sports injuries.
Dislocation: A dislocation occurs when two bones separate where they meet at a joint. This type of damage can be excruciatingly painful and temporarily distort and immobilise the joint. Dislocations are most commonly found in the shoulders and fingers, although they can also occur in the elbows, knees, and hips.
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Can someone help me come up with the Hypothesis and with finding out the Variables of the experiment.
Record your hypothesis as an "if, then" statement for the rate of dissolving the compounds:
Record your hypothesis as an "if, then" statement for the boiling point of the compounds:
Variables
List the independent, dependent, controlled variables of the experiment.
Materials
(Note: this is a virtual lab, no materials are needed. The items listed here are the types of items that could be used in a similar investigation. )
• a hot plate
• a thermometer
• a scale
• a measuring spoon
• water
• beakers
Procedure
Remember this is a virtual lab. You do not need to actually perform these steps, but follow along and collect the data!
1. Measure out 100 mL of water into three beakers and label them A, B, and C. Beaker C will be the control.
2. Then measure 50 grams of unknown compound A into beaker A and stir for one minute. Measure the amount of undissolved solute and record this in Table 1.
3. Then measure 50 grams of unknown compound B into beaker B and stir for one minute. Measure the amount of undissolved solute and record this in Table 1.
4. Next, we will test the boiling point of each solution. Place each beaker onto a hot plate.
5. When the solution boils, use a thermometer to record the temperature. Record the boiling point for each solution in Table 2.
Data Table 1
Record the amount of solute left after one minute of stirring.
Beaker Amount of Solute at Start (g) Amount of Solute at End (g)
Solution with Compound A 50 0g
Solution with Compound B 50 15g
Plain water in Beaker C 0 (control group) Has not changed (control group)
Data Table 2
Record the the boiling point for each solution.
Beaker Temperature at Start (ºC) Temperature at Boiling Point (ºC)
Solution with Compound A 23 102. 8 C
Solution with Compound B 23 108. 7 C
Plain water in Beaker C 23 100 C (Control Group)
Answer:
In this activity, you will complete a virtual experiment to identify the unknown compounds. Use the interactive on the assessment page to collect your data.
Pre-lab Questions:
1. What are the properties of ionic compounds? They form Crystals
2. What are the properties of covalent compounds?
3. Which type of compound is salt? They are usually Gasses
4. Which type of compound is sugar? disaccharides
Hypothesis
Record your hypothesis as an “if, then” statement for the rate of dissolving the compounds:
If I apply heat the compounds Should dissolve faster
Variables
List the independent, dependent, controlled variables of the experiment.
The independent variables of Ionic compounds are Usually liquid or gasses at room temperature.
Materials
(Note: this is a virtual lab, no materials are needed. The items listed here are the types of items that could be used in a similar investigation.)
• a hot plate
• a thermometer
• a scale
• a measuring spoon
• water
• beakers
Procedure
Remember this is a virtual lab. You do not need to actually perform these steps, but follow along and collect the data!
1. Measure out 100 mL of water into three beakers and label them A, B, and C. Beaker C will be the control.
√
2. Then measure 50 grams of unknown compound A into beaker A and stir for one minute. Measure the amount of undissolved solute and record this in Table 1.
3. Then measure 50 grams of unknown compound B into beaker B and stir for one minute. Measure the amount of undissolved solute and record this in Table 1.
4. Next, we will test the boiling point of each solution. Place each beaker onto a hot plate.
5. When the solution boils, use a thermometer to record the temperature. Record the boiling point for each solution in Table 2.
Data Table 1
Record the amount of solute left after one minute of stirring.
Beaker Amount of Solute at Start (g) Amount of Solute at End (g)
Solution with Compound A 50 0 g
Solution with Compound B 50 15 g
Plain water in Beaker C 0 (control group) 0
Data Table 2
Record the the boiling point for each solution.
Beaker Temperature at Start (ºC) Temperature at Boiling Point (ºC)
Solution with Compound A 23 102.8
Solution with Compound B 23 108.7
Plain water in Beaker C 23 100
Analysis and Conclusion
1. Which compound dissolved more easily?
Compound A
2. Which compound had the lower boiling point?
Control C
3. Are the answers to 1 and 2 the same compound? What does this tell you about the strength of the bonds in this compound?
4. Which compound is the sugar?
5. Which compound is the salt?
Explanation:
Explore all similar answers
3.3
(13 votes)
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With reference to structural features describe how pollination occurs in a named insect pollinated flower
The structural features that aid in the process of pollination in insect pollinated flowers include brightly colored petals, scent, nectar, anther, and stigma.
Pollination occurs in insect pollinated flowers through the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma. The structural features that aid in this process include:
1. Brightly colored petals: Insect pollinated flowers have brightly colored petals to attract insects to the flower.
2. Scent: Insect pollinated flowers produce a strong scent to attract insects to the flower.
3. Nectar: Insect pollinated flowers produce nectar, which is a sugary liquid that provides insects with food.
4. Anther: The anther is the male part of the flower that produces pollen grains.
5. Stigma: The stigma is the female part of the flower that receives the pollen grains.
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a student analyzes a genomic dna sequence of 100 nucleotides in order to determine if it is part of a gene. when she translates the sequence beginning with the first three nucleotides at the 5' end of one strand as a triplet, she finds that the tenth codon is taa (a stop codon). what should she (a sensible genetics student) do next?
The student should identify the sequence that should be translated into the other five reading frames.
The sequencing of a genome is not an end in and of itself. Understanding what the genome includes and how the genome works is still a very difficult task. To locate the genes and their regulatory areas, the former is handled using a mix of computer analysis and experiments. These techniques are the focus of the first section of this chapter. Understanding how the genome works are the second question, which is just another way of articulating the goals of molecular biology during the past 30 years.
Several techniques may be used to identify the genes that are present after a DNA sequence has been acquired, whether it be the sequence of a single cloned fragment or a whole chromosome.
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What were Plato's ideas on who should rule?
Answer:
Plato believed that philosophers would be the best rulers of society because they're able to understand true goodness and justice in a way that other people cannot. Because they would understand that the greatest self-benefit is living virtuously, they would act out morally and not out of self-interest.
at what age does your brain reach 90 percent of its adult weight?
Answer: Age 5.
Explanation: Incredibly, it doubles in size in the first year. It keeps growing to about 80% of adult size by age 3 and 90% – nearly full grown – by age 5. The brain is the command center of the human body.
According to neuroscience, the human brain reaches 90 percent of its adult weight at around the age of six years.
Although the brain remains to grow for several years, the vast majority of its growth occurs in the first few years of life. The growth of the brain takes place more in terms of development than in size. The increase in brain size in the early years of life is mostly because of the growth of neural connections. A child's brain continues to develop and grow over time and adolescence, however, the pace of growth decreases with age as the number of neural connections reduces.
In the first two years of life, the brain doubles in size and continues to grow rapidly until about the age of six years. The brain reaches almost its full adult size by the time a person is six years old. However, the neural connections in the brain continue to develop throughout life as the brain experiences new things and learns new skills. Thus, the human brain never stops changing, and it is capable of growing and adapting throughout the individual's lifespan.
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when a stem cell differentiates and changes in size and shape
Imagine two new volcanic islands spring up in the middle of the ocean. Each island is quickly founded by a few individuals of a species of aquatic bird that required fresh water to thrive. The two islands differ in rainfall, one wetter and one drier. Assuming that rainfall determines the carrying capacity for these birds, and that rainfall is consistent over time, what might the growth curves for the bird populations look like over many years for the two islands
The bird population on the wetter island will have an S-shaped growth curve whereas , the bird population on the drier island will have a slower growth curve.
The carrying capacity of the two islands' bird populations will be determined by rainfall. As a result, the growth curves for the bird populations will differ. The growth curve for the bird population on the wetter island will be sigmoidal (S-shaped), indicating that as resources become less limiting, the population will grow exponentially and then plateau. On the other hand, the growth curve for the bird population on the drier island will be slower and will plateau at a lower population size than that of the wetter island.
To begin with, the carrying capacity of a population refers to the maximum number of individuals in that population that can be supported by the environment. Rainfall is the limiting factor for the bird population on the two islands because it affects the freshwater supply, which is critical for the bird species to thrive. As a result, the bird population's carrying capacity on the wetter island will be greater than on the drier island, resulting in a higher population density.The growth curve of a population refers to how the population size changes over time. Sigmoid growth curves are characteristic of populations that have unlimited resources, meaning that the environment is not limiting population growth. As a result, the bird population on the wetter island will have an S-shaped growth curve because the rainfall is more plentiful, allowing the bird population to thrive and grow exponentially.
As a result, the bird population will reach its carrying capacity quickly, and its growth rate will slow down. On the other hand, the bird population on the drier island will have a slower growth curve, with a lower carrying capacity. This is because the population is constrained by the environment, and as a result, the population size will be smaller, and the growth rate will be slower.
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The growth curves for the bird populations on the two islands would likely show different patterns due to the difference in rainfall.
How would growth be different in the two islands?On the wetter island, where there is abundant rainfall, the availability of freshwater would be plentiful. This would create favorable conditions, therefore, the growth curve for the bird population on this island would likely show a rapid initially, eventually reaching a stable population size.
On the drier island, where rainfall is limited, the availability of freshwater would be scarce. This would create more challenging conditions for the bird population. The growth rate may be constrained, leading to a slower overall growth rate compared to the wetter island.
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For pea plants, yellow seeds (Y) are dominant and green seeds (y) are recessive. Imagine that you had a plant resulting from a yellow seed and you wanted to know if the plant was homozygous (YY) or heterozygous (Yy). Imagine you crossed this plant with unknown genotype to a plant originating from a green seed. Which term best (most specifically) describes this cross?
The term that best describes this cross is a "test cross."
The question is about crossing a pea plant with unknown genotype (yellow seed) and a plant with a known genotype (green seed) to determine if the yellow-seeded plant is homozygous (YY) or heterozygous (Yy).
A test cross is performed by crossing an individual with an unknown genotype, in this case the yellow-seeded plant, with an individual that is homozygous recessive for the trait being studied, which in this case is the green-seeded plant (yy).
This allows you to determine the genotype of the unknown individual based on the offspring's phenotypes. If all offspring have yellow seeds, then the unknown genotype is likely homozygous dominant (YY), but if some offspring have green seeds, then the unknown genotype is heterozygous (Yy).
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In the space below, draw a model of diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport (draw the definition). Include an example of an appropriate compound for each figure. Active Transport Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion
Diffusion is the passive transfer of molecules along a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equalised.
Diffusion is a natural process in which molecules or particles spread out until they are uniformly distributed by moving from a region of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Brownian motion, which causes this to happen, is a result of the molecules' haphazard motion. All states of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases, undergo diffusion. Diffusion is essential for the transfer of nutrients and waste materials across cell membranes as well as processes like respiration, where oxygen diffuses into cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Many non-biological processes, such as the spread of a dye in water or the diffusion of aroma in a space, exhibit diffusion.
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hep asap will give brainliest
Answer:
A Punnett Square is a helpful tool that helps to predict the variations and probabilities that can come from cross breeding. This includes predicting crossing plants, animals, even humans with each other for the first one.
cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia for the second one.
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Which of the following is/are examples of a mutant hunt that would best be done using a selection instead of screen? (Check all that are correct). O Fruitflies with curly wings Yeast resistant to the fungal antibiotic, nocodazole E. coli that require tryptophan to grow
The E. coli that require tryptophan to grow is an example of a mutant hunt that would best be done using a selection instead of screen.
In a selection, the conditions are designed to favor the growth or survival of specific mutants while inhibiting or preventing the growth of non-mutants. In this case, E. coli that require tryptophan to grow would be selected in a medium lacking tryptophan. Only the mutants that have undergone a genetic change, resulting in the loss of tryptophan biosynthesis ability, would be able to survive and grow in the selective condition.
The other examples mentioned, fruitflies with curly wings and yeast resistant to the fungal antibiotic nocodazole, are more suitable for a screen rather than a selection. In a screen, a large number of mutants are generated or collected and then individually analyzed or screened for the specific phenotype of interest. For example, fruitflies with curly wings would need to be individually examined or screened for the presence of the curly wing phenotype, and yeast resistant to nocodazole would need to be tested individually for resistance to the antibiotic.
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In mice, the ability to run normally is dominant and are called running
mice. The recessive trait causes the mice to run in circles and are called
waltzing mice. Black hair is dominant over brown hair. Cross a waltzing
brown mouse with a waltzing brown mouse. What is the phenotype of
the offfspring?
Answer:
wertyuiop
Explanation:
Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the principle of superposition?
1. The principle of superposition has helped geologists to create the geologic time scale.
2. The principle of superposition is a way to determine in numbers of years how old a rock is.
3. The principle of superposition can be illustrated with the layers of a cake or a sandwich.
4. The principle of superposition tells us that, in a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rocks, the youngest rocks are on the top and the oldest rocks are on the bottom.
Statement 2, "The principle of superposition is a way to determine in numbers of years how old a rock is," does not apply to the principle of superposition.
The principle of superposition is a fundamental concept in geology. This principle is based on the understanding that sedimentary layers are deposited sequentially over time, with each new layer forming on top of the previous layers.
However, the principle of superposition does not directly provide a way to determine the numerical age of a rock in years. Instead, it establishes the relative ages of rocks within a given sequence. To assign numerical ages to rocks, geologists rely on additional dating methods, such as radiometric dating, which involves measuring the ratio of isotopes in a rock sample to estimate its age.
Statement 1 is accurate because the principle of superposition has indeed assisted geologists in developing the geologic time scale, which provides a chronological framework for Earth's history based on the relative ages of rocks.
Statement 3 is also valid as the principle of superposition can be illustrated using the layers of a cake or a sandwich, demonstrating the concept of younger layers being on top of older layers.
Statement 4 correctly summarizes the principle of superposition, emphasizing that, in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks, the youngest rocks are on top, while the oldest rocks are at the bottom.
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