Which of these human activities is most likely to cause the excessive growth of Phytoplankton in the world’s oceans? Choose the best 2 answers.

The use of chemical fertilizers that are carried by runoff into rivers
The use of chemical fertilizers that are carried by runoff into rivers

The mining of fossil fuels, which requires digging underground tunnels
The mining of fossil fuels, which requires digging underground tunnels

The spraying of chemical herbicides that reduce carbon dioxide in the air
The spraying of chemical herbicides that reduce carbon dioxide in the air

The logging of old-growth forests, which results in erosion
The logging of old-growth forests, which results in erosion

Using fertilizers on your lawns

Answer:

6

Explanation:

im guessing because there is no diagram

Answer:

Water is a remarkable substance, and its unique properties are largely due to the presence of polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in its structure. These characteristics play a crucial role in the physical and chemical properties of water, making it essential for life as we know it.

Explanation:

The polar covalent bonds in water arise from the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. This results in the oxygen atom having a partial negative charge (δ-) and the hydrogen atoms having partial positive charges (δ+). These charges create polarity within the water molecule, leading to the formation of hydrogen bonds.

Hydrogen bonds occur when the partially positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negative oxygen atom of another water molecule. These hydrogen bonds are relatively weak individually, but when present in large numbers, they contribute to the cohesion, surface tension, and high boiling point of water.

The importance of these bonds is manifold. The cohesion between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding enables water to form droplets, have a high surface tension, and flow freely, facilitating transport within organisms and in the environment. Additionally, hydrogen bonding leads to the high specific heat capacity and heat of vaporization of water, making it an effective regulator of temperature in living organisms and ensuring stable environmental conditions.

Furthermore, hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the unique properties of water as a solvent. The polar nature of water allows it to dissolve a wide range of substances, including ionic compounds and polar molecules, facilitating various biological processes such as nutrient transport and chemical reactions in cells.

Hydrogen bonds are the intermolecular forces responsible for the production of water dimers.

Between molecules, intermolecular forces are at work. In contrast, molecules themselves exert intramolecular pressures. In comparison to intramolecular forces, intermolecular forces are weaker. The London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, ion-dipole interaction, & van der Waals forces are a few examples of intermolecular forces.

The equilibrium between the intermolecular interactions and a kinetic energy of a specific particles (atoms or molecules) determines the state of a material. The kinetic energy, which is dependent on the substance's temperature, maintains the molecules separated and in motion.

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1. The differential equation satisfied by y(t) is:  dy/dt = 0.6 kg/min

The amount of salt in the tank after t minutes can be represented by the function y(t). We need to find the differential equation that y satisfies.
Initially, the tank contains 100 L of pure water, which means there is no salt in the tank. As time passes, a solution with a salt concentration of 0.3 kg/L is added at a rate of 7 L/min. The salt concentration in the tank will increase with the addition of this solution.
At the same time, the solution is drained from the tank at a rate of 5 L/min. This will result in a decrease in the salt concentration in the tank.
To find the differential equation satisfied by y(t), we need to consider the rate of change of salt in the tank.
Rate of change of salt in the tank = Rate of salt added - Rate of salt drained
The rate of salt added is given by the product of the concentration of the solution (0.3 kg/L) and the rate at which the solution is added (7 L/min). So, the rate of salt added = 0.3 kg/L * 7 L/min.

The rate of salt drained is given by the product of the concentration of the solution (0.3 kg/L) and the rate at which the solution is drained (5 L/min). So, the rate of salt drained = 0.3 kg/L * 5 L/min.

Therefore, the differential equation satisfied by y(t) is:
dy/dt = (0.3 kg/L * 7 L/min) - (0.3 kg/L * 5 L/min)

Simplifying the equation:
dy/dt = 2.1 kg/min - 1.5 kg/min
dy/dt = 0.6 kg/min

So, the differential equation satisfied by y(t) is:
dy/dt = 0.6 kg/min

2. The amount of salt in the tank after 40 minutes is 24 kilograms.

To find the amount of salt in the tank after 40 minutes, we can solve the differential equation.

dy/dt = 0.6 kg/min

Integrating both sides with respect to t:
∫dy = ∫0.6 dt

Integrating, we get:
y = 0.6t + C

To find the value of C, we can use the initial condition that the tank initially contains 100 L of pure water, which means there is no salt. So, at t = 0, y = 0.

Substituting these values into the equation:
0 = 0.6(0) + C
C = 0

Therefore, the equation becomes:
y = 0.6t

Now, we can find the amount of salt in the tank after 40 minutes by substituting t = 40 into the equation:
y = 0.6(40)
y = 24 kg


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In the Corey-Seebach method for the preparation of 6-methyl-1-phenyl-2-heptanone from 2-phenylethanal, an alkylating agent such as methyl iodide (CH3I) would be commonly used.

The Corey-Seebach reaction is a method for the homologation of aldehydes, where the aldehyde is converted into a higher carbon chain by adding a carbanion equivalent. In this case, the methyl group is being introduced to the phenylethanal to form 6-methyl-1-phenyl-2-heptanone.

The general procedure involves the following steps:

Conversion of 2-phenylethanal to its lithium enolate through deprotonation using a strong base.

Alkylation of the lithium enolate with an alkyl halide or alkylating agent.

Acidic workup to convert the intermediate product to the desired ketone.

Specifically, in the synthesis of 6-methyl-1-phenyl-2-heptanone, the alkylation step would involve using methyl iodide (CH3I) as the alkylating agent. The reaction between the lithium enolate of 2-phenylethanal and methyl iodide would lead to the introduction of a methyl group, resulting in the formation of the desired product.

It's important to note that there may be alternative alkylating agents that can be used depending on specific conditions and preferences. However, methyl iodide is a commonly employed alkylating reagent in the Corey-Seebach reaction and would be suitable for this particular synthesis.

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Ferrihydrite in forest soil at pH=5 is more likely to sorb benzene than 2,4-D. At pH=4, the sorption potential of 2,4-D to ferrihydrite may be enhanced due to increased positive charge on the surface of the hydroxide.

Ferrihydrite, a type of iron oxide, has the ability to sorb organic compounds through various mechanisms such as surface complexation, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Benzene, being a non-polar compound, is more likely to sorb to ferrihydrite due to hydrophobic interactions and weak van der Waals forces. On the other hand, 2,4-D, being a polar compound, may have limited sorption to ferrihydrite at pH=5 due to the dominance of repulsive interactions between the negatively charged surface of ferrihydrite and the negatively charged 2,4-D molecule.

At pH=4, the increased positive charge on the surface of ferrihydrite enhances the sorption potential of 2,4-D. The positive charge can attract and bind with the negatively charged 2,4-D molecule through electrostatic interactions. This can result in increased sorption of 2,4-D to ferrihydrite in tropical soils like Qxisol.

Conversely, at pH=9, the increased pH results in a decrease in the positive charge on the surface of ferrihydrite. This reduction in positive charge limits the sorption potential of 2,4-D as the electrostatic attraction between the hydroxide and the 2,4-D molecule decreases. This suggests that in arid soils like Aridisol, characterized by higher pH levels, the sorption potential of 2,4-D to ferrihydrite may be lower compared to humid climates.

The sorption potential of 2,4-D as a function of soil type in humid vs. arid climates can be predicted by considering the pH of the soil. Higher pH in arid soils can lead to reduced sorption of 2,4-D to hydroxides like ferrihydrite or goethite, while lower pH in humid soils can enhance the sorption potential due to increased positive charge on the hydroxide surface.

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Answer:

here go your answer

An angled dashed line (---->) is the ideal way to depict the hydrogen bonding between two water molecules.

Hydrogen bonding is the process by which an electronegative atom in a separate molecule is pulled to a hydrogen atom that is linked to a strongly electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. It is a unique sort of bonding because hydrogen and the electronegative atom have very different electronegativities. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for a wide range of important traits and occurrences. One of its most notable effects is on a substance's physical properties. Compounds have high melting and boiling points because the hydrogen bonds must be broken in order for a substance to change states. An angled dashed line (---->) is the ideal way to depict the hydrogen bonding between two water molecules.

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This potential difference allows for the transfer of electrons from the metal with a higher energy level to the metal with a lower energy level, resulting in the production of electricity.

The process of producing electricity in a galvanic cell involves the flow of electrons from the anode (the metal with a higher energy level) to the cathode (the metal with a lower energy level) through a conductive medium (such as an electrolyte). This flow of electrons creates an electrical current that can be harnessed to power various devices.

The specific metals used in a galvanic cell will determine the potential difference and the amount of electricity that can be produced. For example, a cell constructed with zinc and copper electrodes can produce a voltage of around 1.1 volts, while a cell constructed with magnesium and silver electrodes can produce a voltage of around 2.6 volts.

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If a gas is cooled from 323.0 K to 273.15 K and the volume is kept constant, 0.77 atm is the final pressure, in atm, would result if the original pressure was 750.0 mmHg.

The force delivered perpendicularly to an object's surface per unit area across which the force is dispersed is known as pressure (symbol: p / P).[1]: 445  The pressure proportional to the surrounding air is known as gauge pressure, also spelt gauge pressure[a].

Pressure is expressed using a variety of units. Some of these are calculated by dividing a unit of force by a unit of area; for instance, the metric system's unit of pressure, a pascal (Pa), is equal to one newton every square metre (N/m2).

P₁/T₁  = P₂/T₂

P₂ = P₁T₂/T₁

  = 0.91 atm × 273.15 K / 323 K

  = 0.77 atm

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In the quantum mechanical model of the atom, an electron is viewed as a wave-particle that occupies a three-dimensional space near the nucleus. The movement of the electron is describes be a function, which is also called an atomic orbital.

An electron possesses dual nature, i.e. it has both wave as well as particle nature.  

According to this theory, since there is wave associated with every electron so, it also possesses a wave function ψ.

However, there is no such physical significance of ψ but ψ² has.

ψ² tells the maximum probability of finding an electron in a particular region.

This region where the probability of finding an electron of an atom is maximum is known as atomic orbital.

There are different shapes of the atomic orbitals.

Some of the orbitals and their shapes are mentioned below:

(I) s orbital - spherical

(ii) p orbital - dum-bb-ell

(iii) d orbital - double dum-bb-ell

(iv) f orbital - ( no discrete shape)

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Answer:

0.00013

Explanation:

I'm pretty sure. I first subtracted 1.87 from 2. I got 0.13. The conversion from mL to L is 0.001. I multiplied 0.13 and 0.001 and got 0.00013 mL.

If a reaction reaches to completion it means entire amount of reactants has been converted into products. On the other hand, if a reaction reaches equilibrium no net change in amounts of reactants & products occur.

What is equilibrium?

An equilibrium represents a state in process when observable properties such as colour, temperature, pressure, concentration etc do not show any change.

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The heat required to melt 23.9 g of diethyl ether at its melting point is 2.34 kJ.

To calculate the heat required to melt diethyl ether \((C_4H_{10}O)\) at its melting point:

Q = n × ΔHfus

where Q = heat required, n = number of moles of diethyl ether, and ΔHfus = enthalpy of fusion of diethyl ether (in kJ/mol).

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of diethyl ether:

molar mass of \(C_4H_{10}O\) = 74.12 g/mol

moles = mass/molar mass = 23.9 g / 74.12 g/mol = 0.322 mol

Next, we can use the given enthalpy of fusion to calculate the heat required:

Q = n × ΔHfus = 0.322 mol × 7.27 kJ/mol = 2.34 kJ

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Option E) all of these metals can be obtained by electrolysis of their molten chloride salts.

The metal that is produced by electrolysis of its molten chloride salt is option e. All of these metals: Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium), Sr (strontium), and Ba (barium) can be produced through the electrolysis of their respective molten chloride salts.

Electrolysis involves the decomposition of a compound using an electric current. In this case, the molten chloride salt of each metal serves as the electrolyte, and the metal ions are reduced at the cathode to form the respective metal.

For example, in the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium ions (Mg2+) are reduced at the cathode to produce molten magnesium metal (Mg). Similarly, the electrolysis of molten calcium chloride (CaCl2), strontium chloride (SrCl2), or barium chloride (BaCl2) results in the production of molten calcium, strontium, or barium metal, respectively.

Therefore, all of these metals can be obtained by electrolysis of their molten chloride salts. Option E) is correct.

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Answer:

Substance that are used in the reaction

Explanation:

I hope this will help you

Answer:

Substances that are used in the reaction. Hope my answer helps you!

The lunar phase or Moon phase can be defined as the shape of the Moon's directly sunlit portion, which can be expressed in four major phases: new moon, first quarter, full moon, last quarter, and four minor phases: waxing gibbous, waxing crescent, waning gibbous, and waning crescent.

There are four principal lunar phases which can be expressed as the new moon, first quarter, full moon, and last quarter when the Moon's ecliptic longitude is at an angle to the Sun of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, respectively.

Each of the phases appears at slightly different locations on Earth at different times. The intervals between principal phases can be described as the intermediate phases, during which the apparent shape of the Moon is either crescent.

A new moon will appear lowest on the winter solstice and highest on the summer solstice. A first-quarter moon appears lowest on the autumn equinox and highest on the spring equinox.

A full moon appears lowest on the summer solstice and highest on the winter solstice. A last-quarter moon appears lowest on the spring equinox and highest on the autumn equinox.

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Answer:

the stomach and small intestine absorb the glucose and then release it into the bloodstream once in the bloodstream glucose can be used immediately for energy

The conditions for a standard electrochemical cell. select one or more : pressure of 1 atm temperature of 298 k solution concentrations of 1 M.

The electrochemical cell is the cell that is capable of generating the electrical energy from the chemical reactions or by the use of the electrical energy to cause the chemical reaction. The conditions for a standard electrochemical cell. select one or more : pressure of 1 atm temperature of 298 k solution concentrations of 1 M.  

There are the two types of the electrochemical cells is as follows : the galvanic called the electrolytic cells. the galvanic cell is also called as the voltaic cell.

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Answer:

Mass = 96.07 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of citric acid = ?

Molar mass of citric acid = 192.14 g/mol

Volume of citric acid solution = 0.10 L

Molarity of solution = 5.00 M

Solution:

First of all we will calculate the number of moles from molarity formula. Then we will determine the mass from moles formula.

Molarity is used to describe the concentration of solution. It tells how many moles are dissolve in per litter of solution.

Formula:

Molarity = number of moles of solute / L of solution

5.00 M = n/0.10 L

n = 5.00 mol/L× 0.10 L

n =0.5 mol

Mass of citric acid:

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

0.5 mol = mass/ 192.14 g/mol

Mass = 0.5 mol  × 192.14 g/mol

Mass = 96.07 g

70.9-gram sample of \(Cl_{2}\) gas will occupy Opton C. 22.4 liters at STP.

To determine the volume occupied by the sample of \(Cl_{2}\) (g) at STP, we can use the ideal gas law equation, PV = nRT

where P = pressure

V = volume

n = number of moles

R = ideal gas constant

T = temperature.

At STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), the pressure is 1 atmosphere (atm) and the temperature is 273.15 Kelvin (K).

First, calculate the number of moles of \(Cl_{2}\) (g) using its molar mass. The molar mass  \(Cl_{2}\) is 70.9 grams/mol.

Number of moles (n) = mass (m) / molar mass (M)

n = 70.9 g / 70.9 g/mol

n = 1 mol

Now, we can calculate the volume using the ideal gas law:

V = (nRT) / P

V = (1 mol * 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 273.15 K) / 1 atm

V ≈ 22.4 L

Therefore, the correct answer is C. 22.4 L.

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The net ionic equation and identification of spectator ions for each reaction are given below. Zn(NO3)2(aq) + (NH4)2S(aq)   ZnS(s)  + 2 (NH4)2NO3(aq)Net Ionic Equation: Zn2+(aq) + S2-(aq) → ZnS(s)Identification of Spectator Ions: NH4+(aq) and NO3-(aq).

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)  NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)Net Ionic Equation: Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s)Identification of Spectator Ions: Na+(aq) and NO3-(aq), HgCl2(aq) + K2S(aq)  HgS(s) + 2KCl(aq)Net Ionic Equation: Hg2+(aq) + S2-(aq) → HgS(s)Identification of Spectator Ions: K+(aq) and Cl-(aq), Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → 2NaOH(aq) + BaSO4(s)Net Ionic Equation: Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) → NaOH(aq)Identification of Spectator Ions: Ba2+(aq) and SO42-(aq)

Net ionic equations are the chemical equations that only show the species involved in the reaction that actually undergoes the change in a chemical reaction. In the reactions given above, all the spectator ions are identified. Spectator ions are the ions that are present in the reaction mixture that does not participate in the chemical reaction. They remain unchanged throughout the reaction. The overall chemical equation is balanced, while the net ionic equation shows only those species that actually participate in the reaction.For the first reaction, the net ionic equation is given as follows; Zn2+(aq) + S2-(aq) → ZnS(s). The spectator ions are NH4+(aq) and NO3-(aq).For the second reaction, the net ionic equation is Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) → AgCl(s). The spectator ions are Na+(aq) and NO3-(aq).For the third reaction, the net ionic equation is Hg2+(aq) + S2-(aq) → HgS(s). The spectator ions are K+(aq) and Cl-(aq).For the fourth reaction, the net ionic equation is Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) → NaOH(aq). The spectator ions are Ba2+(aq) and SO42-(aq).

The net ionic equations and spectator ions for each reaction are identified. The net ionic equations only show the species involved in the chemical reaction that undergoes the change, and spectator ions remain unchanged throughout the reaction. These spectator ions are identified for each reaction given above.

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Answer:

0.075 kg

750 dg

7.5 dag

Explanation:

1 kg = 1000 g

So, 0.075 kg = (0.075 × 1000)g = 75 g

1 dg = 0.1 g

So, 750 dg = (750 × 0.1) g = 75 g

1 dag = 10 g

So, 7.5 dag = (7.5 × 10) g = 75 g

It is a physical property

Color odour and taste are a properties that are detected by sense organs.

a first-order isomerization reaction has a rate constant of 0.148 s-1 at 750 k. if the initial sample has a concentration of 4.18 m,a first-order isomerization reaction has a rate constant of 0.148 s-1 at 750 k. if the initial sample has a concentration of 4.18 m, is 0.46M

It is given that the reaction is first order reaction.  As we know the formula  the first order reaction that,   k = (1/t)*ln( [A0] / [At]) where , k = rate constant  = 0.148 s-1, t = time  = 16.2 seconds A0 = intial concentration of the reactant = 4.38 M At = concentration after time putting all the values in the formula we get ,  0.148 = (1/16.2)*ln(4.38 / [At]  0.148*16.2 = ln(4.38 / [ At] ), 2.39 = ln(4.38 / [At]) ,9.54 = 4.38 / [At]

At = 0.46 M. So, concentration after 16.2 seconds will be 0.46 M. The method by which a molecule, anion ion, or molecular fraction into an isomer with such a different chemical structure is referred to as isomerization or isomerisation. Isomerization includes the processes like items and tautomerization. For illustrate, propane, a hydrocarbon with four atoms of carbon bound together in straight chain, could be transformed to its stemmed isomer, isobutane, by warming it to a temperature that is at least 100 °C while being in the use of a catalyst. The qualities of n - butanol and isobutane are indeed very dissimilar. An organic molecule can transform through one equimolar form to another using a process known as isomerization. Since most compounds only have one isomer, the term "isomerization" refers to the process of changing a compound's structure into an isomeric form.

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Answer:

3.72+21.98=25.7g

(n)P=25.7/30=0.86

(n)Cl=21.28/35.45=0.600 =

P 0.86/0.6=1.43x2=3

Cl 0.600/0.600=1x2=2

Explanation:

Answer:

Its a

Explanation:

Just got it right

Answer:

i hope Boron oxide is the name you're looking for.

Answer: B. Hydrogen Bonding

Explanation: I got it right on castle learning lol

There are different kinds of forces. The term that identifies a type of intermolecular force is hydrogen bonding.

The three known to be types of intermolecular interactions. They  are

Hydrogen bonding is known to be an intermolecular force that takes place between two molecules. That molecule is known to have a hydrogen atom be bonded to a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom.

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