which of the following helps an endurance athlete store glycogen​

Answer:

Prokaryotic flagella are analogous to eukaryotic flagella-like structures

Explanation:

Beyond that they have the same function, flagella from prokaryotes have very little in common with flagella from eukaryotic organisms. Eukaryotic flagella are composed of microtubules. On the other hand, bacterial flagella are composed of polymers of flagellin, which is another unrelated protein. Homologous structures indicate the existence of a common origin (common ancestry), and it is not the case.

Answer:

la deriva continental ha notablemente influido en la distribución actual de las especies. Este fenómeno se puede observar en grupos de organismos similares que se encuentran en diferentes continentes, lo cual concuerda con la idea de que la separación entre dichos continentes se produjo más tardíamente en el tiempo  

Explanation:

La teoría de la deriva continental plantea que durante el final del Paleozoico y el principio del Mesozoico (hace aproximadamente hace 225 millones de años) las masas continentales actuales se encontraban unidas formando una gran masa de tierra o supercontinente conocido como 'Pangea'. Esta teoría se basa en evidencia de diversa fuentes incluyendo pruebas geográficas (coincidencias en las costas de algunos continentes), paleontológicas (mismos fósiles en diferentes continentes), geológicas y tectónicas (por ej., la presencia de cadenas montañosas que se separaron hace millones de años), y paleoclimáticas (evidencia de climas similares durante el pasado en continentes diferentes). La deriva contiental afectó la distribución actual de especies de plantas y animales. Por ejemplo, la fauna en Europa es semejante a la observada en Norteamérica porque estos continentes se separaron más tardíamente en el tiempo que otros contientes/masas de tierra del hemisferio sur, y dichas semejanzas se encuentran reflejadas en organismos evolutivamente más relacionados (menor tiempo de divergencia evolutiva).

Matching the sentences in the chart:

A - 2-GMO (Recombinant bacterial plasmid is used to produce genetically modified plants)

B - 3-Human proteins production (Recombinant bacterial plasmid is used to produce human insulin)

C - 4-Gene therapy (Recombinant viral DNA is used to treat some diseases like cystic fibrosis)

D - 1-DNA fingerprint (Random DNA sequences that are different from one person to another)

Overexpression of the metalloproteinase gene MMP1 can lead to malignancy in breast cancer cells by promoting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.

MMP1 is an enzyme that breaks down the extracellular matrix (ECM), a structural component that provides support and anchors cells within tissues. When MMP1 levels are higher than normal, this leads to increased ECM degradation, resulting in a disruption of normal cellular architecture and interactions.

As the ECM is broken down, cancer cells can more easily migrate and invade surrounding tissues, a process known as invasion. This allows malignant cells to break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body, a phenomenon called metastasis. Additionally, the breakdown of ECM components by MMP1 can release growth factors that promote tumor growth and angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the tumor.

In summary, overexpression of MMP1 in breast cancer cells can lead to malignancy by facilitating tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis through increased ECM degradation, cellular migration, and angiogenesis. This highlights the importance of MMP1 as a potential target for cancer therapy and the need for further research to understand its role in cancer progression.

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The five evidences that support the theory of evolution are: Fossils, Anatomy, Embryology, Molecular Biology (or Biochemistry), and Biogeography.

Fossils show the physical change in a species over time, suggesting evidence for evolution. For an example, we can trace the origins of dolphins and whales all the way to a four-legged, dog-like hoofed mammal from about 50 mya. These mammals were fish eaters and so decided to spend a lot of time in the water. In fact, they spent so much time in the water, that in a few million years, they evolved a longer body and webbed feet. Then another few million years passed and they swapped their webbed feet for flippers and swapped their tail of a fin. Eventually, we get a fish-like mammal that once walked on land.

For anatomy, or structures, there's three types of structure comparisons: Homologous structures, Vestigial structures, and Analogous structures (or Convergent Evolution). Homologous structures show similarities between the structures between species, but serve different purposes. For an example, all mammals share common features within their arms, such as having 5 fingers. However, they serve different purposes, from whale fins for swimming, to bat wings for flying, to human hands for grabbing and for using tools.

Vestigial structures were structures that once served a purpose and have been reduced in size/power to the point where it's useless. For an example, large theropods such as the T. Rex spent so much time evolving more jaw muscles and biting power, that they sacrificed their arm muscles for such power. This explains why their arms were so short.

Another example would be ratites, flightless birds such as ostriches, emus, and cassowaries (penguins and kakapos are from a different group). They spent so much time evolving powerful legs as well as evolving in size, that there was no need to fly when they could just run with their improved legs. And also the fact that they're too heavy to even fly anyways.

Analogous structures is the similar functions of structures between species, but have separately evolved these functions. For an example, the wings from insects, birds, bats, and pterosaurs are very similar in shape and can be used to fly, but they've evolved separately. For an example, birds use feathers to fly while bats and pterosaurs use/used (pterosaurs are extinct) membrane between their bones to fly. Although they do have strikingly similar evolutionary histories, with their ancestors starting off as tree dwellers, they've evolved their flight abilities separately during different earth periods.

Embryology is evidence for evolution by using embryos from different species to suggest a common ancestor. For an example, we can prove that we're more related to whales than to fish by using embryos. The fish embryo will evolve gills while the embryos of humans and whales will not, since we do not breath by extracting oxygen from water.

Molecular biology is a more recent way of providing evidence for evolution. By taking the DNA from cells from different species, we can get an estimate of how related one species is to another. The more similar amino acid sequences are between species, the more recent their common ancestor is. For an example, by comparing amino acid sequences between humans and chimpanzees, we get an estimated amount that we once shared a common ancestor seven million years ago. Without molecular biology, we would still be digging for fossils to find that number.

Biogeography is the geographic distribution of species on earth that can be explained by evolution. For an example, we can tell that Australia separated first from Pangea rather than Asia or North America since Australia doesn't have bears while the Asia and North America do, with China having pandas and North America having brown and black bears. And also with the fact that Australia is the only continent with monotremes (egg-laying mammals like the platypus).

Similar to biogeography, there's also direct observation, which is evolution that has happened in our own eyes. An example would be the underground London mosquito. Mosquitoes usually target birds like pigeons. But after an underground tunnel was built in London, some mosquitoes managed to get inside and instead of birds, they targeted, mice, rats, and of course, humans. After only a few hundred years, a mosquito from the underground tried to mate with another mosquito from land and they could not, simply because they were different species. This shows that their new choice of feeding on mammalian blood has actually altered their DNA and created a new species, during the existence of humanity!

Answer:

Gregor Mendel was the father of the field of genetics, which seeks to explain how traits are passed on from one generation to the next. To study genetics, Mendel chose to work with pea plants because they have easily identifiable traits.

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Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis) in women and inflammation of the urethra (urethritis) and epididymis (epididymitis) in men.

In the field of biology, chlamydia can be described as a common sexually transmitted disease that spreads through genital fluids that are infected by the bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatis.

Chlamydia is known to be more common in females than in males. In females, this disease can cause serious inflammation of the pelvic region leading to cervicitis. It can also cause rectal inflammation in some cases. If left untreated, chlamydia can lead to serious conditions such as infertility as it may spread to the fallopian tubes. It can also lead to ectopic pregnancy. Hence, the disease needs to be treated as early as the diagnosis.

In men, the symptoms of chlamydia include urethritis and epididymitis.

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Answer:

not enough info

Explanation:

Answer:

Herbivore

Explanation:

In the food web of orca, great white shark, leopard seal, fish, squid, copepod, diatoms, and krill, the organism that has the most energy available is the diatoms. This is because diatoms are photosynthetic organisms that produce organic compounds from carbon dioxide and sunlight through photosynthesis.

The diatoms are primary producers, they produce organic molecules that store energy, and are used by primary consumers (herbivores) as a source of energy to fuel cellular respiration.

They are the base of the marine food chain and support all life in the ocean. Diatoms have the most energy available, followed by the krill, copepod, and fish, respectively, which are eaten by higher-level consumers like leopard seals, squid, great white sharks, and orcas.

Therefore, in the given food web, diatoms have the most energy available.

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Multiple allelic inheritance in humans refers to a situation where a gene has more than two allelic forms. It implies that more than two alleles determine the trait expression, thus resulting in many possible phenotypic outcomes. There are different examples of multiple allelic inheritance in humans, such as ABO blood group inheritance.

The ABO blood group is one of the classic examples of multiple allelic inheritance in humans. The inheritance of blood groups involves three alleles: A, B, and O, where A and B are codominant and O is recessive. The gene responsible for blood group is located on the chromosome 9, and it determines the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

A person can either be blood group A, B, AB, or O, depending on the combination of alleles inherited from their parents. For instance, a person who inherits the A allele from one parent and the B allele from the other will have the AB blood group.

Another person who inherits the O allele from both parents will have blood group O. Similarly, someone who inherits A allele from both parents will have blood group A, and the same applies to those who inherit the B allele from both parents.

Therefore, in conclusion, the ABO blood group is a classic example of multiple allelic inheritance in humans. It is a type of inheritance where a gene has more than two allelic forms, and it results in many possible phenotypic outcomes.

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Reproduction is a biological process that allows for the continuity of life. It ensures the survival of a species by producing new individuals that can replace those that die. Reproduction can takes place through sexual or asexual means.

1) Types of reproduction:

Mainly there are two types of reproduction. First is asexual reproduction, this requires only one parent. And second as sexual reproduction, this involves two parents.

2) Differences between the types of reproduction:

Offspring are produced during that asexual reproduction that are genetically identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically diverse due to the combination of genetic material from both parents. Asexual reproduction is faster, simpler, and requires less energy, while sexual reproduction is slower, more complex, and requires more energy.

3) General forms of asexual reproduction:

a) Binary fission: This is a common form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms, such as bacteria. The parent cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells in binary fission.

b) Budding: This is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent organism. The new organism remains attached to the parent and eventually separates to live on its own.

c) Fragmentation: This is a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism is split into two or more parts, each of which can develop into a new individual. This is common in some invertebrates, such as starfish.

d) Vegetative reproduction: This is one of the forms of asexual reproduction in plants during which a new plant develops from a part of the parent plant, for example a stem or a leaf. Usually this can be seen in plants like strawberries and potatoes.

NOTE: Diagrams is attached of the different forms of asexual reproduction.

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Answer:

A domain contains more organisms

Answer:

The chart below shows how the kingdoms have changed over time.

Explanation:

As scientists began to understand more about DNA, evolutionary biologists established a new taxonomic category—the domain. A domain is a larger and more inclusive category than a kingdom. There are three domains—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Sound vibrations get transformed into neural signals that can be sent to the brain in the cochlea, which is a spiral-shaped structure located in the inner ear.

The cochlea plays a vital role in the process of hearing. It is filled with fluid and contains the sensory organ called the organ of Corti. The organ of Corti contains specialized hair cells that are responsible for converting mechanical sound vibrations into electrical signals.

When sound waves enter the ear, they cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted through the middle ear bones (ossicles) and reach the fluid-filled cochlea. As the fluid in the cochlea moves in response to the sound vibrations, it causes the hair cells in the organ of Corti to bend.

The bending of the hair cells triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which generates electrical signals or neural impulses. These neural impulses are then transmitted through the auditory nerve, also known as the cochlear nerve, to the brain.

The auditory nerve carries the transformed neural signals to the brain's auditory cortex, specifically the temporal lobe, where they are interpreted as sound. The brain processes these signals and allows us to perceive and make sense of the different sounds we hear.

In summary, the transformation of sound vibrations into neural signals occurs in the cochlea of the inner ear. The complex mechanism involving the hair cells in the organ of Corti converts mechanical vibrations into electrical signals, which are then transmitted through the auditory nerve to the brain for interpretation.

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Answer:

Electromagnetic energy that is emitted from the sun is what drives producers in ecosystems

Explanation:

The probability of a monthly exposure to PM1.0 greater than 9μg/m3 is approximately 0.091.

To calculate the probability, we need to standardize the value of 9μg/m3 using the given mean and standard deviation. The formula for standardization is z = (x - μ) / σ, where z is the standardized value, x is the observed value, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation.

In this case, the mean (μ) is 7.2μg/m3 and the standard deviation (σ) is 1.5μg/m3. Plugging these values into the formula, we get z = (9 - 7.2) / 1.5 = 1.2 / 1.5 = 0.8.

Now, we need to find the probability of a z-score greater than 0.8. Using a standard normal distribution table or calculator, we can determine that the area to the left of 0.8 is approximately 0.7881. Therefore, the probability of a z-score greater than 0.8 is 1 - 0.7881 = 0.2119.

So, the probability of a monthly exposure greater than 9μg/m3 is approximately 0.2119, which can be rounded to 0.091 when expressed as a percentage.

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A single complete individual capable of response to stimulus, reproduction, growth and development, maintain homeostasis is termed a living organism.

An organism generally refers to a single or individual living species, which exhibits all the properties of life. These can be a plant, animal, bird, insect and even a microbe. There are billions to trillions of different types of organisms living on our planet Earth.

Living things are highly organized, meaning they contain specialized, coordinated parts. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells, which are considered the fundamental units of life. Even unicellular organisms are complex.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

They come from other Rocks or living things such as bones,leaves,stems, etc.

Answer:

broad-leafed trees that shed their leaves annually

Explanation:

npsgov

Answer:

Their main difference is how they form the daughter cells during cytokinesis. During that stage, animal cells form furrow or cleavage that gives way to formation of daughter cells. Due to the existence of the rigid cell wall, plant cells don't form furrows.

Explanation:

Answer:

The population size is small

Explanation:

Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population change over generations due to chance (sampling error). Genetic drift occurs in all populations of non-infinite size, but its effects are strongest in small populations.

Answer:

The population size is small.

Explanation:

Step 1.

Write down the experiment data.

- tube containing water;

- alodea (photosynthetic organism);

- 10 g of sodium bicarbonate;

- light source.

Step 2.

Why bubbles are formed on the leaves of the alodea?

The experiment have all the condictions for photosynthesis, since it provides: water (that is in the tube), CO2 (because of the dissolved sodium bicarbonate), light (because of the string light source). Therefore the most ogical explanation for Alice experiment results is: the bubbles formed as the elodea plant releases oxygen from the elodea leaves, that because with all the elements in the experiment the plant can do a normal photosynthetic process that way realing oxygen in the tube and forming bubbles of "air".

In the troposphere, CFCs are stable but in the stratosphere, CFCs are not stable and release damaging chlorine atoms when exposed to UV radiation.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are compounds made up of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms. They were once widely used in refrigerants, aerosol sprays, and foam insulation. However, because of their detrimental effects on the Earth's ozone layer, their use has been phased out.

In the stratosphere, CFCs are not stable and release damaging chlorine atoms when exposed to UV radiation. The chlorine atoms combine with ozone, resulting in a chain reaction that destroys the ozone layer, exposing the Earth's surface to harmful UV radiation.

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To find out if the change in one population is due to the other population, the scientist can: B. investigate the populations of the honeybee and plant species in areas where the other species is not present.

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

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A capitalist economy is not the right answer. Northland has a form of economic system known as a command economy or a planned economy.

In this type of system, the government controls the means of production and makes most economic decisions, including what goods and services are produced, how they are produced, and at what prices they are sold. The central government may also set targets for economic growth and dictate production levels in various industries. A command economy can have some advantages, such as the ability to quickly mobilize resources for large-scale projects or to provide basic necessities to citizens at low prices. However, it can also lead to inefficiencies, as government officials may not have the same incentives or information as private businesses to make efficient decisions. It can also limit individual freedoms, as citizens may have little say in the economic decisions that affect their lives.

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The term "cephalocaudal" is broken down into two word parts, "cephal" meaning head and "caudal" meaning tail.

The term "cephalocaudal" refers to the pattern of growth and development that begins at the head (cephal) and moves downward towards the tail (caudal). This term is commonly used in anatomy and biology to describe the direction of growth and development in organisms, from the head to the tail.

For example, in human development, a fetus first develops its head and then the rest of its body, in a cephalocaudal direction. Similarly, in motor development, a baby first develops control over its head and neck, and then progresses to control over its trunk, arms and legs.

In this way, the term "cephalocaudal" helps describe a fundamental aspect of growth and development in organisms, and is an important concept in understanding how different parts of the body develop and interact with each other.

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Answer:

Genes are a section of DNA that are in charge of different functions like making proteins. Long strands of DNA with lots of genes make up chromosomes. DNA molecules are found in chromosomes. Chromosomes are located inside of the nucleus of cells.

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Answer:

multiple sugars, complex carbohydrates or oligosaccharides.

Explanation:

Answer:

Polysaccharide

Explanation:

A long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds is known as a polysaccharide. therefore the awnser is a polysaccharide.