Which of the following was the major contribution made by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty that strengthened the argument that the transforming agent in Griffith's experiment was DNA? Multiple Choice Transformation of nonvirulent cells with a DNA extract was successful when DNase was added. Transformation of nonvirulent cells with a DNA extract was blocked only if protease was added. Transformation of nonvirulent cells with a DNA extract was blocked only if RNase was added. Transformation of nonvirulent cells with a DNA extract was blocked only if DNase was added.

Answer:

1. CELL

2. REPRODUCTION

3. IRRITABILITY

Explanation:

1. All living organisms are composed of CELLS, which according to the cell theory as proposed in the 1800's is the smallest structural and functional unit of life.

2. REPRODUCTION is a characteristics possessed by all living things. It is the process whereby living organisms/things create new living things.

3. IRRITABILITY is another characteristics of living things, which is the process whereby living things respond to changes in their environment called STIMULUS e.g heat, nutrient stress e.t.c.

The answers are 1. True 2. false 3. true 4. true 5. false 6. false 7. true 8. false 9. true 10. false

1. True

For something to be a true organism, it must have at least one cell. Viruses are not covered in this.

2. False

DNA is the same in every cell.

3. True

Recent studies have suggested that all living things have descended from a single ancestor, in the case of Thomas Cavalier-theory, Smith's that ancestor would have been the canao flagellated protists.

4. True

DNA, for instance, is a universal molecule that, even in various organisms, continues to serve the same purpose of "creating" the proteins required for an individual's cells.

5. False

Biodiversity, which is brought about by DNA mutations, environmental pressure, and natural selection, provides an explanation for the variety of life.

6. False

In organic molecules like DNA, information is preserved.

7. True

Additionally, the environment can influence how our cells interpret information. An illustration would be that during our body releases large amounts of the hormone testosterone, which increases our heart rate and blood pressure.

8. False

organisms are open systems rather than closed ones.

9. True

The capacity to keep the internal environment in a state of nearly constant equilibrium despite changes in the external environment is known as true homeostasis. The complex signaling networks that exist between various cells in an organism make it feasible.

10. False

The oneness of biological systems emerges from false evolutionary change.

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Steps of Double Fertilization.

1. Germination of pollen on stigma :

(i) By absorbing secretion of stigma pollen swells up and outer layer exine ruptures whereas inner lintine comes out in the form of pollen tube.

(ii) Branched polen tube is formed in amentiferae group.

(iii) In families malvaceae, cucurbitaceae, etc. polysiphonous condition (many pollen tubes from a single pollen) is found.

2. Path taken up by pollen tube :

(i) Pollen tube pierces through stigmatic papilla into the tissue of style.

(ii) Filiform apparatus of synergids secrete some chemotropically active substances, which promotes porogamy.

(iii) Obturator (special structure) act as a bridge for growth of pollen tube.

(iv) Cations are naturally occurring chemotropic agents in the pistil.

3. Entry of pollen tube into embryo sac :

(i) It enters into the ovule by either of the two methods; porogamy, chalazogamy or mesogamy.

(ii) Irrespective of the mode of entry of pollen tube into the ovule, the pollen tube always enters into embryo sac at micropylar end (Porogany).

(iii) If enters through chalaza (base) it is termed chalazogany.

(iv) If pierces through integuments, it is called mesogamy.

(v) Tip of pollen tube penetrates embryo sac and reaches egg apparatus.

4. Syngamy (Generative fertilization)

(i) Pollen tube burst as tube nucleus disorganises.

(ii) One of male gametes fuses with egg cell or oosphere.

(iii) Deploid oospore or zygote is formed.

5. Triple fusion (Vegetative fertilization) :

The other gamete fuses with secondary nucleus forming triploid primary endosperm (PEN) which later give rise to endosperm.

Answer:

Double fertilization is a process unique to flowering plants (angiosperms) in which two sperm cells fertilize two different structures within the female reproductive system. The steps of double fertilization are:

Double fertilization leads to the formation of both the embryo and endosperm within the ovule, which ultimately results in the development of a seed.

Answer:

All organisms living or non living are composed of cells.

Explanation:

Answer:

multicellular

Explanation:

A tissue, organ or organism that is made up of many cells is said to be multicellular. Animals, plants, and fungi are multicellular organisms and often, there is specialization of different cells for various functions.

Answer: ATP, and NADPH. These energy-carrying molecules are made in the stroma.

Answer:

less energy at higher trophic levels, there are usually fewer organisms as well. Organisms tend to be larger in size at higher trophic levels, but their smaller numbers result in less biomass. Biomass is the total mass of organisms at a trophic level.

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Answer:

Pseudoscience

Explanation:

Phrenology is an example of pseudoscience. It is the belief that studying the conformation of the skull reveals the character traits and mental faculties of an individual, a conclusion not at all rooted in fact but nevertheless studied and pursued as such thereby giving a false sense of being based in scientific methods.

Answer:

Pseudoscience

Explanation:

Phrenology is an example of pseudoscience because Gall held beliefs and ignored any information that didn't align with his beliefs. This is a direct example of Gall using pseudoscience and testing his hypothesis with bias through his belief.

Answer:

A necessary condition for the changes in the finch populations to occur in response to the drier climate would be:

- Variation in beak shape within the initial population: There must have been existing genetic variation in the population of finches regarding beak shape. Some finches would have had the beak shape that provided an advantage in obtaining food resources in the drier climate, while others would have had different beak shapes.

Without this initial variation in beak shape, there would be no opportunity for natural selection to act and favor individuals with the advantageous beak shape. Therefore, the presence of genetic variation within the population is necessary for the changes in the finch populations to occur.

Based on the theory of natural selection, the necessary condition for the changes in the finch populations to occur is limited food resources. Option B

Natural selection is the process by which populations of living organisms adapt and change over time.

Natural selection occurs when there is variation within a population of a species, and some individuals are better able to survive and reproduce than others.

These individuals are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation, and the population will gradually change over time.

The above answer is based on the full question below;

Over time, the climate of an island became drier, which resulted in changes to the populations of various island finch species. Finch populations with a certain beak shape thrived, while those not having that beak shape decreased, Which of the following describes a necessary condition for these changes in the finch populations to occur?

A. fewer mutations B. limited food resources C. limited beak variations D. overproduction of offspring

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Water fleas that multiply by parthenogenesis will likely survive changes in lake conditions and why parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an embryo develops without the egg being fertilized. It differs from human reproduction in that it does not involve the process of fertilization. In our species, the sperm must fertilize the egg to generate a new being.

Frogs that reproduce sexually are highly sensitive to changes in pH, hydras that multiply by budding because for budding needs basic pH, and sponges that multiply by fragmentation would be more easily calcified.

Parthenogenesis refers to a type of asexual reproduction of animals in which the embryo develops from an egg without fertilization taking place. Some types of worms, insects, and a few vertebrate animals, such as certain species of fish, amphibians, and reptiles, reproduce by parthenogenesis.

With this information, we can conclude that Parthenogenesis  refers to the growth and development of an embryo without fertilization. They are females that procreate without needing males to fertilize them.

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The Watson and Crick double helix model of DNA structure, proposed in 1953, provided a breakthrough understanding of the molecular structure of DNA, which has profound implications for our understanding of genetics, heredity, and molecular biology.

The model explained several key features of DNA:

Double helix structure: The model proposed that DNA consists of two strands that are twisted around each other in a helical fashion, forming a double helix structure. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide bases (adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine), forming base pairs along the interior of the helix. This explained how DNA can have a stable and structural integrity, while also allowing for the replication and transcription of genetic information.

Complementary base pairing: The model explained how the nucleotide bases in DNA (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) pair specifically with their complementary bases to form the "rungs" of the DNA ladder. This complementary base pairing mechanism ensures that the genetic information stored in DNA is accurately replicated and transmitted during cell division and protein synthesis.

Antiparallel orientation: The model revealed that the two strands of DNA in the double helix are oriented in an antiparallel manner, meaning they run in opposite directions. This orientation allows for the formation of hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs, and it has important implications for DNA replication and transcription processes.

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When a person has been stung by a bee, the body releases the hormone prostaglandin into the body. Option B

A bee sting is that painful feeling that occurs when you have an encounter with a bee. This is the result of the release of  a chemical called melittin by the bee into your body.

When a person has been stung by a bee, the body releases the hormone prostaglandin into the body.

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The hypothesis that is supported by these observations is that the dsRNA inhibited the translation of mRNA into protein (third option).

In this experiment, the C. elegans worms were transcribing eaf-1 into mRNA but not producing the eaf-1 protein. This phenomenon shows that dsRNA inhibited the translation of mRNA into protein related to the action of E. coli on the worms.

This also explains why the worms affected by this bacteria had fewer offspring and the offspring were smaller.

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Answer: In light-dependent reactions, the energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy in the form of electron carrier molecules like ATP and NADPH. Light energy is harnessed in Photosystems I and II, both of which are present in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Explanation:

The light dependent reaction mainly include sunlight, chlorophyll, thakaloids.

Light-dependent reactions

This  reactions convert light energy into chemical energy,  also known as photosynthesis.

Plant by the process of  photosynthesis collect energy from the sun and break down water molecules to produce ATP and NADPH.

These two energy-storing molecules are then used in the light-independent reactions and maintain the cycle. some of these energy get used by the plants for make the food.

Therefore, the light dependent reaction mainly include sunlight, chlorophyll, and thakaloids.

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The difference between viewing an onion cell under low and high power is the level of magnification and resolution.

When viewed under a microscope at low power, an onion cell will appear as a large, translucent blob with a defined cell wall. The nucleus may be visible as a small, dark spot within the cell. However, many of the cell's internal structures and organelles will not be visible due to the limited resolution of the low-power objective lens.

When viewed under high power, the same onion cell will appear much more detailed and magnified. The cell wall will still be visible, but now the cell's internal structures and organelles will also be visible.

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The objective of this lab is for students to apply their understanding of conservation of energy to different scenarios involving a jump-up toy.

A jump-up toy is a small, spring-loaded device that can be pressed down and released, causing it to jump up. The students will work through different scenarios that involve this toy, using their knowledge of conservation of energy to solve for each one. This lab is designed to help students understand the concept of potential energy and how it can be transformed into kinetic energy through the use of the jump-up toy. The lab will also help students understand how to apply the conservation of energy principle to real-world situations.

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Answer:

Your answer is Option D. None of the above

Explaination:

Chemical Properties can be determined by Oxidation , Heat Combustion, How they react with other chemicals etc. While Physical properties include odor,taste,appearance,melting point,boiling point etc.

Answer:

It makes a region less biodiverse.

Explanation:

Some species may be affected and be killed off by the disease while others survive. This is the concept of natural selection, which means that the species that survive are all supposed to be adapted to be immune to the disease.

Answer:

A. breaks down molecules in our body.

Explanation:

Glucose is the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body's cells. Glucose comes from the foods we eat or the body can make it from other substances. Glucose is carried to the cells through the bloodstream. Several hormones, including insulin, control glucose levels in the blood.

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Answer:

A is the answer

Explanation:

i just did my test so I hope this helps

Amino acids are the building blocks of all proteins, no matter their function. Proteins are typically a chain of 20 amino acids. The human body can use combinations of these same 20 amino acids to make any protein it needs.

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Answer:

d. sampling unit

Explanation:

Sampling unit:

Refers to the unit or group of elements that are selected from an original population during an investigation. The sampling unit might be composed of a statistical unit or a group of statistical units.

The statistical unit or element is the elemental unit that composes the target population.

The sampling unit is a basic concept to keep present during the development of the investigation project. It is the minimal unit of observation that will be used to take information about the variables of interest.  All the sample unit composes the population and is defined by an N, while only some representative sample units compose the sample, and are represented with an n.

So, the whole population can not be measured because of its size, or the individuals´ characteristics, among other many factors. So we need to take a random and representative sample or group of the population to proceed with our investigation. This sample or group is composed of some of the original population individuals, which are defined as "sample units".  

The correct option is (c) This definition excludes organisms that reproduce asexually.

Asexual reproduction includes fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis, while sexual reproduction is achieved through the combination of reproductive cells from two individuals.

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phage

A phage is a type of virus that infects bacteria. It attaches to the outside of the bacterial cell, injects its genetic material into the cell, and then takes control of the cell's machinery to produce new copies of the virus. The ability of phages to limit the spread of bacterial diseases makes them a vital component of the microbial ecosystem. In addition, they are utilized for biotechnological purposes, such as the production of antibiotics and other valuable chemicals. As phages can target certain bacterial strains that antibiotics cannot, phage therapy can also be used to combat infections that have developed resistance to antibiotics. Also being investigated as potential remedies for cancer and other disorders are viruses. Phages are a diverse collection of viruses that exist in a variety of sizes and shapes. Others are highly complicated and contain hundreds of genes, while some are quite simple and contain only a few genes. Regardless of type, phages are a potent weapon that can be employed to combat infection and improve human health.

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Today's societies are immersed in a world of telecommunications, where most information reaches them through television, mobile devices, and computers, the latter two through the Internet or cellular data. Therefore, one way to make people aware of the three main factors of the ecological footprint caused by humans, namely transportation, housing, and food decisions, is through government educational programs and educational advertisements through telecommunications technologies, that explain the impact of state and inhabitants of each of these state decisions regarding transportation, housing, and food.

These programs must contain topics related to how fossil fuels affect ecosystems through greenhouse gases, how housing construction and the raw material for building construction affect natural habitats by displacing endemic species from their habitat natural, and also how agriculture or intensive fishing damages each of the ecosystems in almost irreversible ways.

We can conclude that the correct answer is:

Creating educational television programs and educational advertisements that are sent through communication technologies (electronic devices) that have information on how the three main factors of the ecological footprint caused by humans, namely transportation, housing, and food decisions affect the environment ambient. These programs and advertisements must contain topics related to how fossil fuels affect ecosystems through greenhouse gases, how housing construction and the raw materials for building construction affect natural habitats by displacing endemic species of their natural habitat, and also as intensive agriculture or fishing damages each of the ecosystems in almost irreversible ways. These programs must also contain how these ecological footprints would alter food supplies for the earth's organisms including humans, due to climate change, pollution caused by the existence of humans, the felling of trees, and intensive hunting.

The lower central region of the brain encompasses the hypothalamus (hi-po-THAL-uh-mus). It bridges the nervous system and endocrine system.

How do the endocrine and cerebral systems influence the body?

The hypothalamus, which regulates fundamental impulses like hunger and thirst, serves as a conduit for communication between the endocrine and neurologic systems. The hypothalamus also controls the pituitary, which controls how much hormone is released by the body's other glands.

Which of the following describes a similarity between the neurological and endocrine systems?

Both the endocrine and neurological systems use the release of chemical compounds known as hormones and neurotransmitters, respectively, as a means of communication to govern, coordinate, and integrate many physiological processes and activities of the body.

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Part A:

The genes for feather color and texture are independently assorted, with light blue being more dominant than smooth and dark blue. It appears that the characteristics for wing colour (light blue vs. dark blue) and wing texture (smooth vs. ridged) are separately assorting based on the observed ratios of offspring with various combinations of wing colour and texture.

Part B:

One theory for why lactose tolerance evolved in humans is that increased selection during famines led some individuals to have a different food supply and increased fat consumption, which offered more resources for improved fitness. These two possibilities may serve as theories for the evolution of lactose tolerance in humans. One characteristic often seen in people with a history of dairy farming is the ability to digest lactose (the sugar contained in milk) from infancy.

Therefore, the correct options for Part A and Part B are B and B &D respectively.

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Answer:

C.Acute myelogenous leukemia

Explanation:

The high white blood cell count, the presence of myelocytes and metamyelocytes in the differential, and the elevated LAP score all clearly show the presence of a malignant proliferation of myeloid cells in the body.#SPJ4

Answer: true

Explanation:

Once fertilized, the egg is called a zygote. Fertilization is not complete, however, until the two haploid nuclei (called pronuclei) have come together and combined their chromosomes into a single diploid nucleus.

Answer:

The crane has a sharp and pointed beak adapted for catching and grasping prey. The sharp beak allows the crane to effectively stab and pierce its prey, such as fish, frogs, or small animals. The pointed shape helps the crane to accurately target its prey and secure a firm grip.

On the other hand, the duck has a flat beak, which is better suited for its specific feeding habits. Ducks are primarily filter feeders, and their flat beak enables them to sift through water or mud to collect small organisms, insects, and plants. The flat beak acts like a sieve, allowing the duck to strain out food particles while retaining water.

The difference in beak shape between the crane and the duck reflects their distinct feeding strategies and ecological roles. Each species has evolved its beak shape to optimize its ability to capture and consume the specific types of food sources available in their respective habitats.