Which of the following is NOT used to stabilize the quaternary structure of a protein with multiple subunits?
a. Hydrophobic Interactions
b. Hydrogen Bonds
c. Van der Waals forces
d. Disulfide linkages
e. Ionic Bonds
Answers
b) Hydrogen Bonds are not typically used to stabilize the quaternary structure of a protein with multiple subunits(b).
While hydrogen bonds can contribute to the stabilization of a protein's secondary and tertiary structures, the quaternary structure is primarily stabilized by other forces such as hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals forces, disulfide linkages, and ionic bonds.
Hydrophobic interactions involve the clustering of nonpolar amino acid residues in the interior of a protein, away from the aqueous environment. Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from fluctuations in electron density.
Disulfide linkages form between two cysteine residues and contribute to the stability of a protein's structure. Ionic bonds result from electrostatic interactions between charged amino acid residues.
Overall, the quaternary structure of a protein is typically stabilized by a combination of these forces, with hydrogen bonds playing a lesser role.
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Related Questions
what is the heating curve on the horizontal line
Answers
Answer:
The plateaus or horizontal lines on the graph represent the transition between states of the sample. The first plateau represents the melting (or transition from solid to liquid) and the second plateau represents boiling (or transition from liquid to gas).
Explanation:
hy is the ammonium salt of lidocaine used rather than the amine? The ammonium salt (lidocaine hydrochloride) is O less flavorful less acidid more soluble more reactive in water and body fluids than the amine lidocaine.
Answers
The ammonium salt is more preferred and used than the amine.
What are the differences between ammonium and amine salt?The ammonium salt of lidocaine, specifically lidocaine hydrochloride, is often used instead of the amine form of lidocaine for several reasons:
Solubility: The ammonium salt form of lidocaine has higher solubility in water and body fluids compared to the amine form. This improved solubility allows for easier formulation of lidocaine solutions for medical applications.Stability: The ammonium salt form of lidocaine is more stable than the amine form. It is less prone to degradation and has a longer shelf life, making it more suitable for storage and use in pharmaceutical preparations.Reactivity: The ammonium salt form of lidocaine exhibits higher reactivity in water and body fluids. This increased reactivity enhances its ability to dissolve and disperse in biological environments, facilitating its pharmacological action.Taste and acidity: The ammonium salt form of lidocaine is generally less flavorful and less acidic compared to the amine form. This makes it more palatable and less likely to cause discomfort or irritation when administered orally or topically.Overall, the use of the ammonium salt form of lidocaine, such as lidocaine hydrochloride, offers advantages in terms of solubility, stability, reactivity, and taste, making it a preferred choice for various medical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Two ions have a different number of
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons; in ions the number of electrons is different from the number of protons. Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What type of reaction is the following:
lodine + Calcium + Calcium lodide
Answers
Answer:
This is called combination reaction
A vial contains radioactive idodine-131 with an activity of 2.0 mci/ml. if a thyroid test requires 3.9 mci is an atomic cocktail, how many milliliters are used to prepare the idodine-131 solution?
Answers
1.95 milliliters are used to prepare the idodine-131 solution.
an activity of iodine-131 = 2.0 mCi/ml
If the solution has an activity of 2.0 mCi/mL, one milliliter has the radioactivity of 2.0 mCi.
V = 3.9 mCi / (2.0 mCi/ml)
V = 1.95 ml; volume used to prepare the iodine-131 solution
The radioactivity (the unit curie (Ci)) is the number of radioactive decays per second.
In this example, the unit for the radioactivity is millicurie (mCi).
The curie (Ci) is named after scientist Marie Curie.
Iodine-131 is a radioactive isotope treat the thyroid gland. Radioactive iodine emits gamma waves and beta particles.
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What are the 3 types of zeros?
Answers
Captive zeros
Trailing zeros
which technology would be the most useful in predicting an eruption from an undersea volcano and why
Answers
Answer: Infrasound because sound waves travel easily through water to accessible buoys.
Explanation: its installation: underwater microphones hung from buoys near a volcano. how it works: senses low-frequency sound waves near a volcano. Since in its installation it specifies that it has UNDERWATER microphones and the question asks in predicting an eruption from an UNDERSEA volcano, that makes perfect sense.
Volcanologists utilize a technique called infrasound monitoring to pick up low-frequency pitches that are inaudible to human hearing and to pick up rumblings and explosions inside volcanoes. A crater can be altered by volcanic activity, which alters the shape of the infrasonic sound waves that are emitted by the volcano.
What is volcano ?An opening in the crust of a planet or moon known as a volcano allows molten rock, heated gases, and other things to erupt. As layers of rock and ash accumulate from numerous eruptions, volcanoes frequently take the form of a hill or mountain. There are three types of volcanoes: active, dormant, and extinct.
Seismographic detection of the earthquakes and tremor that almost invariably precede eruptions, as well as exact measurements of the ground deformation that frequently coincides with the ascent of magma, are just a few of the many methods that scientists employ to monitor volcanoes.
Tiny movements along a volcano can be a sign of an impending eruption because of rock fractures along the magma chamber. Scientists can enter this data and utilize GPS and satellites to measure this deformation.
Thus, A crater can be altered by volcanic activity, which alters the shape of the infrasonic sound waves that are emitted by the volcano.
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Vertical sashes should be closed except when
- Measuring the airflow of a hood
- Access to equipment inside the hood is necessary
- There is some chemical reaction occurring inside the hood
- One expects an explosion
Answers
Vertical sashes in a fume hood are an important safety feature that help to contain hazardous materials and protect the user. Typically, these sashes should be closed at all times except when certain circumstances arise. For instance, they may need to be opened to measure the airflow of a hood.
Which is essential for ensuring proper ventilation and preventing dangerous buildup of fumes or vapors. Similarly, if there is a need to access equipment inside the hood, the sashes may be opened temporarily. In some cases, if there is a chemical reaction occurring inside the hood, the sashes may need to be opened slightly to allow for proper ventilation. Finally, if there is an expectation of an explosion, the Vertical sashes should be opened to minimize the risk of injury. In general, it is important to follow proper safety procedures and guidelines when working with fume hood to ensure the safety of both the user and the surrounding environment.
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2. Which metal reacted most vigorously when placed in the acid? Give evidence to
support your answer.
Answers
Answer:
The alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) are the most reactive metals in the periodic table – they all react vigorously or even explosively with cold water, resulting in the displacement of hydrogen.
Explanation:
The metal that reacted most vigorously when placed in the acid is sodium, as it is an alkali metal.
What are alkali metals?At standard temperature and pressure, all of the bright, soft, extremely reactive alkali metals rapidly shed their outermost electron to create cations with charge +1.
One of the most reactive metals is the alkali metal. They have greater atomic radii and low ionization energies, which contribute to this. They have an oxidation state of 1, and they frequently give electrons during reactions. These metals stand out for their supple texture and silvery hue.
The alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr) are the most reactive metals in the periodic table – they all react vigorously or even explosively with cold water, resulting in the displacement of hydrogen.
Therefore, the correct option is d. sodium.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
Oxygen
magnesium
iron
sodium
What is the purpose of adding sodium sulfate to the organic layer after extraction?.
Answers
a chemical that bonds to the active site of an enzyme, thus blocking its function is known as a _______ inhibitor
Answers
A chemical that bonds to the active site of an enzyme, thus blocking its function, is known as a competitive inhibitor.
What is the term for a chemical that blocks an enzyme's active site?A competitive inhibitor is a type of inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding and blocking the enzyme's function.
The active site is the specific region of the enzyme where the substrate binds and undergoes a chemical reaction.
By occupying the active site, the competitive inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding, reducing the enzyme's catalytic activity.
The term "competitive" refers to the competition between the inhibitor and the substrate for binding to the active site.
When the concentration of the competitive inhibitor is high, it becomes more likely to bind to the active site, reducing the availability of the active site for the substrate.
However, the binding of a competitive inhibitor can be reversed by increasing the substrate concentration, as it can outcompete the inhibitor and regain access to the active site.
Competitive inhibitors are important in understanding enzyme kinetics and designing drugs that target specific enzymes.
By selectively blocking enzyme activity, competitive inhibitors can regulate biological processes and serve as potential therapeutic agents.
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Which of the following pH numbers are acidic? (Choose 2)
9
11
7
5
3
Answers
the pH numbers that are acidic above is 3 and 5
In salt hydrolysis, the conjugate bases of weak acids yield what type of soln? What about the conjugate acids of weak bases?
Answers
In salt hydrolysis, the conjugate bases of weak acids yield basic solutions, while the conjugate acids of weak bases yield acidic solutions. This phenomenon occurs because the hydrolysis of a salt produces either hydroxide ions or hydronium ions, depending on the nature of the salt.
For example, when the salt of a weak acid and a strong base is hydrolyzed, the conjugate base of the weak acid is formed, which acts as a weak base. This weak base can then react with water to produce hydroxide ions, leading to an increase in the pH of the solution and a basic solution. Conversely, when the salt of a weak base and a strong acid is hydrolyzed, the conjugate acid of the weak base is formed, which acts as a weak acid. This weak acid can then react with water to produce hydronium ions, leading to a decrease in the pH of the solution and an acidic solution.
It is important to note that the strength of the acid or base will also influence the pH of the solution, as stronger acids and bases will have a greater impact on the pH. Additionally, the concentration of the salt and the water will also impact the degree of hydrolysis and the resulting pH of the solution.
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Can two objects be made of the Same substance if they have the same volume
Answers
Answer: no
Explanation: theres a chance but generally no because there can be different substances in different amounts which can have similar volumes
How does an increase in thermal energy influence the particles of the reactants in a chemical reaction?
Group of answer choices
it increases the chance of particles being properly aligned by increasing the number of collisions
it decreases the number of particle collisions
it increases the number of collisions by speeding up the particle motion
Answers
Answer:
the last one it increases number of collisions by speeding up the particle motion
Explanation:
the more thermal energy something it has the faster particles move
can you help me plz will mark brainlyiest
Answers
As a result of this process, the proportions of oxygen and carbon dioxide in
air breathed in and air breathed out change.
Which one of the statements is true? Tick the correct box. [1]
- Air breathed out has less carbon dioxide and more oxygen than air breathed in.
- Air breathed out has less carbon dioxide and less oxygen than air breathed in.
- Air breathed out has more carbon dioxide and less oxygen than air breathed in.
- Air breathed out has more carbon dioxide and more oxygen than air breathed in.
Answers
Answer:
the third one
Explanation:
When you breathe in, you inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide
what is a mixture of elements and compounds
Answers
The substance in the image above would be classified as a mixture of elements (option E).
What is a compound and mixture?A compound is a substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.
On the other hand, a mixture is made when two or more substances are combined, but they are not combined chemically.
According to this question, an image is shown with two different substances or elements as distinguished by coloration (white and purple). These elements are combined but not chemically bonded, hence, is a mixture.
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4-ethyl-2-methyl-3-propyl heptanoic acid
drawing
Answers
The structure of the 4-ethyl-2-methyl-3-propyl heptanoic acid is shown in the image attached
How do you know the structure of a compound?
The arrangement and connectivity of the atoms within a molecule are referred to as the structure of an organic substance. Along with other elements including oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens, organic molecules are largely made of carbon atoms bound to hydrogen atoms.
It is crucial to remember that organic compounds can exist in several isomeric forms, where the same chemical formula leads to various structural configurations. The connection of atoms or the spatial arrangement of atoms in three-dimensional space might vary between isomers.
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a.) [Ar]4s13d104p25p1
Express your answer as a chemical symbol.
b.) [Kr]5s24d25p1
Express your answer as a chemical symbol.
Answers
The name and chemical symbol of the given element whose electronic configurations are shown is:
a. Germanium and its symbol is Ge.
b. Niobium and its symbol is Nb.
What is the chemical symbol of an element?The chemical symbol of an element is the symbol that is used to represent the atom of the element usually based on the name o the element.
The name and chemical symbol of the given element whose electronic configurations are shown is determined as follows:
a.) [Ar]4s¹3d¹⁰4p²5p¹
The atomic number of the element is 32
The element whose atomic number is 32 is Germanium and its symbol is Ge.
b.) [Kr]5s²4d²5p¹
The atomic number of the element is 41
The element whose atomic number is 32 is Niobium and its symbol is Nb.
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Plz answer quick 15 points!!! Will give brainiest!!!
Hailey and Bailey compare two samples of matter. They make a table on paper to record the properties they can observe or see of each sample. Which property provides the best evidence that both samples are liquids and NOT solids?
A) mass
B) shape
C) color
D) volume
Answers
Answer:
B) Shape
Explanation:
The property of shape provides the best evidence that both samples are liquids and not solids because liquids do not have a definite shape, in contrast to solids, which do.
The following reaction takes place: 2Na+2H2O = 2NaOH+H2
A. Calculate the number of moles of hydrlgen that will be produced if 11.5g of sodium are reacted.
B. Calculate the number of grams of hydrogen that will be produced in this same reaction.
Answers
A. To calculate the number of moles of hydrogen produced from 11.5g of sodium, we will use the balanced chemical equation: 2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2.
First, find the moles of sodium used:
1. Calculate the molar mass of sodium (Na): 22.99 g/mol
2. Divide the mass of sodium by its molar mass: 11.5g / 22.99 g/mol = 0.5 mol
Next, use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation:
3. For every 2 moles of sodium, 1 mole of hydrogen is produced.
4. Calculate the moles of hydrogen: 0.5 mol Na * (1 mol H2 / 2 mol Na) = 0.25 mol H2
B. To calculate the number of grams of hydrogen produced from 0.25 moles of hydrogen, we will use the molar mass of hydrogen.
1. Calculate the molar mass of hydrogen (H2): 2 * 1.008 g/mol = 2.016 g/mol
2. Multiply the moles of hydrogen by its molar mass: 0.25 mol H2 * 2.016 g/mol = 0.504 g H2
In summary, 0.25 moles of hydrogen will be produced from 11.5g of sodium, and this corresponds to 0.504 grams of hydrogen.
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How do you dissolve the solute in a supersaturated solution and keep the same concentration?
Answers
A solution is a homogenous mixture of two or more pure substances whose composition can vary within certain limits. A solution generally consists of two components, they are called solute and solvent.
A solution is called the supersaturated one which contains more dissolved solute than required for preparing the saturated solution and it is generally prepared by heating the saturated solution, adding more solute and then cooling it gently.
A supersaturated solution is unstable. Adding a small amount of the solute, a seed crystal will cause excess solute to rapidly precipitate or crystallize.
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what are the intermolecular forces of Sulfate ion
Answers
Answer:
oh it's easy
Explanation:
Take the hydrate
N
a
2
S
2
O
3
∙
5
H
2
O
. Are there ionic forces between the
N
a
+
and the
S
2
O
2
−
3
and ion-dipole forces between the cation/anions and the water?
what will be the effect on the amount of gas produced if the experiment is repeated using 0.35 g of k(s) instead of 0.35 g of li(s) ?
Answers
The effect on the amount of gas produced is that if the experiment is repeated using 0.35 grams of potassium is that less amount of hydrogen gas is liberated.
What is relation between amount of gas and metal used ?When potassium reacts with water it liberates hydrogen gas and potassium hydroxide is formed.
\(2K+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_2+2KOH\)
When lithium reacts with water it liberates hydrogen gas and lithium hydroxide is formed.
\(2Li+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_2+2LiOH\)
Moles in case of each reaction can be calculated by the formula ,
n=W/M
where W =mass and M=molar mass
therefore, moles of potassium are ,0.35 g/39=0.0089
and moles of lithium are,0.35 g/6.9=0.0507
Since the amount of moles produced when lithium metal is used is more as compared to potassium ,lithium will produce more gas.Thus,on replacing lithium with potassium less gas will be produced.
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what is the bond order for a second-period diatomic particle containing five electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals and eight electrons in bonding molecular orbitals?
Answers
The bond order for a second-period diatomic particle containing five electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals and eight electrons in bonding molecular orbitals is 1.5
Bond order is defined as the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals minus the number of electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals divided by two. As a result, we may determine the bond order of this diatomic particle by the formula: Bond order = (number of bonding electrons - number of antibonding electrons) / 2
Bond order = (8 - 5) / 2
Bond order = 1.5.
This diatomic molecule, according to the bond order, is a stable molecule since the bond order is greater than 1, indicating that it is a double bond. The molecule has an overall bond strength that is greater than a single bond, but not as strong as a triple bond. So therefore he bond order for a second-period diatomic particle containing five electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals and eight electrons in bonding molecular orbitals is 1.5
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Calculate the weight of the rocks in the photo. The measurement from the scale is given in the caption. (textbook page 8 picture next to question 7) This is what it says on caption: m=0.5 kg Formula: F= m x a force (F), mass (m), acceleration (a) Formula: F= _____kg x 9.8 m/s^2 Answer: F= _____ kg x m/s^2 Type your answer answer:
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - 4.9 kg x m/s^2.
Explanation:
The weight of any object is the mass of the object in specific gravity applied to the object. It can be represented by the F=ma where F is the force applied on the earth by the gravity (a) and mass of the object (m).
Solution:
F = ma
F = 0.5*9.8 kg x m/s^2.
= 4.9 kg x m/s^2.
Which of the following factors does NOT affect surface currents?
A. Coriolis effect
B. density
C. continental deflection
D .wind
Answers
Explaining: surface currents are caused by wind density affects deep ocean currents
The only factors that doesn't affect surface current from the question is B:
density.
Surface currents can be regarded as current that is been formed as a result of Earth's rotation as well as changes in temperature.Surface currents is know as one of the determinant for climate. These currents is responsible for the bringing of warm water from the equator then transfer it to the cooler parts of the ocean as a result of this heat energy is transferred.Some factors that influence surface current are; Coriolis effect : This also aid the movement of the currentcontinental deflection : this helps the deflection of the currents from the continental land masses.wind : without wind there cannot be transfer of the warm water from the equator to the part of the ocean that is cool.Therefore, Option D is correct because density does affect the surface current.
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Heavy water is produced by using the rare isotope deuterium, in which hydrogen-2 () replaces the common isotope hydrogen-1 () . What is the mass of a molecule of heavy water
Answers
The mass of a molecule of heavy water (D2O) is approximately 20.0276 atomic mass units (amu).
Heavy water, also known as deuterium oxide, is composed of two deuterium (hydrogen-2) atoms and one oxygen atom. The atomic mass of deuterium is approximately 2.014 amu, and the atomic mass of oxygen is approximately 15.999 amu.
To calculate the mass of a molecule of heavy water, we add the atomic masses of the constituent atoms. The total atomic mass of two deuterium atoms is 2.014 amu × 2 = 4.028 amu. Adding this to the atomic mass of one oxygen atom (15.999 amu) gives us a total mass of approximately 20.0276 amu for a molecule of heavy water.
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consider the reaction at 298 k: 2h2s(g)+so2(g)→3s(s,rhombic)+2h2o(g) δg∘rxn=−102kj
Answers
The reaction of 2 H2S(g) and SO2(g) at 298 K, forming 3S(s, rhombic) and 2H2O(g), has a standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°rxn) of -102 kJ. The reaction is exothermic and spontaneous, indicating that it proceeds spontaneously in the forward direction.
The negative value of ΔG°rxn (-102 kJ) indicates that the reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction. Spontaneous reactions are thermodynamically favored and tend to occur without requiring an external input of energy. In this case, the reaction is exothermic since the overall ΔG°rxn is negative.
The reaction involves the formation of 3 moles of solid sulfur (S(s, rhombic)) and 2 moles of gaseous water (H2O(g)) from 2 moles of gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S(g)) and 1 mole of gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2(g)). The formation of solid sulfur is favorable as it involves the conversion of gases into a more stable solid form.
Additionally, the formation of gaseous water is also favorable as it involves the release of energy. The production of water contributes to the overall exothermic nature of the reaction.
Overall, the negative ΔG°rxn value (-102 kJ) indicates that the reaction is spontaneous, and the formation of solid sulfur and gaseous water drives the reaction forward.
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