Answers
Strong anionic nucleophiles hasten the reaction's pace. A stronger nucleophile can easily create the carbon-nucleophile bond as nucleophilicity rises with increasing negative charge.
While polar aprotic solvents do not obstruct the nucleophile, they do create hydrogen bonds with it. Acetone works well as a solvent in this process. The following elements have an impact on this type of reaction's rate: The substrate's unobstructed backside facilitates the establishment of the carbon-nucleophile connection. As a result, nucleophilic replacement of methyl and primary substrates is simple. Strong anionic nucleophiles hasten the reaction's pace. Additionally, unlike the S N1 reaction, the formation and breaking of the bond occur concurrently. The pace of the S N2 reaction is influenced by the concentration of both.
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Related Questions
explain the relationship between mutation, cell cycle ,uncontroled cell growth and Cancer
Answers
Answer: Cancer is unchecked cell growth. Mutations in genes can cause cancer by accelerating cell division rates or inhibiting normal controls on the system, such as cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. As a mass of cancerous cells grows, it can develop into a tumor.
SOMEOME PLEASE HELP ME THIS IS DUE TONIGHT!!! Bone is a dynamic tissue constantly undergoing change. As shown in the diagram below, two sets of bone cells work in opposition to one another to maintain bone homeostasis. Osteoblasts build bone, while osteoclasts break down bone. Blood calcium levels change in response to these cell activities.
1. Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Calcitonin is released whenever blood calcium levels go up. Calcitonin travels through the blood to bone, where it activates one of the two types of bone cells and inhibits the other type. Predict the type of cells that will be activated by calcitonin. Predict the type of cells that will be inhibited by calcitonin. Justify your responses.
2. Refine the diagram to show the regulatory mechanism that triggers the changes in bone-cell activity described in part a of the question. (4 points)
Answers
Answer: Calcitonin is released whenever blood calcium levels go up. It activates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts. This response is due to the role of calcitonin in reducing blood calcium levels by promoting the deposition of calcium into the bone matrix. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation, and their activation by calcitonin allows them to actively incorporate calcium into the bone, thereby reducing the calcium levels in the blood. On the other hand, calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption. By suppressing osteoclast activity, calcitonin helps prevent the breakdown of bone tissue and further release of calcium into the blood. In summary, calcitonin activates osteoblasts to build bone and inhibits osteoclasts to prevent bone breakdown, ultimately reducing blood calcium levels.
Refining the diagram to show the regulatory mechanism:
Regulatory Mechanism
________________________
| |
| |
v |
Osteoblasts Osteoclasts
| |
| |
____________________________ ____________________________
| | | |
| | | |
| Calcitonin | | Calcitonin |
| (+) activates | | (-) inhibits |
| osteoblasts | | osteoclasts |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| Bone Formation | | Bone Resorption |
| | | |
|____________________________| |____________________________|
In the refined diagram, the regulatory mechanism is shown between the two types of bone cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The diagram illustrates that calcitonin activates osteoblasts (+) and inhibits osteoclasts (-). The arrows indicate the effect of calcitonin on the respective cell types, promoting bone formation by osteoblasts and suppressing bone resorption by osteoclasts. This regulatory mechanism helps maintain bone homeostasis by responding to changes in blood calcium levels.
Explanation:
The flowchart below is a model of how a stimulus in an animal's environment can result in a change in the animal's behavior. Use the labels provided to complete the model.
Answers
1) environmental stimulus 2) sensory receptors 3) brain 4) memory 5) behaviour.
Explain how a stimulus in an animal's environment can result in a change in the animal's behavior?(1) Environmental stimulus: A stimulus is any detectable change in an animal's environment that can potentially affect the animal's behavior. For example, a loud noise or the presence of food can be stimuli.
(2) Sensory receptors: When a stimulus is detected by an animal's sensory receptors (such as eyes, ears, nose, or skin), it sends signals to the animal's brain via sensory neurons.
(3) Brain: The animal's brain receives and processes the signals from the sensory receptors, which can result in the activation of specific neural circuits and the release of various neurotransmitters.
(4) Memory: Depending on the animal's past experiences, the stimulus may trigger certain memories and associations that influence the animal's behavior. For instance, if the animal has learned to associate a particular sound with danger, it may respond differently than if it had no prior experience with that sound.
(5) Behavior: Finally, the combined effects of the sensory input, brain processing, and memory can result in a change in the animal's behavior. The animal may move towards or away from the stimulus, vocalize, exhibit a particular social behavior, or engage in any other response that is appropriate for the situation.
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Rocky's class recently got pet turtles. When putting together the habitat, decomposers were added to the soil, as well as some smaller organisms that turtles eat. Some students wanted to get "fake" plants for the terrarium, but Rocky insisted that this would negatively affect the carbon and oxygen cycles.
Which of the following reasons support why Rocky is correct?
Group of answer choices
A) Carbon won't be removed from the air.
B) Photosynthesis won't occur.
C) The turtles won't be able to breathe.
D) All of these are correct.
Will mark as brainliest if correct
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - D. All of these are correct.
Explanation:
It is clear that the terrarium is sealed or not, if it is open to the outside environment or not. Considering it sealed and no outer interaction, then if a fake plant to this terrarium then there will be no photosynthesis will take place as there are no green plants to capture the sunlight and make glucose and no way to release oxygen for the other organisms.
If in this no green plants then the removal of CO2 will not be possible. Higher amount of carbon and without oxygen turtles would not be able to survive even though there is food for them.
how planaarians able to survive without resoirtiry and circulatory system
Answers
Answer:
they possess different adaptive features
A cell which lacks nucleus will not have?
Answers
Answer:
Will not have mitochondria
Explanation:
A cell with no nucleus is a procaryote. If the cell does not have a nucleus, it will not have organelles, but will still have DNA (chromosomes)
Answer:
membrane bound organelles.
Explanation:
a cell which lacks nucleus will not have membrane bound organelles.
What energy-carrying molecules are formed during the light dependent reactions?
Answers
Answer: In the light-dependent reactions, energy absorbed by sunlight is stored by two types of energy-carrier molecules: ATP and NADPH. The energy that these molecules carry is stored in a bond that holds a single atom to the molecule. For ATP, it is a phosphate atom, and for NADPH, it is a hydrogen atom.
Explanation:
You grab a can of soda from the refrigerator and your hand feels cold. Which of the following statements is true? A.) Heat energy flows from your hand to the can, and your hand becomes cold. B).Heat energy flows from the can to your hand, and your hand becomes cold. C) Your hand gains energy D) The can loses energy
Answers
why bone grow in bidirectional
Answers
Explanation:
Bones grow in different directions because they need to support the body in different ways. The different directions allow for flexibility and strength.
The number of AIDS cases in the United States has fallen dramatically over the last decade.
O True
O False
Answers
During alcoholic fermentation, when is NAD+ converted to NADH -- during the conversion of glucose to pyruvate (glycolysis) or during the conversion of pyruvate to alcohol?
Answers
Answer:
During the conversion of glucose to pyruvate glycolysis or during the conversion of pyruvate to alcohol
Explanation:
During the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, NAD+ is converted into NADH.
What is alcoholic fermentation?Alcoholic fermentation is a biological process that converts sugars into cellular energy while emitting ethanol and carbon dioxide as byproducts.
The NADH + H+ from glycolysis would be recycled back to NAD+ during the fermentation process, allowing glycolysis to continue. NAD+ is reduced during glycolysis to form NADH + H+.
Thus, during this, when glucose is converted to pyruvate, NAD+ is being converted to NADH.
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Cells are the basic units of ____ and _____ in all forms of life
Answers
Answer:
structural and functional
Explanation:
Hope it helps you
Which statement describes the most likely effect of introducing aninvasive species to an ecosystem?A. It will make the ecosystem less stable, because invasivespecies have no natural predators and can outcompetenative species.B. It will increase the prey population, because predators nowhave a new food source.C. It will stabilize the ecosystem, because increasedbiodiversity always leads to a more stable ecosystem.D. It will lead to increased biodiversity, because a newspecies has been added to the ecosystem.
Answers
Answer
The correct answer to this question is the first one: A. It will make the ecosystem less stable, because invasive species have no natural predators, and can outcompete native species.
Explanation
Invasive species use to have a negative impact upon biodiversity, because they have not coevolved with the biotic and the abiotic elements
4. The ATP yield from 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH under aerobic conditions in a eukaryotic cell would be: which option is correct a) 1 mole of ATP b) 2 moles of ATP c) 3 moles of ATP d) 4 moles of ATP e) 6 moles of ATP
Answers
The ATP yield from 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH under aerobic conditions in a eukaryotic cell is approximately 4 moles of ATP.
During oxidative phosphorylation, each mole of NADH can generate around 2.5 to 3 moles of ATP. Therefore, for 2 moles of NADH, the total ATP production would be in the range of 4 to 6 moles of ATP. While the more precise estimate falls within the 4 to 6 moles range, the closest option provided is 4 moles of ATP. It is important to note that the exact ATP yield can vary depending on factors such as the efficiency of the electron transport chain and the specific conditions within the cell.Since there are 2 moles of mitochondrial NADH, the total ATP yield would be around 4 to 6 moles of ATP. However, the most accurate option among the given choices is 4 moles of ATP.
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Which of the following is an external stimulus? O A hunger O B. sunlight O c. instinct OD. tropism
Answers
Answer:
Sunlight
Explanation:
Light is an external stimulus for plants. In response to light, plants exhibit phototropism
If the gene sequence of DNA is
TACGGACCAG
what will the complementary mRNA sequence be that is made during transcription
Answers
The complementary mRNA sequence that is made during transcription from the given DNA sequence TACGGACCAG will be:
AUGCCUGGUCC
What is transcription ?
During transcription, the DNA sequence is used as a template to synthesize an mRNA molecule, where each nucleotide in the DNA sequence is complementary to a nucleotide in the mRNA sequence. In RNA, the nucleotide uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) found in DNA. So, the complementary RNA sequence to the given DNA sequence will have uracil in place of thymine. Thus, the mRNA sequence will have the complementary sequence to the DNA sequence as shown above.
What is DNA?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a long molecule made up of repeating units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T).
The order of the nucleotides in the DNA sequence determines the genetic information of an organism. DNA is the genetic material that is passed down from parents to offspring and contains the instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of all living organisms.
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pls answer fast i’m in a hurry
Answers
Answer:
I don't think there is enough information for me to answer this
Explanation:
Answer:
Answer is 0% because if brown is reccesive, there is a purebred dominant, which always covers up the reccesive allele
Explanation:
Quagga mussels, an invasive species of mollusk originally from
Russia, have been introduced to the lake after being carried in on
the hulls of boats. An assessment of the size of the quagga
mussel problem is needed, along with suggestions to curb their
population growth.
what field of science is this?
Answers
This is a problem in the field of ecology.
The problem of quagga mussels in the lake is an ecological issue that requires scientific assessment and management.
It falls under the discipline of ecology, which studies the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Ecologists investigate the impacts of invasive species on the ecosystem and devise strategies to control their spread and minimize their effects.
In this case, scientists will need to examine the size of the quagga mussel population, their distribution, and their ecological interactions with native species.
They will also need to recommend measures to prevent further introduction of quagga mussels and to manage their population growth, such as using chemical treatments or biological controls.
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How are the studies performed on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the moss Pleurozium schreberi and the desert shrub Atriplex lentiformis similar? Both studies are coupled to enzymatic activity. Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity. Both studies examine the effects of microclimates and studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. Both studies examine the effects of microclimates.
Answers
Answer:
Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity.
Explanation:
The studies shown in the question above started from the same concept to establish the scientific experiment and had the same objective related to the investigation as temperature changes in the environment where these organisms live influences the enzymatic activity and, therefore, the functioning of their organism, being able to including modifying the environment around them. In summary, we can say that the studies sought to support the concept that species operate within a narrow range of optimal temperature and are coupled with enzymatic activity.
do you think there should be government regulation against known carcinogenic
Answers
Based on scientific evidence, exposure to carcinogenic substances can have adverse health effects and governments should take necessary actions to regulate the use and disposal of known carcinogenic substances.
Thus, many countries have implemented regulations on carcinogenic substances based on the scientific evidence, such as asbestos, tobacco, etc. to be used in industrial processes which limit the use or sale of certain substances.
Regulation can play a critical role in protecting individuals from the harmful effects of carcinogenic substances. The regulations on carcinogen substances have potential economic impact on industries that use these substances. However, these regulations should be based on the scientific evidence and the potential risks associated with it.
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what is a nucleotide and how does it determine the structure of DNA
Answers
Answer:
A Nucleotide is a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
advantages of being sessile in invertebrate
Answers
Answer:
Sessile organisms benefit from lower energy expenditure than motile creatures and can thus subsist on relatively low amounts of food, as they have a low metabolic rate.
5. For a plant, sunlight is an example of
Answers
Answer:food
Explanation:
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
F
adenine + phosphate group + thymine
G
cytosine + phosphate group + guanine
H
deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase
J
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosin
Answers
Answer:
H
Explanation:
Answer:
J
Explanation
A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (in this case, deoxyribose), a phosphate group and a nitrogenous group. Based on this definition of a nucleotide, J would be the most appropriate answer as it lists deoxyribose (sugar molecule), a phosphate group and the nitrogenous base cytosine.
Which balances the equation Mg + O2 → MgO?
Mg + 2O2 → 4MgO
2Mg + 2O2 → 2MgO
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
2Mg + 2O2 → 4MgO
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
got it right on edge 2020
Considering the law of conservation of matter, the correct answer is third option: 2 Mg + O₂ → 2 MgO
The law of conservation of matter states that since no atom can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, the number of atoms that are present in the reagents has to be equal to the number of atoms present in the products.
Then, you must balance the chemical equation. For that, you must first look at the subscripts next to each atom to find the number of atoms in the equation. If the same atom appears in more than one molecule, you must add its amounts.
So, in the case of Mg + O₂ → MgO, you have:
Left side: 1 Mg and 2 O. Right side: 1 Mg and 1 O.The coefficients of each molecule below indicate the amount of each molecule for the reaction. This coefficient can be modified to balance the equation, just as you should never alter the subscripts.
By multiplying the coefficient mentioned by the subscript, you get the amount of each element present in the reaction.
So, balancing the O to obtain the same amount in the reactants and products you get:
Mg + O₂ → 2 MgO
So you have:
Left side: 1 Mg and 2 O. Right side: 2 Mg and 2 O.
Since you still don't have the same amount of Mg on both sides, the equation is not balanced. Therefore, balancing the equation again:
2 Mg + O₂ → 2 MgO
So you have:
Left side: 2 Mg and 2 O. Right side: 2 Mg and 2 O.Now you have the same amount of each element on each side of the reaction, so the reaction is balanced.
Finally, the correct answer is third option: 2 Mg + O₂ → 2 MgO
Learn more:
https://brainly.com/question/14245470?referrer=searchResultshttps://brainly.com/question/12402422?referrer=searchResultsExplain why different cells with different jobs still have identical DNA in their
nucleus. How does this work?
Answers
Answer:
Every nucleus has the same subjects in your body, they might have different jobs to do in the human body but they are allthe same DNA type because oh the blood strans.
Explanation:
9. Estimate (your best guess) what percent of the Amazon jungle is indigenous territory.
Answers
Answer:
Approx. 35%
Explanation:
Inside the Amazonian forest, over 3,000 indigenous domains have been established. 35 percent of the Amazon forest reflects these regions. 49.4 % of the ecosystem seems to be under form of control and conservation when nature reserves are applied to this figure.
For children from two to five, chikcare spaces are best organized into centers for play.
True or false ?
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
There are different forms of energy and one form of energy can be converted into another. When we light a wax candle, the process is highly exothermic and on burning, the chemical energy of the wax gets converted into heat and light. A good source of energy is to be selected for the choice of work to be done. In ancient times, wood was the most common source of heat energy. We, in our daily lives, use various energy sources for doing the work. Nowadays we use diesel and electricity to run trains. We also use fossil fuels in vehicles which has some serious disadvantages, mainly air pollution. The recent example of air pollution was ‘Smog’ in the National Capital Region of Delhi. This pollution was a result of burning ‘Parali’ in northern states of the country, which affected the eyes and also caused serious respiratory problems.
4(a) State the energy conversion that takes place when we light a wax candle. 1
4(b) List two criteria of selecting a source of energy for a specific work. 1
4(c) Write the names of two fossil fuels. 1
4(d) why are we looking at alternate sources of energy? 1
Answers
Answer:
shiii tbh thats hard
Explanation:
Write one scientific question about the organism in the photo.
Answers
Answer:
How does the bird's long beak help it survive?
Explanation:
It could be to crack nuts or to help dig up bugs. This should work unless the question needs to be about cells and stuff.
Answer:
How long can a bird fly before taking a break
Explanation: