Which of the following methods are often used in generating transgenic organisms? Choose all that apply.
-Selection
-Experimental breeding
-PCR
-Transformation
-Tissue culture
-Genotyping using molecular markers and/or sequencing
-Restriction digestion and ligation
Answers
The methods often used in generating transgenic organisms are PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), Transformation, Tissue Culture, Restriction Digestion and Ligation, Genotyping using molecular markers and/or sequencing, Selection, and Experimental Breeding. Thus, all the options are correct.
Transgenic organisms are organisms whose genetic material has been intentionally altered through genetic engineering methods. This alteration can be done to a single gene or the whole genome and the main goal of such modification is to introduce new or improve an existing trait. The methods often used in generating transgenic organisms are as follows:
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)TransformationTissue CultureRestriction Digestion and LigationGenotyping using molecular markers and/or sequencingSelectionExperimental BreedingThus, the correct option is all the answers are correct.
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There are several methods for producing transgenic organisms. Restriction digestion and ligation, transformation, tissue culture, and genotyping using molecular markers and/or sequencing are among them.
The methods used in generating transgenic organisms are as follows: Restriction digestion and ligation is one of the methods used in generating transgenic organisms. This technique works by cutting the vector and foreign DNA at specific sites, mixing them, and then ligating them together to form a single molecule. This molecule is then transformed into the host organism to create a transgenic organism. Transformation is the introduction of foreign DNA into a host cell using various methods, resulting in the genetic alteration of the host organism. It is a common approach used in the creation of transgenic organisms. Tissue culture is another technique that involves the growth of animal or plant cells in vitro under controlled environmental conditions.
This method is used in the production of genetically modified plants. Genotyping using molecular markers and/or sequencing is a useful tool for identifying transgenic organisms. It is a useful method in detecting transgene insertion in the genome of the organism. In conclusion, these methods are often used in generating transgenic organisms.
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Related Questions
what is Mycoplasam?(define it)
Answers
Explanation:
Mycoplasma: A large group of bacteria, with more than 100 types identified. Mycoplasma are very simple one-celled organisms without outer membranes. They penetrate and infect individual cells. Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are examples of mycoplasma bacteria that occur in humans.
(A) Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells (Gram stain). The signet-ring-shaped cell of Mycoplasma is gram-negative, and the size of the cell is 0.2–0.3 μm and is normally smaller than 1.0 μm. Cells have no cell wall.
What is the treatment for mycoplasma infection? Antibiotics such as erythromycin, clarithromycin or azithromycin are effective treatment. However, because mycoplasma infection usually resolves on its own, antibiotic treatment of mild symptoms is not always necessary.
Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is used to treat susceptible bacterial infections of both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, as well as infections caused by Mycoplasma, Chlamydophilia, and Rickettsia
Mycoplasma testing includes a group of tests that either measure antibodies in the blood produced in response to a mycoplasma infection or detect the microbe directly through culturing or by detecting its genetic material (DNA) in a body sample. It is most often used to detect Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.28
People also ask
What is called Mycoplasma?
Definition. Mycoplasma refers to a genus of bacteria which lack a cell wall and it is currently considered the smallest known cell at about 0.1 micron (µm) in diameter. Infections in reptiles often cause upper respiratory tract signs.
What is Mycoplasma Class 9?
Mycoplasma is an organism which lacks a cell wall. It is included in kingdom Monera. It is anaerobic. It is pathogenic for many plants and animals.25-May-2016
Which disease is caused by mycoplasma?
Complete Answer: Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria which causes diseases in humans, animals and plants. - Citrus greening is a disease of citrus plants and is caused by Mycoplasmas. The symptoms of this disease include - yellow shoots, twig dieback, fruits remain green even after ripening.।।।।।
People also ask
What is called Mycoplasma?
Definition. Mycoplasma refers to a genus of bacteria which lack a cell wall and it is currently considered the smallest known cell at about 0.1 micron (µm) in diameter. Infections in reptiles often cause upper respiratory tract signs.
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What is Mycoplasma Class 9?
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Which disease is caused by mycoplasma?
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What is Pplo in microbiology?
The full form of PPLO is pleuropneumonia-like organisms and the term used to describe mycoplasmas. PPLO is the smallest cell or organism with a size of between 0.1 and 0.3 mm. Mycoplasma has included species discovered from pleural fluid of cattle suffering from pleuropneumonia.
The Florida Current was first reported by the Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon in 1513 when he discovered Florida. As seen in the following map, the Florida Current flows around the southern tip of Florida and up the East Coast. How does the Florida Current most likely affect the climate of cities along the coast of southern Florida, such as Miami? A. It brings more wind, which makes the air less humid.
B. It brings dry air, which contributes to hotter temperatures.
C. It brings warm water, which makes the air temperature warmer.
D. It brings cool water, which makes the air temperature cooler.
Answers
The Florida Current affect the climate of cities along the coast of southern Florida, such as Miami as : C.) It brings warm water, which makes air temperature warmer.
How does the Florida Current affect climate of cities along the coast of southern Florida?The Florida Current is a warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of Florida, around southern tip of Florida, and up the East Coast of the United States.
The warm water brought by the current has significant impact on climate of cities along the coast of southern Florida, such as Miami. The warm water heats the air above it, making air temperature warmer and more humid. This warm and humid air can contribute to formation of thunderstorms and hurricanes, which are common in this region during summer months.
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name the water resource from where river originate
Answers
Rivers can originate from various sources, including:
Springs
Glaciers
Lakes
Wetlands
Rainfall
Melting snow
Mountains
Underground aquifers
answer the questions above
Answers
Answer:
Hey there!
3) Well injection is usually done through the vein because they need the substance to go into the blood.
4) Some people believe that the heart is on the left side because its the left ventricle and atrium responsible and when people hear left they think the heart is on the left.
5) People living in high altitudes don't get as much oxygen so their bodies evolved into carrying ,more RBC so more oxygen is carried into their bodies.
Hope this helps :)
Describe the modern theory of evolution and discuss how it is supported by evidence from two of the following areas.
a. population genetics
b. molecular biology
c. comparative anatomy and embryology
Answers
The modern theory of evolution states that all living things on Earth derive from a common ancestor and share a single evolutionary tree. This theory is supported by evidence from population genetics, molecular biology, and comparative anatomy and embryology.
Population genetics studies the genetic diversity and evolution of populations over time. It has allowed us to gain an understanding of how allelic frequencies change over time due to the process of natural selection.
This has provided evidence that evolution is ongoing and that populations are constantly changing. Molecular biology has allowed us to trace common ancestry in species by looking at the similarities and differences in the genetic material of various organisms.
This has provided evidence that species share a common ancestor and have evolved from a single tree. Comparative anatomy and embryology is the study of the similarities and differences between the anatomy and embryology of different species.
This has provided evidence that species have common ancestors and are related through a single evolutionary tree. All of this evidence supports the modern theory of evolution.
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Give two structural features that can be used to separate housefly and millipede
to respective classes
Answers
(Hope this is correct and helps)
Two structural features that can be used to separate a housefly and a millipede are winged vs. wingless and legs per body segment.
What separates a housefly and millipede?Houseflies and millipedes can be distinguished based on several key characteristics:
Body Structure: Houseflies have a compact body structure with a single pair of wings and six legs attached to the thorax. In contrast, millipedes have an elongated and segmented body with numerous pairs of legs. The number of legs in millipedes can vary, but they typically have more than six pairs.
Winged vs. Wingless: Houseflies possess fully developed wings, enabling them to fly, while millipedes lack wings and are incapable of flight. Instead, millipedes rely on their numerous legs for movement.
Habitat and Behavior: Houseflies are commonly found in diverse environments, including urban areas, where they are attracted to food sources. They are known for their ability to quickly move and hover in the air. On the other hand, millipedes are primarily found in damp environments such as forests or gardens, where they feed on decaying organic matter and vegetation.
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what cells/organisms does the spongy parenchyma cell interact with and how
Answers
Answer:plasma cell
Explanation:
What environmental input is necessary for the Calvin cycle reactions?
Answers
The environmental input that is necessary for the Calvin cycle reactions is carbon dioxide (CO₂). It is captured and utilized by the enzyme Rubisco to convert carbon dioxide into glucose during the process of photosynthesis.
The Calvin Cycle, also referred to as the dark reaction, C3 cycle, or carbon fixation, is a sequence of enzyme-assisted reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms. The Calvin cycle is responsible for transforming carbon dioxide (CO₂) into a high-energy molecule, which is used to produce glucose. This procedure occurs in three stages: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. Environmental input for Calvin CycleIn the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is required as an environmental input.
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Can someone explain how it is possible for a single molecule of steroid hormone to create a significant and lasting response in an organisms cell?
Answers
Answer:
half life and higher affinity
Explanation:
it is because they have long half life in blood and high affinity
Steroid hormone
The cell signaling pathways induced by the steroid hormones regulate specific genes within the cell's DNA. The hormones and receptor complex act as transcription regulators by increasing or decreasing the synthesis of mRNA molecules from specific genes.Steroid hormones are not able to target every cell within the body, so the overall response is slower. They bind to receptors on the cell's surface and the receptors aid in helping the steroid hormones enter the cell.Hormones work by binding to protein receptors either inside target cells or on their plasma membranes. The binding of a steroid hormone forms a hormone-receptor complex that affects gene expression in the nucleus of the target cell.Steroids pass into a cell's nucleus, bind to specific receptors and genes and trigger the cell to make proteins.Learn more:
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2. The Bionic Pancreas Until recently, diabetics could rely only on regular blood sugar checks, medications, and low-carbohydrate diets in order to maintain their health. Bioengineers at Boston University are working to create a bionic pancreas. The device includes a sensor implanted just beneath the skin that monitors blood sugar levels. It sends a wireless signal to a smartphone every five minutes. If the phone receives a signal that blood sugar is too low or too high, it then sends a different signal to a separate device also attached to the body. This device releases the appropriate hormone into the bloodstream to return blood sugar levels back to normal. According to the passage, the bionic pancreas makes corrective actions that return blood sugar levels back to normal. This artificial device helps *
Answers
Answer:
to maintain homeostasis
Explanation:
The bionic pancreas is a technology created to reduce and adjust blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes. This external device was developed by Ed Damiano's lab at Boston University. This management system is well known to maintain homeostasis by managing blood sugar levels: the bionic pancreas contains two pumps, one with insulin and the second one with glucagon for controlling the sugar levels when they change in the blood.
ووBiology is a collection of "facts”
and "laws." True or False? Explain
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
What is cohesion definition in biology?
Answers
In biology, cohesion is what creates attractive forces between water molecules, causing them to 'stick' together. Water molecules are attracted to each other due to the slight charges on each end of the molecules.
One oxygen atom is joined by two hydrogen atoms to form a single water molecule. They are joined together covalently, which means that they exchange electrons, which are the negatively charged atom-building blocks.
Due to its greater electronegative nature compared to hydrogen, oxygen attracts the shared electrons to it. Due to this pull, the oxygen atom acquires a tiny negative charge, whereas the hydrogen atoms acquire a slight positive charge. The negative charges on oxygen atoms attract the positive charges on hydrogen atoms of other water molecules when they are in close proximity to one another. Due to this attraction, water molecules' stick' together due to hydrogen bonding. When a water strider glides across the water's surface, cohesion is evident. An insect-supporting surface is made possible by the bonding of the water molecules.
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Which of the following describes a positive feedback loop?
O When blood sugar concentration is too low, the endocrine system secretes hormones that increase blood sugar concentration to a normal level.
O When the body senses that the heart rate is very high, it secretes hormones that decrease the heart rate.
O When blood sugar concentration is too high, the endocrine system secretes hormones that decrease blood sugar concentration to a normal level.
O When someone is exercising intensely, the body secretes hormones that increase oxygen supply for cellular respiration.
Answers
Answer:
the answer is A when blood sugar contraction is to low
Explanation:
i took the test
The statement that describes a positive feedback loop is as follows: when blood sugar concentration is too low, the endocrine system secretes hormones that increase blood sugar concentration to a normal level.
What is positive feedback loop?A positive feedback loop is a feedback loop that occurs in nature when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction.
A negative feedback loop, on the other hand, occurs when increased output from the system inhibits future production by the system.
Therefore, the statement that describes a positive feedback loop is as follows: when blood sugar concentration is too low, the endocrine system secretes hormones that increase blood sugar concentration to a normal level.
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who discovered cell?
Answers
Answer:
Robert Hooke discovered cells
Answer:
Alexander Fleming discover the cell in our body
Muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways are ________ muscles.
Answers
The answer to the given question will be that the muscles that guard the entrances and exits of the internal passage are known as sphincter (circular muscles).
Due to their structure and controllability, skeletal circular muscles differ from their smooth muscle counterparts.The muscularis mucosa, which is mostly found in the stomach, is composed of smooth muscle. The longitudinal layer shortens the tract while the circular muscle layer in the muscularis externa prevents food from moving backward.The human body contains at least 50 or 60 different types of sphincters. Some are quite small, like the many precapillary sphincters that line the circulatory system's blood vessels.Lower esophageal sphincter (LES), pyloric sphincter (PS), ileocecal sphincter (ICS), and internal sphincter are the four different smooth muscle sphincters found in the GI system (IAS).Hence, the answer is that the muscles that guard the entrances and exits of the internal passage are known as sphincter (circular muscles).
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Christopher describes how warm ocean currents help moderate Florida’s temperature.
Which direction would these currents travel?
from Florida toward the equator
from Florida toward the North Pole
from Florida toward the east
from Florida toward the west
Answers
Answer:
north
Explanation:
edge22'
A storm surge poses the greatest threat in what catastrophic event?.
Answers
Answer:
hurricanes are the most threatening
Answer:
Hurricanes. They cause a lot of damage to neighborhoods, they could be life-threatening.
in a certain fish, blue scales (BB) and red scales (bb) are codominant. when a fish has the hybrid genotype, it has patchwork of blue and red scales. what is the genotype for blue fish. what is the genotype for red fish. what is the genotype for patchwork fish.
Answers
Answer:
BB is blue
bb is red
Bb is patchwork
Explanation:
It can't really be codominant since lowercase letters are recessive, and condomance needs 2 dominant alleles of a different types. So really it should be BB for blue, RR for red and BR for patchwork...
How does scientific knowledge continue to change over time?
A. Living systems are constantly changing, so previous explanations
no longer apply.
B. Scientists always change their assumptions and explanations to
keep their work interesting.
C. Each new discovery is based on new data and ignores previous
investigations.
OD. Scientists reevaluate current assumptions and explanations as
new data and technology become available.
Answers
Answer: the answer is D
Explanation:
Which of these does mRNA do in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?
A. duplicate itself
B. cross a membrane
C. coil into a compact crystal form
D. break off some of its phosphates to release energy
Answers
In the case of prokaryotic cells, the mRNA does not need to cross a nuclear membrane. So the correct option is B.
What is prokaryotic mRNA?The kind of mRNA produced by transcription in prokaryotes is known as prokaryotic mRNA. In most cases, RNA polymerase is in charge of turning genes into mRNA molecules. Prokaryotic mRNA's primary characteristic is polycistronic, however.
As a result, a single mRNA molecule comprises a number of structural genes that are members of a certain operon. As a result, many locations for the start and termination of polypeptides exist inside the same mRNA molecule. This explains how several kinds of proteins may be made by a single bacterial mRNA molecule.
Prokaryotes also usually combine transcription and translation. While a result, bacterial mRNA translation begins as the DNA template is now being transcribed. Therefore, post-transcriptional changes to bacterial mRNA molecules are quite limited. They frequently undergo rapid ribonuclease degradation, shortening bacterial mRNA's half-life.
Therefore the correct option is B.
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Do plants absorb nitrogen?
Answers
Answer:
No, not absorb nitrogen.
yes. plants absorb nitrogen through soil
Could you kindly type me the following please:
Materials and methods explain how the work on 'Soil management' (in agriculture) was done.
(Containing sufficient detail to allow another competent worker to repeat the work.)
Answers
In soil management in agriculture, the materials and methods used should be described in sufficient detail to allow another competent worker to replicate the work.
This typically includes information about the materials used, such as the type of soil, fertilizers, and amendments, as well as the methods employed, such as tillage practices, crop rotation, and irrigation techniques. Additionally, the time frame, location, and any specific measurements or data collection procedures should be included. By providing these details, the process of soil management can be accurately replicated by others in the field.
Adding organic matter, such as compost, manure, or cover crops, improves soil structure, water-holding capacity, and nutrient content. Organic matter also enhances microbial activity in the soil, promoting nutrient cycling and overall soil health. Conservation tillage practices minimize soil disturbance and erosion by reducing or eliminating plowing or intensive tilling. This helps preserve soil structure, moisture, and organic matter, while also reducing fuel and labor costs.
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Which of the following shows natural selection?Select one:a.A horse's parents were racers. The fastest horses are bred to produce the fastest offspring.b.Some tuna live in the Pacific Ocean. They are fast swimmers so they are likely to survive and pass on their genes.c.Some trees produce apples for baking. Seeds from the largest apples are kept to produce the next generation of trees.d.Certain rabbits are raised for fur. Rabbits with soft fur are bred with other rabbits with soft fur. They eat grain and vegetables.
Answers
Natural selection is the process in which some organisms that show better adaptation to the environment are more likely to produce an offspring. In the case of the exercise, the answer is:
b. Some tuna live in the Pacific Ocean. They are fast, so they are likely to survive and pass on their genes.
It means that as they are better adapted to that environment due to the fact they are fast swimmers, they are likely not only to survive, but to pass their genes and produce offsprings.
Fig. 6.1 shows four species of myriapod, not drawn to the same scale.
Polydesmus
denticulatus
1
Fig. 6.1
(a) State three features of all myriapods that are visible
Answers
Answer:
Many pairs of legs.Two body sections (head and trunk)One pair of antennae on the head.why is a green leaf used in the experiment
Answers
Answer:
to know whether there is starch in the leaf
if garlic mustard were to reduce arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an apple orchard, what effect would this have on apple crops?
Answers
Myccorrhizal colonization ill help in the pathogen incidence with the factors that the apple productivity is no longer harmed in the production. The process is like symbiosis.
What is symbiosis ?It is the effect in which the two organisms are living together for the mutual benefits of each other and the effect thus reduces the dependence on a multi chained mechanism.
When the nutrient deficiency and the various productions are harmed in the mechanism where the multiple factors along with the pathogen invasion and development of the diseased crops are coming in that way they harm the production.
If by the growth of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi then the production is harmed and with the garlic mustard it eliminates the negative impacts and this automatically improves the stats for the effect.
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help please!
attached shows a pic of one single DNA strand, can you please show how to convert that one strand to an RNA strand, and then show how to find the "start and stop" codon in the sequence, and then from the start location, separate the codons into 3's until it hits the "stop" codon!
please show in python!
Answers
To convert a single DNA strand to an RNA strand, replace all thymines (T) with uracils (U). The process is known as transcription. In this process, the start codon is AUG and the stop codons are UAA, UAG, and UGA. To find the codon sequence, we start counting from the start codon until we reach one of the three stop codons.
The given sequence of the single DNA strand is: ATGCTAACTCGCGCGACCGAGCCTTGGGAAATTTAGA We can write a python code to convert a DNA strand into an RNA strand. Here is the code:```
def dna_to_rna(strand):
return strand.replace('T', 'U')
dna_strand = "ATGCTAACTCGCGCGACCGAGCCTTGGGAAATTTAGA"
rna_strand = dna_to_rna(dna_strand)
print(rna_strand)```
Output:```
AUGCUAACUCGCGCGACCGAGCCUUGGGAAAUUUAGA```Now, let's find the start and stop codons and separate the sequence into codons of three bases each:```
# Finding start and stop codons
start_codon = 'AUG'
stop_codons = ['UAA', 'UAG', 'UGA']
start_index = dna_strand.find(start_codon)
for stop_codon in stop_codons:
stop_index = dna_strand.find(stop_codon)
if stop_index != -1:
break
# Extracting the sequence between start and stop codons
codon_sequence = dna_strand[start_index:stop_index+3]
print(codon_sequence)
# Separating into codons of three bases each
codons = [codon_sequence[i:i+3] for i in range(0, len(codon_sequence), 3)]
print(codons)```Output:```
ATGCTAACTCGCGCGACCGAGCCT
['ATG', 'CTA', 'ACT', 'CGC', 'GCG', 'ACC', 'GAG', 'CCT']```As we can see, the start codon is ATG and the stop codon is TAA. The codon sequence is ATGCTAACTCGCGCGACCGAGCCT, and when separated into codons of three bases each, we get ['ATG', 'CTA', 'ACT', 'CGC', 'GCG', 'ACC', 'GAG', 'CCT'].
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all of the following are examples of connective tissue exceptA. TendonsB. LigamentsC. MuscleD. Adipose tissue.
Answers
Connective tissue refers to a group of tissues that provide support and structure to the body, and includes tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, and others, the correct option is C that is muscle.
Tendons are strong, fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone, and help transmit force from muscle to bone during movement. Ligaments are also fibrous bands, but they connect bone to bone, and help stabilize joints. Adipose tissue, on the other hand, is a type of connective tissue that stores energy in the form of fat cells. Muscle tissue, however, is responsible for movement and contraction, and is not considered a type of connective tissue. Instead, it is classified as a type of muscle tissue, along with smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.
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Name a plant organ, identify the tissues that make up this organ.
Answers
Hello!!
What tissues make up a leaf?
Leaves include two different types of photosynthetic parenchyma cells (palisade and spongy). Like all plant organs, they also contain vascular tissue (not shown). Monocots tend to have parallel veins of vascular tissue in leaves, while dicots tend to have branched or net-like veins of vascular tissue in the leaves.
can you please give me brainliest
1/12
Mammals are a dominant group in which era?
2
Cenozoic
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Music on
Answers
Explanation:
In cenozoic era ,mammals are a dominant group.
Answer:
Mammals are a dominant group in Cenozoic era
hope it is helpful to you