which protein complex co-ordinates communication between enhancers and promoters of genes

Answers

Answer 1

The protein complex that coordinates communication between enhancers and promoters of genes is called Mediator.

Mediator is a large multiprotein complex that acts as a bridge between transcriptional activators bound to enhancer regions and the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery bound to the promoter regions of genes.

Mediator helps to facilitate the interaction between enhancer-bound transcription factors and the general transcription factors bound to the promoter, thereby promoting efficient transcriptional initiation.

Mediator also plays a role in controlling the rate and timing of transcriptional elongation, and in regulating the activity of RNA polymerase II throughout the transcription cycle.

Dysfunction of Mediator has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer and developmental disorders.

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Answer 2

The Mediator complex coordinates communication between enhancers and promoters of genes.

How does Mediator complex coordinate communication between enhancers and promoters of genes?

The protein complex that coordinates communication between enhancers and promoters of genes is called the Mediator complex.

The Mediator complex is a large, multi-subunit protein complex that acts as a bridge between transcription factors bound to enhancer sequences and RNA polymerase II bound to promoter sequences. It helps to recruit RNA polymerase II to the promoter and also facilitates the interaction between the transcription factors and RNA polymerase II, allowing for the efficient transcription of genes.

The Mediator complex is a key regulator of gene expression and plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes, including development, differentiation, and disease. Dysfunction or dysregulation of the Mediator complex has been implicated in a range of human diseases, including cancer, developmental disorders, and metabolic diseas

The Mediator complex is a highly conserved protein complex, meaning that it is present in many different organisms, from yeast to humans. It consists of approximately 30 subunits, which are organized into three main modules: the head, middle, and tail. The head module interacts with RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the promoter, while the middle and tail modules interact with transcription factors bound to enhancers.

The Mediator complex also has a regulatory role in transcription. It can promote or inhibit gene expression depending on the context and the specific subunits involved. For example, certain subunits of the Mediator complex have been shown to promote the expression of genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, while others have been shown to inhibit the expression of genes involved in inflammation.

Mutations or dysregulation of Mediator subunits have been implicated in a number of human diseases. For example, mutations in the MED12 subunit of the Mediator complex have been linked to a variety of developmental disorders, including Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome and Lujan-Fryns syndrome. Dysregulation of the Mediator complex has also been implicated in cancer, as it can promote the expression of genes that drive tumor growth and metastasis.

Overall, the Mediator complex plays a critical role in coordinating the communication between enhancers and promoters of genes, and in regulating gene expression in a variety of biological processes. Its importance in human health and disease underscores the need for further research into its function and regulation.


Related Questions

what is the kilocalorie (kcal) value of a meal supplying 100 g of carbohydrate, 25 g of protein, and 10 g of fat?

Answers

The kilocalorie (kcal) value of the meal supplying 100 g of carbohydrate, 25 g of protein, and 10 g of fat is 590 kcal.

To calculate the kilocalorie (kcal) value of a meal, you need to know the energy content of each macronutrient. Here are the energy values per gram for each macronutrient:

- Carbohydrate: 4 kcal/g

- Protein: 4 kcal/g

- Fat: 9 kcal/g

To find the total energy content of the meal, you can multiply the grams of each macronutrient by their respective energy values and then sum them up. Let's calculate it:

Energy from carbohydrates = 100 g * 4 kcal/g = 400 kcal

Energy from protein = 25 g * 4 kcal/g = 100 kcal

Energy from fat = 10 g * 9 kcal/g = 90 kcal

Total energy content of the meal = Energy from carbohydrates + Energy from protein + Energy from fat

                                = 400 kcal + 100 kcal + 90 kcal

                                = 590 kcal

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Cytosine and Thymine are chemically this type of nitrogenous base?

A. Purine
B. Pyrimidine
C. Protein
D. Nucleotide

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Nitrogenous bases present in the DNA can be grouped into two categories: purines (Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)), and pyrimidine (Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T)). These nitrogenous bases are attached to C1' of deoxyribose through a glycosidic bond.

main event of glycolysis?

Answers

The first phase of glycolysis requires energy, while the second phase completes the conversion to pyruvate and produces ATP and NADH for the cell to use for energy. Overall, the process of glycolysis produces a net gain of two pyruvate molecules, two ATP molecules, and two NADH molecules for the cell to use for energy.

Which of the following is an example of a glacial formation?A. methane degradationB. photosynthesisC. photolysisD. Weathering of rocks

Answers

The answer is D. Weathering of rocks.

The other options have nothing to do with glacial formation, rocks can be weathered as a result of the preassure of ice over them, eroding the underlying rock by abrasion and plucking.

What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles and cell components? peroxisome rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) lysosome Golgi apparatus

Answers

The organelle that degrades old, worn-out organelles and cell components is the lysosome. Peroxisome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus have other important cellular functions.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. They are formed by the Golgi apparatus and contain acidic hydrolases that are activated in the acidic environment of the lysosome. Lysosomes play a crucial role in the degradation and recycling of cellular waste, including organelles that are no longer functional. They fuse with other organelles, such as mitochondria and peroxisomes, to break down their contents and recycle them.

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What is the function of a lipid?
Long Term Energy
Short Term Energy
Transfer of Genetic DNA
Growth and Development

Answers

Answer:

long term energy

Explanation:

choose the term that indicates a disease of the ovary

Answers

The term that indicates a disease of the ovary is ovarian disease.

Ovarian disease is any disease or disorder that affects the ovaries, which are a part of the female reproductive system. Ovarian disorders can lead to various reproductive health problems, such as infertility, and can be characterized by a wide range of symptoms, including pain in the pelvis or abdomen, irregular periods, and heavy bleeding.Ovarian diseases include ovarian cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian cysts, and ovarian torsion. Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the ovaries and can spread to other parts of the body.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder that causes enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form in or on the surface of the ovaries. Ovarian torsion is a rare condition that occurs when the ovary twists around the ligaments that support it, which can cause severe pain and damage to the ovary.If you think you have an ovarian disease, you should speak to a healthcare provider. They can perform a physical exam, run diagnostic tests, and recommend appropriate treatment options.

Treatment for ovarian disease may include medication, surgery, or other interventions, depending on the underlying cause of the condition.

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What is erosion? use text to explain.

Answers

Erosion is a process where natural forces like water, wind, ice, and gravity transport rocks and soil. It is a geological process, and part of the rock cycle. Erosion occurs at the Earth's surface, and has no effect on the Earth's mantle and core. ... Erosion can be caused by natural elements such as wind and ice.

History taking is key part of each initial consultation. Which of the following is NOT typically included?


How the animal is behaving


What tests are going to be carried out


What the symptoms are


How the animal is eating and drinking


What treatments they are receiving (including non-prescribed)

Answers

Answer:

what test are going to be carried out

How does albedo relate to the reflectivity of an object?

Answers

Answer:

 Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of an object. Albedo is calculated as the ratio of the amount of radiation (usually sunlight) reflected by the object to the amount of radiation that strikes it.

Explanation:

The pedigree diagram shows how a dominant trait is inherited in a family. The red circle and squares show family members with the trait.​

The pedigree diagram shows how a dominant trait is inherited in a family. The red circle and squares

Answers

Answer:

B. if both of the parents have it then most likely they have it too, they might not show it but they can carry it

You want to determine whether short wings in fruit flies are the result of a dominant or recessive mutation. You cross a short-winged fly stock with a long-winged fly stock (which is considered to be wild type or / ). The progeny have a 1:1 ratio of short to long wings. You then allow the F1 short-winged flies to mate. The F2 progeny have a phenotypic ratio of 3:1 short to long wings. Short wings are likely the result of:

Answers

Answer:

a dominant mutation

Explanation:

A monohybrid testcross is a cross-breeding experiment used to determine if an individual exhibiting a dominant phenotype is homo-zygous dominant or heterozygous for a particular phenotypic trait (in this case, wing length). In a monohybrid testcross, a 1:1 phenotypic ratio shows that the dominant parental phenotype was a heterozygote for a single gene that has complete dominance. Moreover, a 3:1 ratio in the F2 is expected of a cross between heterozygous F1 individuals, which means that 75% of individuals with short wings have the dominant allele that masks the expression of the long-wing trait (i.e. the recessive allele).

. Which is a likely location for primary succession? grassy hillside newly mowed field forest floor large boulder

Answers

Answer:

A likely location primary succession is a large Boulder.

Explanation:

primary succession begins on Rock formations, such as volcanoes on mountains, or in a place with no organisms or soil.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanoreceptor?
A. Meissner's corpuscles
B. Ruffini endings
C. Merkel cells
D. red corpuscles
E. Pacinian corpuscles

Answers

Answer:

D. Red corpuscles (also known as red blood cells) are not an example of a mechanoreceptor.

Explanation:

They are specialized cells in the blood that carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Mechanoreceptors are sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli such as pressure, vibration, and stretch. The other options listed (Meissner's corpuscles, Ruffini endings, Merkel cells, and Pacinian corpuscles) are all examples of mechanoreceptors.
D red corpuscles is the correct answer

Which of the following most accurately describes most scientists' current understanding of the evolution of humans?
A: Humans have not evolved.
B: Humans, chimpanzees, and other primates share a common ancestor.
C: Gorillas evolved from humans and chimpanzees.
D. Humans evolved from gorillas and other primates.

Answers

Answer:

B: Humans, chimpanzees, and other primates share a common ancestor.

Explanation:

According to the theory of evolution, organisms of a particular species change in their characteristics over several generations because of the process of natural selection. The idea of evolution derives from the fact that all species are related and gradually change over time.

Species which are somewhat related all share a common ancestor. Hence, humans, chimpanzees, and other primates all share a common ancestor.

What is natural selection? Describe the peppered moths example of natural selection. NO LINKS PLEASE

Answers

Natural selection is the mechanism by which beneficial alleles rise in frequency in the population over time.

The peppered moth is an example of natural selection acting to change the frequency of a certain trait in the population over time. During the Industrial Revolution, there was a directional change in the color of the peppered moth population around Manchester. That is, there was an increase in the frequency of dark colored peppered moths within the population. This was because the increased air pollution due to the industrial revolution created a situation where the dark colored version of the peppered moths had a higher relative fitness than the light colored peppered moths (which were the traditional variety). After pollution was reduced later on, there was a increase in frequency of light colored moths, as the dark colored moths no longer received a relative fitness benefit from their dark coloration.

formula of surface area of cube

Answers

Answer:

A=6a^2

Explanation:

Answer:

2h( lb+bh+lh)

Explanation:

it's the answer wher h means height l means length and b means breadth

DNA Never leaves the Nucleus of the cell. This is why you need RNA. In Transcription, DNA is
transcribed into a strand of RNA.
DNA has Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
RNA has Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine
Transcription of DNA to RNA
ATGCCTAAGCCGTGTCCGAT

Answers

Answer:

Transcription and translation are the processes by which cells read or express the genetic instructions encoded in their DNA. Because multiple identical RNA copies may be produced from the same gene, and each RNA molecule can drive the creation of many similar protein molecules, cells can swiftly create a vast amount of protein when needed. However, each gene may be transcribed and translated with varying degrees of effectiveness, allowing the cell to produce massive amounts of some proteins while producing minute amounts of others (Figure 6-3). Furthermore, as we will learn in the following chapter, a cell may adjust (or regulate) the expression of each of its genes based on the demands of the moment—most visibly by managing RNA synthesis.

Hair grows in__________

Answers

Answer:

Hair grows in follicles

Answer:

Explanation:

follicicles

Which of the following best explains why what we know about cells is called a theory and not a law? (4 points) a We do not have enough evidence yet to call cell theory a law. b We have not reviewed cell behavior enough yet to call it a law. c Cell theory is still changing but may eventually become a law. d Cell theory explains cell behavior where a law would describe it.

Answers

Cell theory explains cell behavior where a law would describe it explains about cells is called a theory and not a law.

What do you mean by cell theory?

Cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Everything that lives is made up of cells. The second part of cell theory was that new cells are formed from preexisting cells. The third part is that all cells are similar. Finally, cells are the most basic units of life.

The cell theory, or cell doctrine, states that all organisms are composed of similar units of organization, called cells. The concept was formally articulated in 1839 by Schleiden & Schwann and has remained as the foundation of modern biology.

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Oak trees have the ability to make their own food. Their cells contain structures
that capture energy from the sun. What are these structures? *

Answers

Answer:

chloroplasts

Explanation:

It is found in cellular structures in certain plant cells. These are usually found in the leaves of plants. It is the chlorophyll in the leaves of plants that gives them their green color.

The food that is plants are able to produce own food. The plants are able to synthesize the food through the process of the photosynthesis and are synthesized in the chloroplasts.

What is the end product of the photosynthesis ?

It is the glucose that is prepared by the plants in the metabolism.

Chloroplasts are the organelles which are there  within the cells of plants and the algae that is site of the  photosynthesis  which is process through  the energy from sun is changed into the chemical energy for the growth. Chloroplasts are responsible for biosynthesis of  the active compounds as amino acids , phytohormones , nucleotides , vitamins,  lipids and secondary metabolites

A chloroplast is the organelle through the cells of plants and certain algae that is the site of photosynthesis, which is the process by which energy from the Sun is converted into chemical energy for growth.

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What is the best method for describing and mapping terrestrial biomes? Biome Metric System (BMS) There's no standardized method, so the best method is to evaluate climatic conditions and the dominant form of vegetation International System of Biomes (ISB) Universal Biome System (UBS) There's no standardized method, so the best method is to evaluate human uses and valuation of the area

Answers

The best method for describing and mapping terrestrial biomes typically involves evaluating climatic conditions and the dominant form of vegetation. This approach is widely used and forms the basis for various classification systems, including the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system and the Holdridge life zone classification system. These systems consider factors such as temperature, precipitation, and vegetation types to classify and map different biomes.

While there is no universally standardized method for describing and mapping biomes, the evaluation of climatic conditions and vegetation provides a robust and scientifically grounded approach. It allows for the identification of distinct biomes based on their ecological characteristics and helps understand the distribution of different biomes across the Earth's surface.

Other approaches, such as the International System of Biomes (ISB) or Universal Biome System (UBS), may incorporate additional factors or emphasize human uses and valuation of the area. These approaches may be more focused on human perspectives or conservation priorities rather than purely ecological considerations. However, when it comes to a scientific understanding of biomes, evaluating climatic conditions and vegetation remain key factors.

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The sum of a number and two is equal to negative seven. Translate this sentence to an equation and then find the number. 5 -5 9 -9

Answers

Answer:

x+2=-7. -9

Explanation:

x+2=-7

-2. -2

x=-9

the importance of stem cells is that they are differentiated and can become..

Answers

The importance of stem cells is that they are differentiated and can become daughter cells.

Why are stem cells important in differentiation?

Stem cells have the potential to serve as the foundation of treatments for a wide range of illnesses due to their capacity to develop into almost any type of cell in the body. Standardized methods for stem cell cultivation and differentiation will be created as research advances.

In the body, stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. They act as the body's system for repairs. Adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells are the two primary categories of stem cells.

Therefore, one can say that daughter cells are created when stem cells divide properly in the body or a lab to create more cells. These daughter cells either differentiate into more stem cells or into cells with a more focused purpose.

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What kind of adaptation are the quills on a porcupine? A)physiological B) structural C) behavioral

Answers

The correct option is B.

B) Structural.

The animals' vital protection needs are met by porcupine quills. Porcupines defend themselves by thrusting their sharp, painful quills in the direction of their adversaries when they are in danger. Although their quills are typically flattened against them, scared porcupines' quills immediately protrude. Porcupines have evolved to turn their backs on predators and elevate their quills to make them more visible to their faces. Due of their delicate noses, many pet dogs have fell for this prank and gotten too close. The porcupine's physical modifications enable it to live in its environment. Animals with adaptive features are better able to acquire food, build a safer home, avoid predators, tolerate extremes of cold or heat, or go without water. 

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The three-toed sloths of Amazon rain forest ecosystems have adapted digestive systems that can digest a wide variety of forest plants. Also, the digestive systems of individual sloths are unique, allowing each sloth to consume a diet that is different from neighboring sloths. Compose a four to five sentence paragraph that justifies the behavioral survival advantages sloths have evolved as a result of adaptations of their digestive system. Be sure to include the terms competitive behavior, dominance hierarchies, territorial behaviors, foraging behaviors, and migratory behaviors in your response.

Answers

The basic digestive system of sloths is multi-chambered like ruminants and also contains cellulase producing bacteria that help to digest leaves.  However, the sloths of Amazon forest evolved as competitive behavior.

Competitive behavior of the three-toed sloths of Amazon have led to adaptation to achieve dominance hierarchies towards better distribution of food than the neighboring species of sloths. Naturally, better digestion, will allow these sloths to co-evolve with better foraging behaviors and territorial behavior for protection from enemies.

To conclude, it can be clearly pointed out that evolving the digestive system to digest a variety of diets, will give the three toed Amazonian sloths, a better migratory behavior advantage to evolve into better communities.

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Is eclogite a mineral or a rock?

Answers

Answer:

yea

Explanation:

Eclogite, any member of a small group of igneous and metamorphic rocks whose composition is similar to that of basalt. Eclogites consist primarily of green pyroxene (omphacite) and red garnet (pyrope), with small amounts of various other stable minerals—e.g., rutile.

From google btw

Is the following sentence true or false? An average Star spends 90 percent of its life as a helium-burning main-sequence star.
Please help

Answers

Answer: The answer is True!

Explanation: I have my ways ;>

Answer:

true

hope you like it

what is the probability 4 or more people will have to be tested before 2 with the gene are detected?

Answers

To determine the probability we need to consider the concept of the binomial distribution.

Let's assume that the probability of an individual having the gene is denoted as "p" and the probability of an individual not having the gene is denoted as "q" (where q = 1 - p).

We also assume that each person's test result is independent of others.

We want to find the probability of 0, 1, 2, or 3 people being tested before two with the gene are detected.

The formula to calculate the probability of x successes in n trials, where the probability of success is p, is given by:

P(X = x) = (nCx) * p^x * q^(n-x)

Where nCx represents the number of combinations of n items taken x at a time.

Sum up these probabilities

P(0 or 1 or 2 or 3) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)

Once we have this probability, we subtract it from 1

P(4 or more) = 1 - P(0 or 1 or 2 or 3)

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If you can continuously eat without feeling full, what hormone
might a human be in deficit of?
1. Glucose
2. Neuropeptide Y
3. Testosterone
4. Glucagon
5. PYY
6. Leptin

Answers

If a human can continuously eat without feeling full, they might be in deficit of the hormone leptin, option 6 is correct.

Leptin is primarily produced by fat cells and acts as a satiety hormone, signaling to the brain that the body has sufficient energy stores. It helps regulate appetite and energy balance by suppressing hunger and increasing energy expenditure. When leptin levels are low or the body becomes resistant to its effects, the brain doesn't receive the signal that the body is satiated, leading to excessive food intake and a lack of feeling full.

While the other hormones listed, such as glucose, neuropeptide Y, testosterone, glucagon, and PYY, may play a role in appetite regulation and energy balance, leptin is specifically associated with signaling fullness and satiety. Its deficiency or resistance can disrupt the normal feedback loop between the body and the brain, resulting in continuous eating without feeling satisfied, option 6 is correct.

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Select all the correct answers. which three factors decrease because of protectionism? competition job security domestic production goodwill with trade partners importation of goods If the cost of 6 sandwiches and 4 drinks is $53 how much is one drink Sierra was meeting with board members of the league of women voters and was aware from previous meetings that all the female board members wore dresses to meetings. Sierra normally wore pantsuits to work, or dress pants and a blouse, but on this day, sierra wore a dress. Sierra is exhibiting. In what current country is most of ancient mesopotamia located. charlie runs laps around a track. the table shows how long it takes him to run different numbers of laps. how long would it take charile tto run 5 laps laps-2,4,6,8,10 time-6,12,18,24,30pls help Imogen bought number of invitations A bag contains 5 green marbles, 7 yellow marbles, 4 blue marbles, 6 pink marbles, and 3 purple marbles. If two marbles are chosen without replacement, find the probability of choosing a yellow marble, then another yellow marble. Give your answer as a fraction in simplest form. The following graph shows the supply curve for a group of students looking to sell used smartphones. Each student has only one used smartphone to sell. Each rectangular segment under the supply curve represents the cost, or minimum acceptable price, for one student. Assume that anyone who has a cost just equal to the market price is willing to sell his or her used smartphone.1. Region A (the purple shaded area) represents the total producer surplus when the market price is (Blank) , while Region B (the grey shaded area) represents the change in total producer surplus when the market price changes from $100 to $140 .In the following table, indicate which statements are true or false based on the information provided on the previous graph.2. Assuming each student receives a positive surplus, Sam will always receive less producer surplus than Teresa. (True or False) 3. .Producer surplus is smaller when the price is $140 than when it is $100. (True or False)3. In order for Beth to earn a producer surplus of exactly $60 from selling a used smartphone, the market price needs to be (Blank) Order the following rational numbers from greatest to least. 2.5, 0.3, -4.5, -2.9, 4.3, -6.2, -1.4, 5.3, -3.5, 1.8 * What mass (g) of CaCl2 are needed to make 1L of a 3M CaCl2 solution?87.5g100.52g332.94g 9g A bond that trades at a discount has a built-in gain at maturity. a. because the bond's principal is equal to its current price b.because the bond's principal is less than its current price c. because the bond's principal is more than its current price Every day a new puzzle is downloaded into Ken's account. Right now, there are 27 puzzles in his account. The function N ( d ) = 27 + d represents the relation between the number of puzzles, N , and the time, d , measured in days. Help!!!!!! See image. Which events causes tides? Compute the first derivative of the function f(x) = x 3x + 1 at the point x0 = 2 using 5 point formula with h=5.What is the differentiation error? The location of the sewer and water mains and the location of the building on the property is shown on theplot planutility easementsfoundation plan Describe the steps of the experiment (scientific) method Assume that a company gets a tons of steel from one provider, and y tons from another one. Assume that the profit made is then given by the functionP(x, y) = 9x+8y 6(x + y).The first provider can provide at most 5 tons, and the second one at most 3 tons. Finally, in order not to antagonize the first provider, it was felt it should not provide too small a fraction, so that x 2(y-1).1. Does P have critical points?2. Draw the domain of P in the xy-plane.3. Describe each boundary in terms of only one variable, and give the corresponding range of that variable, for instance "(x, x) for x = [1, 2]". There can be different choices. Which of the statements best describes why the aggregate demand curve is downward sloping?. If a male that is colorblind has children with a female that is homozygous for normal sight, what percentage of their daughters will be carriers?