Which of these scenarios describes bottom-up control of community structure? Overhunting of sea otters triggered a trophic cascade in kelp forest communities Reintroduction of wolves to the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem led to a decrease in elk populations and an increase in populations of trees eaten by elk such as aspen, Willow, and cottonwood Extreme warming causes photosynthetic protists to be expelled from coral animals, resulting in coral bleaching The subsequent death of the coral has devastating effects on the coral reef community Removal of the sea star Pisaster ochraceus from rocky intertidal communities in the Pacific NW reduced community diversity, as the mussel M calfominus released from sea star predation overgrew the intertidal region Submit
Answers
The scenario which describes bottom-up control of community structure is "Extreme warming causes photosynthetic protists to be expelled from coral animals, resulting in coral bleaching."
Bottom-up control refers to the control of a community or ecosystem by nutrient availability or primary productivity. This form of control starts with the bottom trophic levels, such as producers and herbivores, and works its way up the food chain to the top trophic levels, such as predators.
Overhunting of sea otters triggered a trophic cascade in kelp forest communities - This scenario explains top-down control of the community structure.
Reintroduction of wolves to the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem led to a decrease in elk populations and an increase in populations of trees eaten by elk such as aspen, Willow, and cottonwood - This scenario also explains top-down control of the community structure.
Extreme warming causes photosynthetic protists to be expelled from coral animals, resulting in coral bleaching - This scenario explains bottom-up control of the community structure.
The subsequent death of the coral has devastating effects on the coral reef community - This scenario is the result of the bottom-up control of the community structure due to coral bleaching.
Removal of the sea star Pisaster ochraceus from rocky intertidal communities in the Pacific NW reduced community diversity, as the mussel M calfominus released from sea star predation overgrew the intertidal region - This scenario explains top-down control of the community structure.
Learn more about Bottom-up control here: https://brainly.com/question/28159329
#SPJ11
Related Questions
Which of these is NOT a digestive enzyme?
lipase, protease, catalase, amylase
Answers
Answer: Which of these is NOT a digestive enzyme?
C. catalase
Explanation: The enzyme that is NOT a digestive enzyme is catalase.
Enzymes are proteins that help facilitate chemical reactions in the body. Digestive enzymes specifically help break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
Let's go through each of the enzymes mentioned:
1. Lipase: Lipase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down fats into smaller molecules called fatty acids and glycerol. This allows the body to absorb and utilize the fats we consume in our diet.
2. Protease: Protease is a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller molecules called amino acids. This is important because amino acids are essential for building and repairing tissues in the body.
3. Catalase: Although catalase is an enzyme, it is not involved in the process of digestion. Instead, it plays a role in protecting cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide by converting it into water and oxygen.
4. Amylase: Amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates, specifically starches, into smaller molecules like glucose. This allows the body to absorb and utilize the energy stored in carbohydrates.
Learn more about digest enzymes here: https://brainly.com/question/30312574.
Fossil fuels, like the gas we put into our
cars, comes from:
Answers
Table 2: Translation of mRNA molecules
tRNA
Amino
Codons
Anticodons
Acids
AUG
(start)
Number of Water Molecules
Produced
Steps of Building a Protein:
1.
2.
on WN-
I
4.
5.
Answers
The translation is one of the important processes of the central dogma, in which the messenger RNA molecule is decoded in a ribosome.
The answer can be given as:
tRNA Anticodons - UAC Amino Acids- methionine Number of Water Molecules Produced -0In the translation, the mRNA sequence is decoded to produce the anticodons within the ribosomes. The translation of amino acids starts with the starting code AUG. The tRNA anticodon complementary to the mRNA will produce UAC.
In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil, which is complementary to adenine. Thus, the UAC codes for methionine will be formed.
To know more about translation, refer to the following link:
https://brainly.com/question/17485121
what sequences of bases would pair with GTACG
Answers
Answer:
CATGC
Explanation:
There are four bases in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) and they form base pairs. A pairs with T and C pairs with G.
Which mutation will have a greater effect on the resulting protein: an insertion or a substitution and why?
An insertion because it will cause a frameshift.
A substitution because it will cause a frameshift.
An insertion because it only affects one codon.
A substitution because it only affects one codon.
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
What evidence suppoarts a conservation law?
a.6 Co2 -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
b.6 Co2 + 6 H2O + light -> C6H12O6
c.6 H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
d.6 Co2 -> 3 C6H12O6 + 3 O2
Answers
Answer: a.6 Co2 -> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Explanation:
A zygote (the cell formed when an egg and a sperm cell initially fuse) is:
A) multipotent
B) pluripotent
C) totipotent
D) omnipotent
Answers
Answer: https://rb.gy/rb1nlh copy that into search browser
Explanation:
1. How will photosynthesis affect oxygen levels?
Answers
Answer:
Raises O₂ levels
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that occurs within plants in the chloroplasts, using CO₂ and water to produce O₂ and glucose:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
why do you think meteors leave a trail of light as they move through the sky?
Answers
Answer:
When a meteoroid, comet, or asteroid enters Earth's atmosphere, aerodynamic heating of that object produces a streak of light, both from the glowing object and the trail of glowing particles that it leaves in its wake.
Hope that helps, and sorry if it's wrong!
Explanation:
lants of the lycopodiophyta have sporangia are produced on the upper surface of modified leaves called
Answers
The Plants of the lycopodiophyta have sporangia are produced on the upper surface of modified leaves called sporophylls
Plants belonging to the Lycopodiophyta group, also known as the clubmosses or ground pines, exhibit a distinct reproductive structure. These plants produce sporangia, which are specialized structures that contain spores. In Lycopodiophyta, the sporangia are specifically formed on the upper surface of modified leaves. These modified leaves are called sporophylls or sporangiophores.
The sporangia play a crucial role in the reproduction of Lycopodiophyta plants. Inside the sporangia, spore mother cells undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. These spores are then released into the environment, where they can germinate and develop into new individuals.
By producing sporangia on the upper surface of modified leaves, Lycopodiophyta plants ensure efficient dispersal of spores reproduction. The placement of sporangia on leaves allows for better exposure to air currents, facilitating spore dispersal over wider areas. This adaptation increases the chances of successful colonization and reproduction for Lycopodiophyta plants.
Learn more about reproduction here
https://brainly.com/question/32505726
#SPJ11
The complete question is
Plants of the lycopodiophyta have sporangia are produced on the upper surface of modified leaves called?
RNA molecules can both carry genetic information and be catalytic. This supports the proposal that: A. protobionts had an RNA membrane B. RNA is a polymer of amino acids C. RNA could make energy D. free nucleotides would not have been necessary ingredients in the synthesis of new RNA molecules E. RNA was the first hereditary information
Answers
RNA molecules can both carry genetic information and be catalytic. This supports the proposal that RNA was the first hereditary information. The correct option is E.
RNA molecules can both carry genetic information and act as enzymes (ribozymes), catalyzing chemical reactions in cells. This discovery led to the hypothesis that RNA was the first molecule to carry genetic information and perform enzymatic functions in the early stages of life on Earth.
This hypothesis, known as the RNA world hypothesis, suggests that RNA molecules were the precursors to the first living cells. In this scenario, RNA served as both the genetic material and the catalytic agent in the primitive metabolism of protocells.
Over time, RNA molecules evolved into more complex structures, eventually leading to the development of DNA and proteins. The other options are not correct. A is incorrect because there is no evidence that protobionts had an RNA membrane. B is incorrect because RNA is not a polymer of amino acids, but rather a nucleic acid composed of nucleotides.
C is incorrect because RNA cannot make energy, but it can participate in energy-releasing reactions. D is incorrect because free nucleotides would have been necessary ingredients in the synthesis of new RNA molecules in the RNA world hypothesis.
To know more about RNA molecules refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/14758987#
#SPJ11
please answer this question
Answers
If a female and male offspring from the cross are allowed to mate, the offspring will be 2 red-eyed females; 1 red-eyed male, and 1 white-eyed male. Hence option B is correct.
Thomas Hunt Morgan, who studied fruit flies, provided the first strong confirmation of the chromosome theory.
Morgan discovered a mutation that affected fly eye color. He observed that the mutation was inherited differently by male and female flies.
Based on the inheritance pattern, Morgan concluded that the eye color gene must be located on the X chromosome.
To know more about chromosome theory:
https://brainly.com/question/27266335
#SPJ1
9. Which of the following is a natural pesticide that's sometimes applied to organic crops?
O A. Organophosphates
OB. Nitrogen
C. Neem oil
D. Nitrate
Answers
Neem oil is a natural pesticide that's sometimes applied to organic crops because of its repellent composition.
What is natural pesticides?Natural pesticides are those pesticides that are made for their own defense by organisms such as plant, animal, bacteria. Neem has long been used for its medicinal and culinary properties.
So we can conclude that Neem oil is a natural pesticide that's sometimes applied to organic crops because of its repellent composition.
Learn more about pesticide here: https://brainly.com/question/6589507
#SPJ1
Neem oil is a natural pesticide that is sometimes applied to organic crops
C. Neem oil
What is neem oil used for in agriculture?It is a product to control the populations of undesirable insects in agriculture, being harmless to humans and warm-blooded animals. It is fully biodegradable and does not bioaccumulate.
With this information, we can conclude that Neem oil is a natural pesticide that is sometimes applied to organic crops
Learn more about Neem oil in brainly.com/question/15132578
#SPJ1
pleasee need help asap
Answers
The anomaly seen in the evolution of skin color proves that skin color is affected by other environmental factors.
The reason people near the equator have darker pigmentation is to protect their skin from harmful UV radiation that can lead to skin cancer.
What determines skin pigmentation?Melanin is produced by melanocytes, which are skin-resident cells. The pigment melanin determines skin color.
Melanocytes can develop abnormally and result in an excessive amount of skin color darkening under certain circumstances. Prior inflammation is the cause of the concentric rings of hyperpigmented pigmentation over the tibia.
Learn more about skin pigmentation at: https://brainly.com/question/30799963
#SPJ1
PLS HELP XOXO GIVING POINTS
Answers
Answer:
A BOY LYING DOWN WITH HIS EAR TO THE GROUND
Which mutation is harmful to the organism?
Answers
D.Mutation causing uncontrolled cell division
Explanation:
have a good day :)
hv a good day
sickle cell disease is a blood cell disorder. It causes an abnormality in the blood cells shape. The cell assumes the shape of a crescent. This also inhibits the cells, ability to carry oxygen leading to painful symptoms, and even death the person inherits the alleles for SED from their parent a person who is heterozygous for the sickle cell allele often shows no symptoms of the disease and is considered a carrier. A person who is homozygous recessive for the sickle cell allele will exhibit signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia if 9% of the population exhibit signs and symptoms of the disease what percent of the population is a carrier.
Answers
The percentage of the population that is a carrier of sickle cell disease is 91%. This is calculated by subtracting the 9% of the population that exhibit signs and symptoms of the disease from the total population (100%).
What is disease?Disease is an abnormal condition that affects the body of an organism and can cause discomfort, dysfunction or even death. It is often caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals. It can be caused by genetic predisposition or lifestyle choices, such as smoking or poor diet. Symptoms of a disease depend on the type and can range from mild to severe.
This leaves 91% of the population that is a carrier of the disease but does not show any symptoms. This is due to the fact that a person who is heterozygous for the sickle cell allele (has one sickle cell allele and one normal allele) typically does not show any symptoms of the disease.
To learn more about disease
https://brainly.com/question/14083398
#SPJ1
The primary mode of action by which alcohol can produce apoptosis is as a(n)
a. direct agonist at GABAA receptors.
b. agonist at α1 adrenoceptors.
c. direct antagonist at GABAA receptors.
d. indirect antagonist at glycine receptors.
e. cholinergic agonist.
Answers
The primary mode of action by which alcohol can produce apoptosis is as a c. direct agonist at GABAA receptors. Alcohol affects various neurotransmitter systems in the brain, and one of its main targets is the GABAA receptor.
GABAA receptors are responsible for mediating inhibitory neurotransmission, and alcohol enhances their activity, leading to an overall decrease in neuronal excitability. By acting as an agonist at GABAA receptors, alcohol increases the flow of chloride ions into the cell, hyperpolarizing the neuronal membrane and making it less likely for the neuron to fire an action potential.
This inhibitory effect can contribute to the sedative and anxiolytic effects of alcohol. Prolonged alcohol exposure may lead to alterations in GABAA receptor expression, function, and distribution, potentially contributing to apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in certain brain regions. It is important to note that alcohol's effects on the brain are complex and involve multiple neurotransmitter systems beyond GABAA receptors. Hence,c is the correct option.
You can learn more about apoptosis at: brainly.com/question/30837708
#SPJ11
I NEED HELP ASAP
Label plz
Answers
the intense visible light which comes from arc welding is a hazard to which part of your body?
Answers
The arcs and flames used for welding produce a lot of ultraviolet, infrared, and visible radiation. Similar to ultraviolet rays in sunlight, UV rays from welding arcs can burn unprotected skin.
This danger applies to both UV rays that are directly inhaled and those that are reflected off of metal, walls, and ceilings. UV rays can be deflected to a lesser extent using particular surface treatments and paint colors.
Skin cancer can be brought on by prolonged UV radiation exposure. Visible light and infrared radiation typically have very little impact on the skin. Due to its extreme brightness, visible light from welding operations might overwhelm the eye's iris' capacity to close quickly enough to reduce the amount of light that reaches the retina.
To learn more about UV rays follow the link: https://brainly.com/question/8611796
#SPJ4
(HELP NEEDED ASAP WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST) After analyzing the radon table above. Which taxon level do all three organisms also NOT have in common?
-Class
-Family
-Order
-Species
Answers
An entity used for classification is a taxon (plural taxa). Species, genera, families, orders, classes, phyla (in animals), divisions (in plants), and kingdoms are examples of taxa at various levels of the hierarchical structure, in that sequence.
What is a taxon example?Taxon is the name for a certain hierarchy level used to categorise living things. An entity used for classification is a taxon (plural taxa).Species, genera, families, orders, classes, phyla (in animals), divisions (in plants), and kingdoms are examples of taxa at various levels of the hierarchical structure, in that sequence. Kingdoms are found at the top of a hierarchy, whereas species are found at the bottom. So each included group can be referred to as a taxon (rank). Generic groups are made up of genera, which are made up of families, which are made up of orders, which are made up of orders, and so on.Mangifera indica's Taxonomic TreeMangoliopsida is a suborder of the kingdom plantae.Magnoliophyta as the classAnacardiaceae Family, Order: SapindalesMangifera, genusSpecie: indica.To Learn more About taxon Refer To:
https://brainly.com/question/1304906
#SPJ1
WILL MAKE BRAINEST IF YOU ANsWER! EASY QUESTION*** HELP PLS ASAP!
-
Carbon is essential to life on Earth. One reason it is so vital is that it is able to form bonds with many other elements and with itself. Inside living things, there are many compounds based on carbon, including fats, sugars, starches and oils. There are four main types of carbon compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Each of these has important roles in living organisms. Proteins make up muscles and carry messages, and carbohydrates give cells energy.
What is the meaning of the word "vital" in the passage?
A. necessary
B. small
C. energetic
D. useless
Answers
Answer:
A. necessary
Explanation:
because that would be the best one
Tegus are omnivores. They eat both plants and animals. They are posing a
major threat to American Alligators an endangered species in the
Everglades. This is directly due to
○crowding out the alligators
○eating the alligators food
○eating the eggs that the alligators lay
○none of the above
Answers
Answer:option 2 eating the alligators food
Explanation: omnivorous creatures tend to be opportunistic feeding on anything they can find fish are quite often a good easy meal for omnivorous creatures and a big part of a gators diet
TRUE / FALSE. All organic forms of life have a division of labor within them, metabolism (chemical activity) and replication (genetic code). DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the key to the genetic code in most organisms living today and serves as an instruction manual that makes it possible to create a living organism. However, DNA is helpless without its counterpart, metabolism. The discovery of RNA (Ribonucleic acid) in the 1960s did not help help alleviate this problem. RNA is a relative of DNA but it can only perform metabolism and not replication in an organism. This has led some scientists to conclude that RNA is not useful for understanding the origins of life.
Answers
After considering the given data and reviewing the valid articles and information concerning DNA we conclude that the statement is true.
All organic forms of life possess a division of labor within them, metabolism (chemical activity), and replication (genetic code). DNA is the key to the genetic code in most organisms living today and serves as an instruction manual that makes it possible to create a living organism.
Therefore , DNA is helpless without its counterpart, metabolism. Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life. The discovery of RNA in the 1960s did not help alleviate this problem.
RNA is a relative of DNA but can only perform metabolism and not replication in an organism. This has led some scientists to conclude that RNA is not useful for understanding the origins of life.
To learn more about DNA
https://brainly.com/question/2131506
#SPJ4
1.scientist solve problem in an organised way called ________
2.amoeba move or feed with ________
3.nucleus was first discovered by ________
4. creation of the something new called _______
5. longest cell is________
Answers
Answer:
1. Scientific method
2. pseudopods
3. In 1909, Ernest Rutherford’s
4. innovation
5. nerve cell
Abiotic factors of an environment are all the living components.
True or False
Answers
the movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the
Answers
The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the foot.
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are specific movements that occur at the ankle joint, involving the foot. Dorsiflexion refers to the movement of the foot in which the toes are lifted towards the shin, while plantar flexion involves pointing the foot downward, as in standing on tiptoes.
These movements are controlled by muscles located in the lower leg, such as the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius-soleus complex. The tibialis anterior muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion, contracting to lift the foot and toes, while the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are responsible for plantar flexion, contracting to point the foot downward.
The movements of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are essential for various activities, including walking, running, jumping, and maintaining balance. They allow for proper positioning of the foot during gait and contribute to the overall movement and stability of the lower extremity.
To learn more about Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, here
https://brainly.com/question/33495835
#SPJ4
The complete question is:
The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the _____.
hand.arm.foot.leg.hip.Name 2 tropophyte plants
Answers
Answer: Rose plants, Santan plant
Explanation:
I learned this in AP Biology class! I hope you find it helpful!
Answer:
Pineapple.
Oleander.
Explanation:
Please give the brainliest.
how would the removal of growth factors affect asynchronous cultures of (1) normal human cells and (2) most human cancer cells?
Answers
Removal of growth factors affect asynchronous cultures will:
Arrest in G1.No effectWhat are the roles of growth factors in regulation of cell division?Growth factors (GFs) are a class of proteins that promote the development of specific tissues. Growth factors is involved in the regulation of cell division, which drives cell proliferation. Every growth factors binds to a different cell-surface receptor.Growth factors are important in cell proliferation, but their effects have been found to be time-limited (1,–3, 15). Growth factors are required before reaching the restriction point in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, after that cell cycle movement to the S phase is growth factor independent.Learn more about growth factor here: brainly.com/question/18123593
#SPJ4
How do you think subscripts and coefficients help to tell whether a chemical
equation is balanced?
Answers
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
coefficients help the entire equation while subscripts help the nearby element